• 복식
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• 제52권4호
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• pp.65-73
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• 2002

This research is to reveal an aspect of costume culture interchange in the relationship of the early Chosun Dynasty, by considering the imported goods from Japan, of the trading goods derived by the trade diplomacy between the two countries in the early Korea-Japan relationship in the medieval era. The research results are as follows. A good-neighbor Policy in the early Chosun Dynasty was established by a link of a barbarian ban policy to blockade the frequent intrusion by Japanese barbarians. The exchange was the form of presenting a return present in return for a tribute to the Chosun Dynasty from the Japanese envoy, which has a polycentric characteristic. Pusanpo, Naipo, and Yumpo were designated as the open ports, which played a pivotal role in the Korea-Japan exchange. In trading goods between Korean and Japan. the imported goods from Japan to Korea were a wide variety of items primarily such as dyes, mordant, medicines, steel, spicers, etc. In particular, Somok used as a red mordant, which were intermediate goods to Southeast Asia, was the most heavily-traded items of imported goods from Japan. It had been consumed primarily as a raw material making the costume suit of the royal family and the aristocracy. The increased import of Somok was derived from a thought of preferred red color by our people. As its inflow was increased. the costumes tended to be luxurious In early Chosun Dynasty and resulted in social issues. This active trading from the early Chosun Dynasty caused from the communication of the Japanese envoy. In addition the study of the trading provided an opportunity that can glance at an aspect of the costume culture, though It was fractionary.

• 대한한의학방제학회지
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.111-123
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• 2005

The purpose of this study was to investigate the anticancer effects of Caesalpiniae Lignum (Somok) on HepG2 cells, a human liver cancer cell line. To study the cytotoxic effect of Caesalpiniae Lignum methanol extract (CL-MeOH) on HepG2 cells, the cells were treated with various concentrations of CL-MeOH and then cell viability was determined by XTT reduction method and trypan blue exclusion assay. CL-MeOH reduced proliferation of HepG2 cells in a dose-dependent manner. To confirm the induction of apoptosis, HepG2 cells were treated with various concentrations of CL-MeOH. The activation of caspase 3 and the cleavage of poly ADP-ribose polymerase (PARP), a substrate for caspase-3 and a typical sign of apoptosis, was examined by western blot analysis. CL-MeOH decreased procaspase 3 level in a dose-dependent manner and induced the clevage of PARP at concentration> $200{\mu}/ml$. Mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase signaling cascades are multi-functional signaling networks that influence cell growth, differentiation, apoptosis, and cellular responses to stress. CL-MeOH-induced MAPK activation was examined by Western blot for phosphorylated ERK, p38 and JNK. CL-MeOH significantly increased p38 phosphorylation and JNK phosphorylation in a dose-dependent manner. Inhibition of p38 function using the selective inhibitor SB20358O results in inhibition of apoptosis by CL-MeOH. These results suggest that CL-MeOH-induced apoptosis is MAP kinase-dependent apoptoric pathway. These results suggest that CL-MeOH is potentially useful as a chemotherapeutic agent in human liver cancer.

• 복식문화연구
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• 제11권6호
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• pp.826-834
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• 2003

This research is to reveal an aspect of costume culture and a phase of the cloths in the relationship of the Chosun dynasty, by considering the exported goods from the Chosun dynasty of the trading goods derived by the trade diplomacy between the two countries in the Chosun dynasty-Japan relationship in the 15th and 16th. The research findings, by analyzing various literatures and related documents, follow. The research results are as follow. The exchange was the form of presenting a return present in return for a tribute to the Chosun dynasty from the Japanese envoy, which has a polycentric characteristic. Pusanpo, Naipo, and Yumpo were designated as the open ports, which played a pivotal role in the Korea-Japan exchange. The imported goods were somok, peppers, drug-stuffs, gold, bronze, sulfur, etc. The exported goods were books and cloths, such as hemp cloths, cotton cloths, silk, etc. The majority of exported goods was cloths, particularly cotton cloths. Meanwhile, in the 15th and the 16th century, with expanding of active trade towards Japan, the amount of export increased rapidly. As a result of the increase of exporting cotton cloths, the raw cottons production was increased and cotton cloth manufacturing was developed. However, it also expanded a dual structure of cotton cloths between the cotton cloths for exports and the cotton cloths for domestic markets. This dual structure of cotton cloth was lead to the deterioration of cotton cloths and had an effect on the price increases of domestic markets.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.256-262
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• 2013

