• 한국대기환경학회지
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• 제16권5호
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• pp.499-509
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• 2000

Next to carbon dioxide, methane is the second largest contributor to global warming among anthropogenic greenhouse gases. Methane is emitted into the atmosphere from both natural and anthropogenic sources. Natural sources include wetlands, termites, wildries, ocean and freshwater. Anthropogenic sources include landfill, natural gas and oil production, and agriculture. These manmade sources account for about 70% of total global methane emissions; and among these, landfill accounts for approximately 10% of total manmade emissions. Solid waste landfills produce methane as bacteria decompose organic wastes under anaerobic conditions. Methane accounts for approximately 45 to 50 percent of landfill gas, while carbon dioxide and small quantities of other gases comprise the remaining to 50 to 55 percent. Using the closed enclosure technique, surface emission fluxes of methane from the selected landfill sites were measured. These data were used to estimate national methane emission rate from domestic landfills. During the three different periods, flux experiments were conducted at the sites from June 30 through December 26, 1999. The chamber technique employed for these experiments was validated in situ. Samples were collected directly by on-site flux chamber and analyzed for the variation of methane concentration by gas chromatography equipped with FID. Surface emission rates of methane were found out to vary with space and time. Significant seasonal variation was observed during the experimental period. Methane emission rates were estimated to be 64.5$\pm$54.5mgCH$_4$/$m^2$/hr from Kimpo landifll site. 357.4$\pm$68.9mgCH$_4$/$m^2$/hr and 8.1$\pm$12.4mgCH$_4$/$m^2$/hr at KwanJu(managed and unmanaged), 472.7$\pm$1056mgCH$_4$/$m^2$/hr at JonJu, and 482.4$\pm$1140 mgCH$_4$/$m^2$/hr at KunSan. These measurement data were used for the extrapolation of national methane emission rate based on 1997 national solid waste data. The results were compared to those derived by theoretical first decay model suggested by IPCC guidelines.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• 제42권4호
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• pp.191-198
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• 2018

Improper management and unsanitary approaches are implemented in disposal of leachate, which has resulted in groundwater pollution at village Uruli Devachi, Pune, India. Various physico-chemical treatment methods are commercially available for leachate treatment. However, the application of biological methods viz. phytoremediation to the municipal solid waste landfill leachate has been limited. We report the remediation ability of Typha aungstifolia and Acrorus calamus that is capable of reducing hazardous constituents from the landfill leachate. After 96 h of hydraulic retention time (HRT), it was observed that T. aungstifolia-treated sample showed high reduction potential in reducing biochemical oxygen demand, chemical oxygen demand, hardness, total dissolved solids, Na, Mg, Ca and Ni whereas A. calamus showed greater reduction capacity for alkalinity, Cl, Cu, Zn and Cr. Furthermore, it was also observed that T. aungstifolia withstood longer HRT than A. calamus. In situ application of T. aungstifolia and A. calamus for remediation of landfill leachate carries a tremendous potential that needs to be further explored.

• 유기물자원화
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.43-51
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• 2018

본 연구의 목적은 호기성 매립지에서 함수율 및 수분주입 방법이 폐기물 분해에 미치는 영향을 평가하는데 있다. 초기 함수율(20%, 30%, 40% 및 50%)이 매립 폐기물 분해에 미치는 영향을 평가하기 위해 호흡율 실험을 수행하였다. 그 결과 누적 산소소모량과 산소 소모율은 초기 함수율에 의해 크게 영향을 받는 것으로 나타났으며, 초기 함수율이 증가할수록 증가하였다. 둘째, 매립지 내부 수분주입 방법으로서 드라이포그 시스템의 효율을 평가하기 위해 모의매립 실험을 수행하였다. 실험 결과 수분의 수직 주입방법과 비교하여 드라이포그 시스템이 유기성 폐기물의 분해를 촉진함을 보여 주었다. 또한 드라이포그 시스템은 수직 주입방식보다 매립지 내부에서 더욱 균일한 수분 분포를 나타내었다.

• 에너지공학
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• 제26권1호
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• pp.76-83
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• 2017

In this paper, the carbon resources recycling of the overview of coffee waste generation in Vietnam. Since few years, there has been a significant research studies was done in the areas of coffee waste generation areas and also waste water generation from coffee production. The coffee residue (solid) and waste water (liquid) both are caused the underground water contamination and also soil contamination. These residues contain high organic matter and acid content leads to the severe threat to environment. In second stage of coffee production process, the major solid residue was generated. Various solid residues such as spent coffee grounds, defective coffee beans and coffee husks) pose several environmental concerns and specific problems associated with each type of residue. Due to the unlimited usage of coffee, the waste generation is high. At the same time, some researchers have been investigated the spent coffee wastes are the valuable sources for various valuable compounds. Biodiesel or biomass productions from coffee waste residues are the best available utilization method for preventing the landfill problems of coffee waste residues.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제12권10호
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• pp.4679-4688
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• 2011

