• 한국임상수의학회지
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.177-181
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• 2007

In the present study, a total of 547 half milk samples were collected from 274 dairy goats to perform somatic cell counts (SCC) and California mastitis test (CMT). Milk smear was stained with Pyronin Y-Methyl Green stain were classified into either epithelial or blood cells, etc. Of the 547 halves the percentage of CMT negative milk samples were 86%. Among these, 58.2% were CMT negative with SCC<500,000/ml, while 27.8% were CMT negative with SCC>500,000 ml. As expected, CMT score increased with the increase of SCC. The number of epithelial cells decreased with the increasing number of somatic cells, while the opposite was observed with the number of blood cells. These results indicate that the critical point in milk quality & CMT should be considered on the false (pseudo-SC) SCC in dairy goat.

• Journal of Plant Biology
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• 제37권3호
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• pp.365-370
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• 1994

Excised cotyledon segments of ginseng zygotic embryos at various developmental stages were cultured on MS basal medium from which somatic embryos were directly induced. The frequency of somatic embryo formation on the segments declined with the advancing zygotic embryo maturity. All of the cells in the cotyledons of immature zygotic embryos were smaller and more densely cytoplasmic than those in mature embryos. Histological examinations revealed that the poly-somatic embryos formed on immature embryos were of multi-cell originand derived from the epidermal and subepidermal cell layers. However, in the cotyledon of germinating zygotic embryos, only theepidermal cells were densely cytoplasmic and singularly competent to develop into somatic embryos resulting into single embryos at a frequency of 100%.

• 한국자원식물학회지
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.133-138
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• 1999

당근(Daucus carota L. cv. Hongshim)의 접합자배와 체세포배의 경정부의 구조는 주사전자현미경과 종단면 관찰을 통하여 이루어졌다. 접합자배의 경정부는 도립된 보우트형이고, 2ㆍ3ㆍ4자엽 체세포배의 경정부는 각각 도립된 보우트형, 피라미드형 및 볼록한 다이아몬드형으로 나타났다. 접합자배의 경정부는 다소 작은 세포들로 구성되어 있고, 초층과 내체의 구별이 된다. 체세포배의 경정부는 다소 큰 세포들이 불규칙하게 배열되어 있다.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.74-80
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• 1999

인삼 접합자배의 자엽을 식물호르몬이 전혀 첨가되지 않은 MS기본배지에 배양한 결과 자엽의 기부에서 높은 빈도의 체세포배가 유기되었다. 체세포배의 형성 빈도는 접합자배 자엽의 성숙도에 따라서 차이가 있었는데 미숙배에서 성숙배로 진행됨에 따라 감소되는 경향을 보였다. 미숙자엽의 경우에는 표피세포의 윗 아래층들이 모두 성숙자엽의 세포보다 더 적거나 더 촘촘하였으며, 많은 세포들이 체세포배의 형성에 관여하였으나 뿌리의 형성이 어려운 다배상태로 유기되었다. 그러나 발아직적의 성숙자엽은 표피세포의 윗층만이 촘촘한 세포로 이루워 졌으며 뿌리의 형성이 가능한 체세포 단일배로 유기되었다. 이런 결과는 체세포배의 기원과 발육이 배발생시 사용한 자엽의 성숙도에 따라서 배발생에 관여한 세포들이 단일 혹은 다량상태인지에 따라서 결정된다는 것을 의미한다.

• 한국동물번식학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국동물번식학회 2002년도 춘계학술발표대회 발표논문초록집
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• pp.6-6
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• 2002

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of recipient activation time on the nuclear remodeling, chromatin structure, pronuclear formation and in vitro development of bovine nuclear transfer embryos derived from adult ear skin cells. Somatic cells were transferred to enucleated oocytes after quiescent treatments by serum starvation or culture to confluency. Nuclear transfer embryos were activated with a combination of Ca/sup 2+/-ionophore and cycloheximide at 1, 1.5, 2, 2.5, 3, and 5 h after electrofusion. (omitted)

• Journal of Genetic Medicine
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.1-7
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• 2021

The oocyte quality is of great importance in infertility as it reflects the follicle developmental potential and further affects the embryo development, clinical pregnancy outcomes. The analysis of gene expression in somatic cells is an important study to better clinical in vitro fertilization (IVF) outcomes in embryo selection reflecting the appropriate communication between the oocyte and somatic cells. Specifically, somatic cell transcriptomic technology can help assess biomarkers of oocyte and embryo ability. The present article aims to overview the basic aspect of folliculogenesis and review studies involving changes in candidate gene expression of cumulus or granulosa cell related to clinical outcomes in human IVF.

