• Korean Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.55 no.3
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• pp.221-230
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• 2022

The spread of invasive alien plants is one of the most important causes of habitat and biodiversity loss. This research was conducted to secure basic data for the control of the invasive alien plant Solidago altissima. The following research objects were examined: the control; one-time mowing in June (1M6); two-time mowing in June and July (2M6M7); one-time mowing in Jun plus one-time Uprooting in July (2M6U7). The length growth in October, when the growth of S. altissima was completed, was in the order of control (199±19.96 cm), 1M6 (152±13.41 cm), 2M6U7 (54±3.17 cm), and 2M6M7 (45±19.96 cm). The 2M6M7 and 2M6U7 treatment was the most effective at inhibiting S. altissima of density, of 50.8% and 26.2% compared to the control, respectively. In contrast, one-time mowing (1M6) resulted in an increase in density compared to the control by 119.7%. In addition, this treatment also reduced flowering rate (%) of S. altissima. The most effective treatment among those tested was 2M6U7.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Crop Science Conference
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• 2023.04a
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• pp.40-40
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• 2023

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.46 no.3
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• pp.353-358
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• 2018

Solidago virgaurea subsp. gigantea is native to Ulleung-do, island in East Sea, and cultivated as a vegetable in Korea. Rust fungus on this plant was first reported as Coleosporium asterum in 2014. Recent studies on Solidago-Coleosporium association mainly based on North American materials suggested that the Korean isolates of C. asterum on S. virgaurea subsp. gigantea reported in Korea might be placed in the C. solidaginis clade. Accordingly, to confirm this suggestion, three additional Korean samples were morphologically and molecularly studied and identified as C. solidaginis in current species concept. Three specimens on S. altissima (syn. S. canadensis) from China and Japan were previously determined to be phylogenetically differentiated from C. solidaginis, hinting at a cryptic species. Therefore, this is the first confirmed report on the presence of C. solidaginis on Solidago spp. in Asia.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Crop Science Conference
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• 2022.10a
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• pp.114-114
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• 2022

There are 28 families and 166 species of exotic weeds on agricultural land and among these, 23 families and 80 species of exotic weeds occur on pastures. Among them, the Solidago altissima is a perennial weed belonging to the asteraceae family and it is an exotic weed that spreads to the surrounding area using methods such as high seed production, vegetative propagation using underground rhizomes and allelochemical. Accordingly, in 2009, the Ministry of Environment designated it as an ecosystem-disrupting species. This study was conducted to obtain basic data about the effects of S.altissima derived allelochemicals on forage crops. The root of S.altissima was separated, dried in the shade and then pulverized to prepare an root powder. Powder was repeatedly extracted with methanol for 3 days and concentrated under reduced pressure to obtain an root methanol extract. Dissolve the extract in distilled water, dispense it in a separate-funnel and proceed with liquid-liquid extraction by adding equal amounts of n-haxane (Hex), chloroform (CHCI₃), ethyl acetate (EtoAC), and butanol (BuOH) in order of increasing polarity. A seed-bioassay was performed using fractions for each solvent, followed by separation and purification by silica gel column chromatography. As a result of the fraction germination test for each solvent, the IC₅₀ values using the fresh weight of each fraction were 898.3 mg L^-1, 676.3 mg L^-1, 1160 mg L^-1 and 1360 mg L^-1. CA, CB, and CC fractions were obtained through primary silica gel column chromatography that used CHCI₃ fraction. As a result of seed-bioassay using each fraction, the IC₅₀ values for the fresh weight of each fraction was 537.3 mg L^-1, 1280 mg L^-1 and 1947 mg L^-1. Based on this, 5 fractions were obtained as a result of secondary silica gel column chromatography using the CA fraction. A seed-bioassay was performed, as a result, the lowest IC₅₀ value was calculated as 226.7 mg L^-1 in the CAE fraction. Based on this, the fraction was analyzed by GC-MS. The results of this study can be used as basic research data on the effects of weeds on forage crops and allelochemicals secreted from S. altissima.

