• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
• /
• v.25 no.2
• /
• pp.55-64
• /
• 1998

This study was carried out to investigate the postmortem changes in physico-chemical characteristics of chicken meat with different breeds. Thigh and breast meats from Korean Native Chicken(KNC, 15-wk old), Wangchoo(15-wk old), and broiler(7-wk old) were stored at 5 ˚C. Differences in postmortem pH changes were not recognized among breeds, and pH showed by the lowest value at the 1st day of postmortem in all breeds. Breast meat had tendency to drop pH faster than thigh meat. Heme pigment contents showed no differences among breeds. KNC showed the lowest cholesterol contents in all breeds, total collagen contents showed the lowest value at the 1st day of postmortem, and thereafter it was gradually increased. Heat soluble collagen contents was lowest in Wangchoo. Water soluble and salt soluble protein showed the lowest extractability at the 1st day of storage. Broiler showed the highest extractability of these proteins and Wangchoo showed the lowest. Water holding capacity(WHC) had increasing tendency whilst cooking loss had decreasing tendency by the ageing. WHC of breast and thigh meat showed the highest values in KNC and broiler, respectively. Myofibrillar fragmentation index (MFI) was significantly increased in all breeds by the ageing. Breast and thigh meat showed almost same MFI in KNC and broiler, and in KNC and Wangchoo, respectively. Hardness of breast meat showed decreasing tendency by the ageing.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• v.19 no.7
• /
• pp.1059-1064
• /
• 2006

Six muscles were seamed out randomly from Hanwoo carcasses (n = 12) of each quality grade (quality grades 1, 2 and 3). Samples were analysed for their total and soluble collagen contents, IMCT (intramuscular connective tissue) and Warner-Bratzler shear force (WBSF). Simple correlation (n = 21) was determined for WBSF among major muscles. For LT (longissimus thoracis), total collagen content was significantly higher (p<0.05) for quality grade 3 than those for quality grades 1 and 2. For semitendinosus (ST), semimembranosus (SM), psoas major (PM) and serratus ventralis (SV), total collagen content of quality grade 1 was lowest (p<0.05) of all quality grades. IMCT shear force for gluteus medius (GM) decreased (p<0.05) with better quality grade, and those for other muscles, with the exception of GM, were higher (p<0.05) for quality grade 3 than for quality grades 1 and 2. WBSF values showed GM and LT to be decreased (p<0.05) with better quality grade, and PM to be higher (p<0.05) for quality grade 3 than those for quality grades 1 and 2. SM, ST and SV from quality grade 1 had lower (p<0.05) WBSF value than those from quality grades 2 and 3. Total collagen content of ST was highest (p<0.05) of all muscles, whereas that of PM was lowest (p<0.05). Soluble collagen contents of LT and SV from quality grades 1 and 2 were, in general, higher (p<0.05) than other muscles, but that of SM was lowest (p<0.05). ST and SM had higher (p<0.05) WBSF values for three quality grades when compared to other muscles, whereas PM was lowest (p<0.05). LT had the strongest simple correlation with SV (r = 0.78) and GM (r = 0.77), and SM had the strongest correlation with ST (r = 0.73) and LT (r = 0.73). Also, PM had the strongest correlation with SV (r = 0.62).

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
• /
• v.20 no.1
• /
• pp.65-71
• /
• 1992

The two isolates of Streptomyces antagonistic to Phytophthora nicotianae var. parasitica and Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. vasinfectum were identified as based on the morphological, cultural and physiological characteristics on various culture media. Spore chains of St-11 isolate was rectus-flexibilis(RF), whereas the other isolate, St-20, was shown rectinaculum-apertum(RA). Spore surface of St-11 isolate was smooth, while St-20 was spiny. Aerial mycelia of the two isolates were all gray color and growing conditions on media were good as a whole. Any soluble pigment was not shown in cultivation of the two isolates. Stoll isolate showed negative response on starch hydrolysis and gelation liquefaction, whereas St-20 isolate was positive on starch hydrolysis and a negative on gelatin reaction. Stoll isolate was identified as Streptomyces bikiniensis and St-20 Streptomyces echinoruber, respectively.