• 한국가축번식학회지
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.95-99
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• 1998

Three experiments were conducted with follicular oocytes, to compare some somatic cells, growth factors and media for in vitro maturation of bovine oocytes. In the first experiment, the type of somatic cells had no effects on in vitro maturation of bovine follicular ooctyes. In the second experiment, oocytes were matured in TCM199 su, pp.emented with growth factors on IVM of bovine follicular oocytes, then all were co-cultured with cumulus cells. The proportion of used oocytes that developed to expanding blastocysts was 22.2%, 20.2%, 17.7%, 22.2%, 24.4% and 20.2% after maturation in TCM199 su, pp.emented with control, insulin, IGF-I, IGF-Ⅱ, FGF and EGF, respectively. In the third experiment, oocytes were matured in BO, Ham's F10 and TCM199, then all were fertilized in BO, and embryos cultured in BO, Ham's F10 and TCM199, respectively. Cleavage rates in BO were 90%, had higher than in Ham's F10(80%) or in TCM199(64%). But production of expanding blastocysts in TCM199(21%) or Ham's F10(20.6%), had higher than in BO(4.6%).

• 한국동물생명공학회지
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• 제34권3호
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• pp.232-239
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• 2019

In general, cloned pigs have been produced using the somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) technique with various types of somatic cells; however, the SCNT technique has disadvantages not only in its low efficiency but also in the development of abnormal clones. This study aimed to compare early embryonic development and quality of SCNT embryos with those of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) NT embryos (iPSC-NTs). Ear fibroblast cells were used as donor cells and iPSCs were generated from these cells by lentiviral transduction with human six factors (Oct4, Sox2, c-Myc, Nanog, Klf4 and Lin28). Blastocyst formation rate in iPSC-NT (23/258, 8.9%) was significantly lower than that in SCNT (46/175, 26.3%; p < 0.05). Total cell number in blastocysts was similar between two groups, but blastocysts in iPSC-NT had a lower number of apoptotic cells than in SCNT (2.0 ± 0.6 vs. 9.8 ± 2.9, p < 0.05). Quantitative PCR data showed that apoptosis-related genes (bax, caspase-3, and caspase-9) were highly expressed in SCNT than iPSC-NT (p < 0.05). Although an early development rate was low in iPSC-NT, the quality of cloned embryos from porcine iPSC was higher than that of embryos from somatic cells. Therefore, porcine iPSCs could be used as a preferable cell source to create a clone or transgenic animals by using the NT technique.

• Reproductive and Developmental Biology
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• 제35권4호
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• pp.485-489
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• 2011

The present study was conducted to examine the reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation levels and subsequent DNA damage in the bovine cultured somatic cells. Bovine ear skin cells were classified by serum starvation, confluence and cycling cells. Cells were stained in 10 ${\mu}M$ dichlorohydrofluorescein diacetate ($H_2DCFDA$) or 10 ${\mu}M$ hydroxyphenyl fluorescein (HPF) dye to measure the $H_2O_2$ or $^{\cdot}OH$ radical levels. The samples were examined with a fluorescent microscope, and fluorescence intensity was analyzed in each cell. $H_2O_2$ and $^{\cdot}OH$ radical levels of cultured somatic cells were high in confluence group ($7.1{\pm}0.7$ and $8.4{\pm}0.4$ pixels/cell, respectively) and significantly low in serum starvation group ($4.9{\pm}0.4$ and $7.0{\pm}0.4$ pixels/cell, respectively, p<0.05). Comet tail lengths of serum starvation ($148.3{\pm}5.7$ ${\mu}M$) and confluence ($151.1{\pm}5.0$ ${\mu}M$) groups were found to be significantly (p<0.05) increased in comparison to that of cycling group ($137.1{\pm}7.5$ ${\mu}M$). These results suggest that the culture type of donor cells can affect the ROS generation, which leads the DNA fragmentation of the cells.

• 한국임상수의학회지
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.244-248
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• 2005

This study was conducted to survey the relationship between the somatic cell count (SCC), and California mastitis test (CMT) & mastitis. A total of 328 quarter milk samples were collected from 211 cows suspected to have mastitis; Both SCC and CMT were performed on the samples. Milk smear was stained with Broadhurst and Paley stain and the cells were classified into either epithelial or blood cells. Bacterial isolation was made and antimicrobial susceptibility was tested. Of the 328 quarters, 78 ($23.8{\%}$) were CMT negative with SCC <750,000/ml. As expected, CMT score increased with the increase of SCC. The number of epithelial cells decreased with the increasing number of somatic cells, while the opposite was the case with the number of blood cells. The critical point was when the SCC reached 1,000,000/ml. Up to 1,000,000 cells/ml, the number of epithelial cells was greater than that of blood cells. The results indicate that when epithelia:blood cell ratio is 58.1:41.9, the milking line should be checked and bacterial isolation be performed on the samples in order to identity mastitis.