Four functional constituents, oxyresveratrol 3'-O-${\beta}$-D-glucoside (ORTG), oxyresveratrol (ORT), t-resveratrol (RT), and moracin (MC) were isolated from the ethanolic extract of mulberry (Morus alba L.) twigs by a series of isolation procedures, including solvent fractionation, and silica-gel, ODS-A, and Sephadex LH-20 column chromatographies. Their chemical structures were identified by NMR and FABMS spectral analysis. Quantitative changes of four phytochemicals in mulberry twigs were determined by HPLC according to cultivar, producing area, and heat processing. ORTG was a major abundant compound in the mulberry twigs, and its levels ranged from 23.7 to 105.5 mg% in six different mulberry cultivars. Three other compounds were present in trace amounts (<1 mg/100 g) or were not detected. Among mulberry cultivars examined, "Yongcheon" showed the highest level of ORTG, whereas "Somok" had the least ORTG content. Levels of four phytochemicals in the mulberry twigs harvested in early September were higher than those harvested in early July. Levels of ORTG and ORT in the "Cheongil" mulberry twigs produced in the Uljin area were higher than those produced in other areas. Generally, levels of ORTG and ORT in mulberry twigs decreased with heat processing, such as steaming, and microwaving except roasting, whereas those of RT and MC did not considerably vary according to heat processing. These results suggest that the roasted mulberry twigs may be useful as potential sources of functional ingredients and foods.

• 치위생과학회지
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.155-162
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• 2012

본 연구는 소목(Caesalpinia sappan L.)의 6가지 유기용매 분획물 중 IP-3의 항균활성을 및 부착능을 측정하고 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 1. Methanol에 의해 분리된 소목의 항균 물질 수율은 총 4.8%로 나타났으며, 여러 분획물 가운데 EtOAc 분획물(IP-3)에서 3.94%로 가장 높은 수율을 보였다. 2. 소목의 EtOAc 분획물에서 최종 정제된 활성물질은 UV 288.3 nm에서 최대 흡수피크를 나타내었으며, NMR spectrum을 통해 brazilin(($C_{16}H_{14}O_5$)으로 확인되었다. 3. S. mutans에 대한 소목의 EtOAc 분획물의 항균 활성은 최소억제농도(MIC) 3.1 mg/ml에서 균의 생장을 억제하였다. 4. S. mutans 부착억제효과는 하이드록시아파타이트(HA)를 S. mutans와 24 시간 동안 함께 배양한 대조군은 균 부착률이 높게 관찰되었으나, 소목의 EtOAc 분획물을 처리한 군에서는 HA에 S. mutans의 부착이 매우 적게 나타났다. 이상의 결과를 통해, 소목에서 추출된 EtOAc 분획에 존재하는 brazilin이 구강 내 우식원성세균에 강한 항균력을 가지고 있는 것으로 판단되며, 특히 S. mutans의 부착 억제능이 확인되어 우식원성 균주에 대한 생약치료제로 활용이 가능할 것으로 사료된다.

• 치위생과학회지
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• 제12권3호
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• pp.209-215
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• 2012

본 연구는 소목(C. sappan L.)으로부터 분리된 Brazilin이 S. mutans의 생장 및 배양 환경 에 미치는 영향을 측정하고 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 1. Methanol에 의해 분리된 소목의 수율은 총 4.8%로 나타났으며, 여러 분획물 가운데 brazilin이 포함된 에틸아세테이트(EtOAc) 분획물에서 3.94%로 가장 높은 수율을 보였다. 2. 소목으로부터 분리된 brazilin의 S. mutans 생장에 대한 효과는 대조군이 24시간에서 0.816으로 최대 생장률을 보였으나, brazilin (0.3 mg/ml, 1 mg/ml, 3 mg/ml)을 투여한 배지는 32시간 만에 최대생장을 보였다. 3. S. mutans를 16시간 동안 배양한 후 배지 내 pH를 측정한 결과 대조군은 5.25이었으며, brazilin (0.3 mg/ml, 1mg/ml, 3 mg/ml)을 투여한 배지는 각각 pH 7.00, pH 7.01, pH 6.98로 유지하여 산 생성을 억제하였다. 4. S. mutans를 48시간 동안 배양한 후 배지 내 탄수화물 변화량을 측정한 결과 대조군보다 소목의 brazilin이 투여된 배지의 탄수화물의 소모량이 적었다. 5. S. mutans를 24 시간 동안 배양한 후 배지 내 단백질 변화량을 측정한 결과, 최대 생장량을 보인 24 시간에서 대조군은 2.46 mg/ml 이었으며, 소목의 brazilin이 투여된 배지는 2.54 mg/ml 이었다. 6. S. mutans의 다당류 생성에 미치는 효과는 대조군의 경우 배양 8 시간에 300 mg/100 ml을 생성하였으나, 소목의 brazilin이 투여된 배지에서는 200 mg/100 ml을 생성하였다. 이상의 결과를 볼 때, 소목의 EtOAc 분획에 존재하는 brazilin은 배지 내 S. mutans 균주의 생육을 억제하는 효과가 있어, 향후 구강 내 우식원성 세균의 억제물질로 활용을 제시한다.