• BMB Reports
• /
• v.30 no.2
• /
• pp.95-100
• /
• 1997

Two kinds of cDNA encoding mouse $Gal{\beta}$1,3(4)GlcNAc ${\alpha}$2,3-sialyltransferase (mST3Gal III) and $Gal{\beta}$1,4(3)GlcNAc ${\alpha}$2,3-sialyltransferase (mST3Gal IV) were isolated from mouse brain cDNA library by means of a PCR-based approach. The cDNA sequences included an open reading frame coding for proteins of 374 and 333 amino acids, respectively, and the primary structure of these enzymes suggested a putative domain structure consisting of four regions, like that in other glycosyltransferases. The deduced amino acid sequences of mST3GaI III and IV showed a 98% and 89% identity with rat ST3GaI III and human ST3Gal IV, respectively. Northern analysis indicated that the expression of mST3Gal III mRNA was abundant in heart, liver and adult brain, while that of mST3GaI IV mRNA was detected in all tissues tested except for testis, but the level was the highest in liver. Soluble forms of mST3GaI III and IV transiently expressed in COS cells exhibited enzyme activity toward acceptor substrates containing the terminal either $Gal{\beta}$1,3GlcNAc or $Gal{\beta}$1,4GlcNAc sequences. The substrate preferences of both enzymes were stronger for tetrasaccharides than for disaccharides.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
• /
• v.29 no.10
• /
• pp.1142-1149
• /
• 1996

This study was conducted to determine changes in th contents and composition of dietary fiber during the growth of soybean sprout. Soybean was soaked in water at $25^{\circ}C$ for 2hrs and cultivated at 2$0^{\circ}C$ for 7 days under dark condition. The soybean sprouts were divided into cotyledon and axis and sampled every 24hrs. The analysis methodlogies used were Van Soest's NDF, AOAC's ADF and lignin and Prosky's IDF, SDF, TDF. The weight of 100 sprouts increased gradually from 20.26g to 90.12g during the growth periods. The weight increased to 344.9% of the original weight. The germination rate was 100% after soaking at $25^{\circ}C$ for 2hrs. Root length increased gradualy from 0.6cm at 1st day to 17.2cm at 7th day. The crude ash and crude fat contents showed no significant change in the cotyledon and axis. The crude protein contents increased in the cotyledon and axis, whereas the total carbohydrate content didn't have general tendency. The insoluble dietary fiber(IDF), soluble dietary fiber(SDF) and total dietary fiber(TDF) contents of cotyledon were no significantly different from 20.01%, 1.45%, 21.46% at 1st day to 22.75%, 2.07%, 24.82% at 7th day on dry basis. In axis those contents increased from 23.19%, 1.97%, 25.16% at 1st day to 32.78%, 3.02%, 35.80% at 7th day, respectively. The neutral detergent fiber(NDF) contents of cotyledon and axis increased from 4.35% to 6.39% and from 6.44% to 26.60% respectively on dry basis. The acid detergent fiber (ADF) contents of cotyledon and axis increased from 2.84% to 4.91% and from 2.5% to 4.7%, but there were no significantly different in the hemicellulose and lignin contents on dry basis. The hemicellulose and lignin contents of axis increased with culture periods from 1.70% to 4.41% and from 0.20% to 2.11%, respectively. The cellulose contents increased from 4.54% to 20.35% on dry basis.

• Polymer(Korea)
• /
• v.34 no.2
• /
• pp.89-96
• /
• 2010

Adhesive binders with core-shell structure of organic/organic pair were prepared by emulsion polymerization of acrylic monomers, such as methyl methacrylate(MMA), ethyl acrylate(EA), n-butyl acrylate(BA), and styrene(St). Ammonium persulfate (APS) was used as an water soluble initiator in the presence of an anionic surfactant, sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate (SDBS). Non-woven fabric and leather were impregnated with the adhesive binder. The surface of the impregnated fabric and leather were treated with plasma technique and then kinetics analysis and mechanical properties were measured. The conversions of the polymerization of core-shell binder (MMA/EA, MMA/BA) were greater than 90%. When the core-shell binder was prepared at equimolar conditions, the increasing effect of the core-shell binder on the state peel strength of the impregnated and plasma-treated non-woven/non-woven fabric has the order of MMA/St, EA/BA, BA/MMA, EA/St, and EA/MMA. When the core-shell binder was prepared at non-equimolar conditions, the increasing effect of the core-shell binder on the state peel strength of the non-woven fabric/leather has the order of MMA/BA, BA/EA, MMA/EA, St/MMA, and EA/St.

