• 한국지하수토양환경학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지하수토양환경학회 2004년도 임시총회 및 추계학술발표회
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• pp.223-226
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• 2004

The importance of a proper sample preparation and analysis technique has getting attention due to the complicity of toxic elements of interest from environmental samples depend on analytical purposes. It is critical to use proper analytical method to evaluate trace elements concentration in many environmental samples especially for making remediation decisions. Therefore, it is critical to apply a proper sampling and analytical method such as EPA publication SW-846 (Test Methods for Evaluating Solid Waste, Physical/chemical Methods). The objective of this study was to compare the USEPA Methods 3050B, modified 3050B, 305 la, and KBSI method (modified EPA 3052 Method) in term of recovery rate of metals. The NIST SRM (Montana soil) was used to compare the extraction and digestion efficiency. After sample has been collected the analysis were achieved by ICP-MS (Elan 6100, Perkin Elmer) as well as ICP-AES (Ultima 2C, JY) for trace elements and major elements.

• 대한화학회지
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• 제58권3호
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• pp.283-288
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• 2014

A column solid phase extraction procedure based on modified polyurethane foam (PUF) by a newly synthesized Schiff base ionophore, named 2,2'-{iminobis[propane-3,1-diylnitrilo(1E)prop-1-yl-1-ylidene]}diphenol, was developed for preconcentration step of trace amounts determination of copper ions in water samples by atomic absorption flame spectroscopy. The influence of parameters on the adsorption process such as sample pH, amount of modified PUF packed in the column, type and volume of stripping reagent and its flow rate were investigated and optimized. Under optimum experimental conditions, the calibration graph was linear in a relatively wide range ($0.005-210{\mu}g/ml$) with a limit of detection $0.002{\mu}g/ml$ of copper. The proposed method allows achieving to a concentration factor of >133. The capacity of a column (1.6 cm i.d.) packed by 6 g of PUF modified by 12 mg of the Schiff base was found to be $247.7({\pm}2.1){\mu}g$ of copper. It was found that the adsorption process was highly selective towards copper ions with respect to some associated metal ions. The presented procedure was successfully applied for determination of copper in some water samples.

• 한국환경보건학회지
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• 제36권1호
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• pp.44-51
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• 2010

This study aimed to develop analytical method for 8-isoprostanes as biomarkers for oxidative stress with LC/MS/MS technique and to apply the method for human urine samples. Analyzed compounds for urinary oxidative stress markers were 7 stereo-isomers of prostaglandins and the internal standard (iso-$PGF_{2{\alpha}}-d_4$) was used to adjust the recovery rate. The method for determining urinary iso-$PGF_{2{\alpha}}$ consisted of solid phase extraction and LC/MS/MS detection. Separation of isomers of prostaglandins completed by porous graphitic carbon column and buffer solution. Detection limits for urinary markers of oxidative stress, iso-$PGF_{2{\alpha}}$ with LC/MS/MS were 0.01 ng/ml by S/N ratio 3 and 0.028 ng/ml by calculated as to FDA method. The recovery (92.8~101.9%) and precision (8.8~20.7%) of analysis were feasible for detecting iso-$PGF_{2{\alpha}}$ in real human urine samples. We detected 4 isomers of prostaglandins in human urine samples. Mean (standard deviation) of urinary iso-$PGF_{2{\alpha}}$ concentration were 0.231 (0.117) ng/mg creatinine for smoking group and 0.154 (0.082) ng/mg creatinine for non-smoking group.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제45권1호
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• pp.43-50
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• 2012

Two typical animal waste management practices, composting and stockpiling, were evaluated for their effect on the degradation of three veterinary antibiotics (VAs), chlortetracycline (CTC), tylosin (TYL), and monensin (MNS). The VAs were applied to horse manure plots subject to composting or stockpiling, and core samples were collected over a period of time. Selected buffer solutions were used to extract the VAs and analysis for concentration was conducted with solid phase extraction (SPE) followed by high performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC/MS/MS) technique. The VAs demonstrated rapid dissipation within ten days followed by a gradual decrease in concentration until the end of the experimental period (141 days). All three VAs degraded more rapidly in the composting samples than in the stockpiling samples, particularly between 20 and 60 days of the observation period. Degradation of the three VAs generally followed a first-order kinetic model, and a fitted model with a calculated rate constant was determined for each treatment. TYL in composting showed the fastest degradation, with a calculated rate constant of $0.91day^{-1}$; the slowest degradation was exhibited by MNS in stockpiling, with rate constant of $0.17day^{-1}$. Calculated correlation coefficients ranged from 0.89 to 0.96, indicating a strong correlation between measured concentrations and fitted values in this study. Although concentration of TYL in composting treatment showed below detection limit during the test period, this study suggests that composting can reduce animal waste contaminants prior to field application as fertilizer.