본 연구는 신재생에너지 활용을 위하여 강원도의 B 지자체를 대상으로 폐기물 발생특성에 따른 매립가스 발생량 및 자원화 가능성에 대하여 연구하였다. B 지자체의 생활폐기물 평균 겉보기 밀도는 144 kg/$m^3$로, 가스 물질 및 연료화 가능성 물질인 가연성 평균 폐기물 조성비는 종이류 36.0 %, 비닐 플라스틱류 21.6 %, 음식물류 19.7 %로 조사되었다. 발열량 분석결과, 고위발열량(습윤) 3,471 $kca{\ell}$/kg, 저위발열량(습윤) 2,941 $kca{\ell}$/kg로 측정되었으며, 특히 음식물류 폐기물의 매립지 직매립이 금지된 후 에는 발열량이 높은 종이류와 비닐 플라스틱의 비율이 증가하여 발열량이 증가한 것으로 나타났다. 매립지에서 발생하는 메탄가스는 2021년(2,505.7 CH4 ton/year)을 정점으로 점차 감소하는 것으로 예측되었는데, 특히 RDF(Refuse Derived Fuel) 제조시설이 설치되면 2013년(1,956.9 CH4 ton/year)을 정점으로 감소되는 것으로 예측되었다. B 지자체의 매립지에서 발생하는 매립가스(Land Fill Gas; LFG) 추정량은 9.92 $m^3$/min 로 예측되어 타 지자체에서 발생하는 매립가스 추정량(10.11 $m^3$/min)과 유사하게 조사되었다.

• 산업경영시스템학회지
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• 제23권59호
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• pp.105-118
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• 2000

The rise in population and the increase of urbanization and industrial growth has resulted in an ever-increasing volume of municipal solid waste that must be regularly collected, transported, and ultimately disposed of. Therefore, over the last decade the public, commercial and legislative awareness of environmental issues has been increased dramatically on earth particularly some industrial countries which has a shortage of landfill capacity. A quality, cost and delivery lead-time are usually considered as the competitive factors for each industry. However, the concepts of environmental issue are emerging common terms and concerns more seriously. More attention than ever is being focused on the recycling and source reduction techniques to reduce the total volume of waste. Unfortunately, however, a shortage of landfill capacity and increasing disposal cost requests a fundamental solution about the environmental issue. That is the remanufacturing which allow manufacturers to minimize waste, production cost and to turn end-of-life product into a profitable product. The objectives of this research were to growth the remanufacturing system by suggesting issues and implementation methods for the remanufacturing. In order to accomplish these objectives, we introduced backgrounds of appearance and benefits of the remanufacturing.

• 대한안전경영과학회지
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• 제3권3호
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• pp.201-211
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• 2001

The most general treatment method of municipal solid waste is a landfill. The LFG (landfill gas) migration is a serious problem in environmental aspect. The object of this study is to present the possibility of LFG utilization as a replacement or supplementary fuel for local energy -demand. We have developed the EXCEL program for the economic analysis.

• 한국지하수토양환경학회지:지하수토양환경
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• 제14권4호
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• pp.1-9
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• 2009

This paper presents current condition of landfills in Indonesia and the problems exist. It also presents a review of study on abandoned landfill in Bandung, West Java where the actual problems can be seen and an insight to the solutions were developed.

• 환경위생공학
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• 제13권3호
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• pp.93-101
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• 1998

This study was carried out to investigate and analyze the citizen's attitude for the issue of the municipal solid wastes in Miryang city. The waste generation rate was decreased by 56% compared with 1991, and 71.8% of generated wastes were treated by landfill method. 61.6% among respondents were contacted waste problem by TV and the majority of respondents felt seriousness of food-waste problem. The majority of people felt that waste discharge decreased after "volume-base charge system" and 71% of total respondents were burdened down with use of volume-base charge envelope. The greater part of citizens answered that they experienced damage due to wastes and satisfied with the collection system but they recognized the necessity of the establishment of collection system and increase of cleaners must be nessary.

• 한국폐기물자원순환학회지
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• 제35권7호
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• pp.606-615
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• 2018

Over the past two decades, the options for solid waste management have been changing from land disposal to recycling, waste-to-energy, and incineration due to growing attention for resource and energy recovery. In addition, the reduction of greenhouse gas (GHG) emission has become an issue of concern in the waste sector because such gases often released into the atmosphere during the waste management processes (e.g., biodegradation in landfills and combustion by incineration) can contribute to climate change. In this study, the emission and reduction rates of GHGs by the municipal solid waste (MSW) management options in D city have been studied for the years 1996-2016. The emissions and reduction rates were calculated according to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change guidelines and the EU Prognos method, respectively. A dramatic decrease in the waste landfilled was observed between 1996 and 2004, after which its amount has been relatively constant. Waste recycling and incineration have been increased over the decades, leading to a peak in the GHG emissions from landfills of approximately $63,323tCO_2\;eq/yr$ in 2005, while the lowest value of $35,962tCO_2\;eq/yr$ was observed in 2016. In 2016, the estimated emission rate of GHGs from incineration was $59,199tCO_2\;eq/yr$. The reduction rate by material recycling was the highest ($-164,487tCO_2\;eq/yr$) in 2016, followed by the rates by heat recovery with incineration ($-59,242tCO_2\;eq/yr$) and landfill gas recovery ($-23,922tCO_2\;eq/yr$). Moreover, the cumulative GHG reduction rate between 1996 and 2016 was $-3.46MtCO_2\;eq$, implying a very positive impact on future $CO_2$ reduction achieved by waste recycling as well as heat recovery of incineration and landfill gas recovery. This study clearly demonstrates that improved MSW management systems are positive for GHGs reduction and energy savings. These results could help the waste management decision-makers supporting the MSW recycling and energy recovery policies as well as the climate change mitigation efforts at local government level.