• KSBB Journal
• /
• v.23 no.3
• /
• pp.231-238
• /
• 2008

The second family member of tissue inhibitors of matrix metalloproteinases, TIMP-2, is a 21kDa protein which inhibits matrix metalloproteinases 2 (MMP-2). Expression of mammalian proteins in E. coli often forms inclusion bodies that are made up of mis-folded or insoluble protein aggregates. The requirement for the formation of 6 disulfide bonds in the process of the TIMP-2 folding is likely to be incompatible with the reducing environment of E. coli. However, this incompatibility can be often overcome by introducing a mutagenesis that could lead to enhancement of the protein solubility. In this reason, we have attempted to express the soluble TIMP-2 in E. coli by applying a modified staggered extension process (StEP), one of the in vitro PCR-based recombinant mutagenesis methods, and error-prone PCR. C-terminally located CAT fusion protein with respect to mutated TIMP-2 proteins enables us to differentiate the soluble TIMP-2 from the insoluble in E. coli by virtue of chloramphenicol resistance. According to this scheme, E. coli harboring properly-folded CAT fused to TIMP-2 protein was selected, and some of the resulting colonies exhibited an enhanced, soluble expression of TIMP-2 compared to the wild type, implying (i) the StEP technique is successfully employed to enhance the proper folding thereby increasing the solubility of TIMP-2, and (ii) the CAT dependent screening may be a simple and effective method to differentiate the soluble protein expression in E. coli.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
• /
• v.30 no.sup2
• /
• pp.322-327
• /
• 2001

Objectives : There are many kinds of method to evaluate neural decompression during operation. They are direct visual and manual inspection, intraoperative ultrasound, endoscope, intraoperative computed tomography and intraoperative myelography. We used intraoperative myelography to evaluate the proper decompression of neural elements during the decompressive surgery. Methods : We injected 10-20cc of nonionic water-soluble contrast materials through direct puncture site of exposed dura during operation or lower lumbar level or lumbar drain inserted preoperatively. 12 patients were included in this study. They were 7 patients of centrally herniated lumbar disc disease, 1 patient of multiple lumbar spinal stenosis, 2 patients of thoracic extradural tumor and 2 cervical fracture & dislocations. Results : 5 of 12 patients showed remained neural compression through intraoperative myelography, so they were operated further through other approach. Myelographic dye is heavier than CSF, so the dependent side of subarachnoid space was visualized only. In one case, CSF leakage through hemovac was detected, but it was treated only bed rest for 5 days after hemovac removal. Conclusion :Intraoperative myelography is an effective method to evaluate neural decompression during spinal surgery. This technique is easy and familiar to us, neurosurgeons.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
• /
• v.27 no.2
• /
• pp.129-135
• /
• 1999

EH-1 was highest at 9 days of incubation. This regrowth and enzymatic activity of Haloarcular sp. EH-1 was highest at 9 days of incubation. This amylase was purified by acetone fractionation, DEAG-Cellulose column chromatography, 1st Sephadex G-75 gel filtration, CM-Cellulose column chromatography and 2nd Sephadex G-75 gel filtration. The amylase was purified about 98.64 fold with a yield of 11.75%. The molecular weight of amylase was estimated to be about 43,000and 40,000 by gel filtration and SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, respectively, suggesting that the enzyme was a monomer. Amylase had an optimal temperature of 4$0^{\circ}C$, and an optimum pH of 7.0, and the thermal stability was observed the above 50% at 10$0^{\circ}C$ after 1 hour, and the stable range of pH was 6.0 to 8.0. The enzymatic activity was increased in the presence of 10 mM 2-mercaptoethanol, slightly by 10 mM SnCl2.2H2O.FeCl2.4H2O.CuCl2.2H2O.HgCl2.6H2O and SDS. End products from soluble starch were glucose, maltose and maltotriose, and Km value for soluble starch was 2.5mg/ml.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
• /
• v.34 no.2
• /
• pp.180-186
• /
• 1991

A water soluble antifungal antibiotic, Solumycin, was separated from the culture broth of Streptomyces sp. LAM-593, isolated from soil, by butanol extraction, alumina-, 1st and 2nd Sephadex LH-20 column chromatography. The substance was pale yellow crystal which gave a single spot at Rf value 0.24 with ethanol-ammonia water-water (8:1:1), 0.46 with butanol-ethanol-water (5:1:4), 0.84 with 50% methanol on silica gel TLC. It was dissolved well in water, methanol and acidic aq. butanol but not in ethanol, acetone, ethyl acetate, chloroform. acetic acid etc., and gave positive Fehling and Molish reaction. The UV spectrum in methanol showed absorption at 342, 361, 380, and 404 nm. The antibiotic was active against fungi such as Candide, Cryptococcus, Saccharomyces, Trichophyton and Trichosporon, but not to bacteria such as Bacillus, Escherichia and Staphylococcus.