• Korean Journal of Organic Agriculture
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.303-319
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• 2014

The study researched germination of the plants and growth of experimented bacteria according to concentration of water extract in order to provide basic data for developing natural agricultural resources by using naturalized plants including Solidago altissima, Amaranthus retroflexus and Sida spinosa. As concentration of water extract increased, most of test plants showed a decrease in relative germinability. Sida spinosa(r=-0.540, p<0.01), Physalis wrightii(r=-0.693, p<0.01), Amaranthus retroflexu(r=-0.724, p<0.01), Solidago altissima(r=-0.728, p<0.01) and Eclipta prostrata(r=-0.779, p<0.01) showed tendency of decrease in relative germinative power in order, respectively. For average germination period, as concentration of the processed group increased, the time for germination increased (r = 0.769, p<0.01) and according to donor plants and test plants, there was a little difference. Also, as concentration of water extract of donor plant, length of above-aerial part(r=-0.587, p<0.01), length of underground part(r=-0.741, p<0.01), fresh weight(r=-0.574, p<0.01) and generation of root hair decreased. An then, for growth of test fungi according to concentration of water extract of donor plants, growths of Botrytis cinerea(r=-0.266, p<0.05), Diaporthe citri(r=-0.323 p<0.01), Colletotrichum gloeosporioides(r=-0.512, p<0.01), Pythiumultimum(r=-0.581, p<0.01) and Rhizoctonia solani(r=-0.806, p<0.01) were repressed in order, respectively. For total amount of content of phenol with herbicidal and Antifungal activities, S. altissima $17.3{\pm}0.5mg/g$, A. retroflexus $13.1{\pm}0.3mg/g$, P. wrightii $12.0{\pm}0.4mg/g$, S. spinosa $9.5{\pm}0.1mg/g$ and E. prostrata L. $4.1{\pm}0.1mg/g$ showed in order, respectively. As these results are summarized, donor plants which were naturalized, have competitive advantage because they release phenolic compounds with allelopathic effect and affect on germination, growth and fungi growth on underground flora compared to native plants and they have eligibility for natural herbicide and germicide.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.514-520
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• 2006

An abandoned mandarin orange orchard in southwestern Japan was set-stocked by Japanese Black cows at two stocking rates (1.0 and 2.0 animals/ha), and vegetation dynamics and diet selection by cattle were monitored for two years, in an effort to obtain information on effective use of abandoned agricultural fields for low-cost animal production and environmental conservation. Two dominant species at the commencement of grazing, kudzu (Pueraria lobata Ohwi) and tall goldenrod (Solidago altissima L.), showed different responses to grazing during the two years; the composition of kudzu decreased, contrasting with that of tall goldenrod which increased at both stocking rates. This was caused by high preference for kudzu and avoidance or low preference for tall goldenrod by cattle. Retrogression of vegetation due to cattle disturbances occurred at both stocking rates, with the high stocking rate leading to a lower degree of succession than the low stocking rate. It was shown that cattle grazing, particularly at a high stocking rate, was effective in the management of vegetation of an abandoned orchard.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.42 no.4
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• pp.371-378
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• 2011

Aldose reductase (AR) has been implicated in the development of the diabetic complications. To discover novel treatments for diabetic complications from natural sources, 65 Korean herbal medicines have been investigated for inhibitory activities on AR. Of these, 23 herbal medicines exhibited a significant inhibitory activity compared with 3,3-tetramethyleneglutaric acid (TMG). Particularly, 8 herbal medicines, Acer tataricum (twig, stem and leaf), Acer tataricum (fruit), Rhododendron schlippenbachii (twig, stem and leaf), Weigela subsessilis (twig, stem and leaf), Acer mono (branch and leaf), Ailanthus altissima (twig, stem and leaf), Lindera obtusiloba (branch and leaf), Solidago serotina (whole plant) showed three times more potent inhibitory activity than the positive control, TMG.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.81-96
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• 2021