• 한국환경농학회지
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• 제33권2호
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• pp.69-77
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• 2014

BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of clothianidin on the soil in terms of clothianidin dissipation and degradation to evaluate its safety in order to provide an analytical foundation for clothianidin and the 5 metabolites related to it. METHODS AND RESULTS: High-performance liquid chromatography(HPLC) was used to separate clothianidin and its metabolites in this study. In soil, after suppressing dissociation-proned ions with weak alkalic $NH_4OH$ and extracting the metabolites with methanol, clothianidin, Methylaminoimidazole(MAI), Methylnitroguanidine(MNG), Thiazolylmethylurea(TZMU) and Thiazolylnitroguanidine(TZNG). Thiazolylmethylguanidine(TMG) were extracted with the addition of neutral $NH_4OAC$ to increasing the intensity of ions. Compounding elements were separated by using Hydrometrix ($ChemElut^{TM}$) and ion-exchanging Solid-phase extraction(SPE) Strong cation-exchanger(SCX) and C18 were used. The recovery rates of clothianidin and 5 metabolites in soil and water ranged from 87.4% to 104.3%. A standard deviation of our analysis for the soil and water samples were less than 5%. CONCLUSION: Well accepted detection limits for clothianidin and 5 metabolites in soil samples based on a dissipation analysis is 0.005 mg/kg and 0.001 mg/L in water samples. The dissipation concentration of this study was decided to be enough to evaluate the dissipation levels of clothianidin and its metabolites.

• 한국환경농학회지
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• 제36권3호
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• pp.154-160
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• 2017

본 연구는 하천수 중 bisphenol계 화합물 종 6 (BPA, BPB, BPC, BPE, BPF, BPS)을 동시분석하기 위하여 GC-MS를 이용하였다. 또한 최적의 전처리 방법을 확립하고자 SPE 및 LLE법을 이용하여 표준시료로부터 검량선의 직선성, MDL, LOQ, 정확도 및 정밀도를 비교하였다. SPE 및 LLE 전처리 방법에 의한 MDL은 각각 $0.0005{\sim}0.0234{\mu}g/L$와 $0.0037{\sim}0.2034{\mu}g/L$, LOQ는 각각 $0.0015{\sim}0.0744{\mu}g/L$와 $0.0117{\sim}0.6477{\mu}g/L$, 검량선의 결정계수($r^2$)는 모두 0.9969이상 정확도는 각각 93.2~108%와 97.4~120%, 정밀도는 각각 1.7~4.6%와 0.7~6.5%범위로 만족한 정도관리 결과를 얻었다. 하지만 SPE법에 의한 MDL 및 LOQ 값은 LLE법보다 약 4~45배 정도 높은 감도를 보였고, 특히 BPA의 경우는 다른 화합물들보다 45배 정도 높았다. 따라서, 본 연구에서는 SPE법을 적용하여 하천수 시료를 분석하였고, 조사지점은 본류 7개, 지류 6개, 하수종말처리장 2개 지점을 선정하였다. Bisphenol계 화합물 중에서 BPB, BPC, BPE, BPF 및 BPS는 모두 불검출 되었으나, BPA 농도는 $0.0095{\sim}0.2583{\mu}g/L$ 범위로 본류 $0.0166{\sim}0.0810{\mu}g/L$, 지류 $0.0095{\sim}0.2583{\mu}g/L$, 하수종말처리장$0.0352{\sim}0.1217{\mu}g/L$으로 미량 수준이었다.