The purpose of this study was conducted in order to provide the necessary basic data, to establish management solutions and to improve biodiversity by calculating similarity index, urbanization index (UI), and disturbed index (DI) to understand current status of naturalized and invasive alien plants in Eulsukdo, Maekdo and Samnak ecological parks in Busan, South Korea. The numbers of naturalized plants identified in these parks were 76 taxa; 20 families, 53 genera, and 76 species. As a result of the similarity index analysis, the most similarity level (83.0%) was obtained at Eulsukdo and Maekdo parks. The numbers of invasive plants identified in the two parks were 11 taxa; Rumex acetosella L., Sicyos angulatus L., Solanum carolinense L., Ambrosia artemisiifolia L., Ambrosia trifida L., Hypochaeris radicata L., Lactuca serriola L., Solidago altissima L., Symphyotrichum pilosum (Willd.) G.L.Nesom, Paspalum distichum L., and Humulus scandens (Lour.) Merr. Overall, UI and DI were 28.6% and 66.7%, respectively, indicating that the ecosystem disruption was serious.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.83-93
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• 2003

This study was conducted for an understanding of a threatened plant species,“Penthorum chinense”, which is a vegetation structure and environmental characteristic in the southern part of Ibaraki, Japan. We selected distribution and contiguity area where P. chinense is not distributed and we set up 69 sites by the quardrat method. The surveyed general characters in each site include mean-height, mean-coverage, moisture condition water depth coverage and depth of litter layer. We calculated the degree of succession by the survey data and grasped the main distribution area, vegetation structure, growth environment of P. chinense by TWINSPAN classification and DCA ordination. The results of this study are as follows. First, P. chinense habitat was categorized into the riverside and abandoned paddy fields. The riverside was influenced by natural disturbance caused by flooding and drought. These conditions led to a poor P. chinense growth. The abandoned paddy fields as the artificial disturbance area have high potential value, because the area can preserve P. chinense growth space by succession control and water management. second, we executed TWINSPAN analysis based on vegetation coverage data of survey sites. The vegetation types were classified into the three categories: annual plant flora(P. chinense dominates in wet state), perennial plant flora(Solidago altissima dominates in dry state), and perennial plant flora(Phragmites communis dominates in wet state). Third, the data was ordinated by DCA. The sample sequences along the first and second DCA axes effectively reflected moisture condition, number of species, mean height, coverage of litter layer and degree of succession. Especially, P. chinense flora has the high correlation with moisture condition and number of species.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.29 no.6
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• pp.579-603
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• 2020

In order to provide fundamental information about the floristic composition of the area along with an assessment of the environmental impact, a floristic study of the vascular plants in the Tamjin River estuary in Gangjin-gun was conducted for a total of nine days, in the period from June 2014 to September 2014. We found that the vascular plants in this region comprised 424 taxa belong to 102 families, 281 genera, 390 species, 5 subspecies, 26 varieties, and 3 forma. Five taxa of Korean endemic plants including Weigela subsessilis (Nakai) L.H.Bailey, Lespedeza maximowiczii var. tricolor (Nakai) Nakai, and Clematis trichotoma Nakai were collected. Two least concern (LC) taxa of rare plants (as designated by the Korea Forest Service) were collected: Hydrocharis dubia (Blume) Backer and Platycladus orientalis (L.) Franco. Ten the floristic regional indicator taxa from the third to the fifth grade were identified: two taxa belonged to grade IV, and eight taxa belonged to grade III. Twenty-four taxa of salt-tolerant plants, including Artemisia fukudo Makino, Carex rugulosa Kuk., and Suaeda glauca (Bunge) Bunge, as well as 44 taxa of aquatic plants, including Najas marina L., Nuphar oguraensis Miki, and Nymphoides indica (L.) Kuntze, were investigated in this region. Fifty-nine taxa of naturalized plants were recorded, among which the following six taxa were plants that caused ecosystem disturbance: Ambrosia artemisiifolia L., Humulus scandens (Lour.) Merr., Lactuca scariola L., Rumex acetosella L., Solidago altissima L., and Symphyotrichum pilosum (Willd.) G.L.Nesom.