• 환경생물
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.135-140
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• 2005

In order to construct an artificial cultivation of Nostoc flagelliforme on solid medium, we attempted to assess the viability of approaches, which utilized either BG-11 agar or sand medium using both sterile and non-sterile algal segments. In the trial in which the BG -11 agar medium was inoculated with the non-sterile algal segments, the algae exhibited the rapid growth in the initial 4 days of cultivation. However, after 4 days of cultivation, the growth rate of the algae slowed, and the algal growth was completely stopped by 7 days of cultivation. When the BG -11 medium was inoculated with the sterile algal segments, the algae exhibited the rapid growth for a longer period of 8 days, reaching a length of 24.9 mm. The growth rate during this period was measured to be $24.5\%$. After the 8 days of cultivation, the algal growth rate began to slow and had almost stopped by the 13 days of cultivation. On the other hand, when the sterile algal segments were inoculated onto a sand plate, the algal segments decomposed, reaching total decomposition after 11 days of cultivation. By way of contrast, the desiccation treatment samples continued to grow for 14 days of cultivation. After 14 days of cultivation, the algae achieved a length of 26.1 mm, with a growth rate of $30.6\%$. Our results indicate that periodic desiccation may constitute an effective strategy for the prevention of algal decomposition.

• 대한환경공학회지
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• 제35권12호
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• pp.906-917
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• 2013

본 연구에서는 고상 미세추출법(HS-SPME)을 적용하여 대기환경시료 중 VOCs 분석을 위한 응용성을 평가하고자 하였다. 광범위한 VOCs 검출을 위한 최적 HS-SPME 분석 조건(CAR/PDMS fiber, 30분 시료노출, 도출된 분석조건)에서 VOCs의 검출 한계 농도는 저분자량 화합물인 경우 1~3 ppbv 내외였고, BTEXs 계열 화합물들의 경우에는 0.0005 ppbv 이하의 매우 낮은 농도까지 검출 가능하였다. 다만 fiber들 간의 흡착효율 재현성 평가결과, 동일 fiber에 대하여 1~9.2% (n = 3), 서로 다른 fiber들에 대하여서는 5.9~13.5% (n = 5)의 오차를 보였다. 도출된 분석조건을 이용하여 매립지 가스 중 BTEX를 포함한 35여종의 VOCs를 성공적으로 정량분석하였다.

• 대한환경공학회지
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• 제22권5호
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• pp.849-859
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• 2000

미세조류의 전처리에 따른 용해효과와 메탄발효과정의 분해특성을 살폈다. 조류의 화학적 특성은 VS가 TS의 86.1%를 차지하고 단백질이 VS의 63.5%를 차지했다. 또 C : N : P는 26.4 : 4.9 : 1이었다. 용존성물질을 기준한 각 처리방법별 용해(lysis)효과는 처리시간 및 처리온도가 커질수록 증가했고 무처리에 비해 초음파(100분) 7.7배, 초음파(10분) 4.5배, 열처리($120^{\circ}C$) 3.5배, 열처리($50^{\circ}C$) 2.9배, 알칼리처리(pH 13) 6.1배 및 산처리(pH 3) 2.6배로 초음파처리가 가장 효과적이었다. VFA중 초산의 농도는 전처리 조류가 무처리에 비해 전반적으로 높게 나타나 전처리가 유기산 생성에 효과적이었고 생성농도는 초음파, 산 알칼리, 열처리 순으로 높았다. 프로피온산은 초음파, 산처리, 열처리순으로 높게 나타났다. Vial test 결과, 전처리 시료의 메탄함량은 시간경과와 더불어 증가하는 경향을 나타내었으나, 알칼리처리 시료의 경우 저해현상을 나타내었다. 25일째의 총가스 및 메탄생성량은 초음파(100분), 무처리, 열처리($120^{\circ}C$), 열처리($50^{\circ}C$), 산처리(pH 3), 초음파(10분) 및 알칼리 처리(pH 13) 순으로 높게 나타났다.

• 공업화학
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• 제26권6호
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• pp.686-691
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• 2015

본 연구에서는 SRF 성상 변화(RDF, RPF)와 성형 조건 형태(pellet, fluff)에 따른 SRF의 활용을 위한 기초연구로서 SRF의 물리화학적 특성, 연소시간에 따른 고형연료제품의 열적 감량 변화 및 발생되는 배출 가스(NOx, CO, HCl 등) 특성 연구를 수행함으로써 에너지원으로서의 활용을 위한 실험을 진행하였다. 실험결과, RPF 시료가 RDF 시료보다 폐기물의 조성이 플라스틱계열 폐기물로 균일한 성상으로 구성하고 있어 성형에 유리하고 발열량이 높으며, 연소성이 우수하여 연소감량효과도 크며 연소시간도 단축할 수 있을 것으로 판단된다. 또한, fluff 시료가 pellet 시료에 비해 접촉 표면적이 넓어 연소시간도 단축되어 연소효율이 우수하며, 성형에 필요한 자원을 절감할 수 있어 에너지 활용가치가 우수할 것으로 판단된다.