• Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment
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• v.19 no.6
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• pp.733-743
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• 2003

The flow field in multiple fluid sphere systems was studied analytically. The expanded zero vorticity cell model based on Kuwabara's theory (1959) was applied and the effects of gas slippage at the collecting surface were considered. Also, the solid sphere system was extended to fluid sphere including the effects of the induced internal circulation inside the liquid droplet spheres or gas bubble systems. As a result, the obtained analytic solution was converged to the existing solutions for flow field around solid and bubble sphere systems with proper boundary conditions. Based on the resolved flow field, the terminal velocity around the collecting fluid spheres was obtained. Subsequently, this study evaluated the most general solution for flow field around the multiple fluid sphere systems. The obtained flow field in multiple fluid sphere could be used as a fundamental consideration of wet scrubber design and devices for removing particles by fluid-fluid interactions.

• Korean Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Engineering
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.263-268
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• 2007

The pressure drop and heat transfer coefficient were measured at room temperature in a CFB heat exchanger with multiple vertical tubes. The circulation rate of solid particles was also measured. The theoretical model for predicting heat transfer coefficient using the solid flowrate was developed in this study. The model predictions were compared with the measured heat transfer coefficient to show relatively good agreement.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Precision Engineering
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• v.12 no.11
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• pp.74-81
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• 1995

Several non-manifold data structures have been compared, which are radial-edge data structure, partial-face data structure, vertex-based data structure, and Yamaguchi's data structrue. All the entities in the data structures are classified into common entities and special entities. The entities are also classified as model entities, primitive entities bounding entities, and coupling entities. The four data structures for nonmanifold solid modelers are compared in terms of accessing efficiency, storage requirements, and inclusion of circulation. The results of comparison will serve as the basis to develope a nonmanifold modeler.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers Conference
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• 2007.06a
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• pp.37-38
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• 2007

It needs several large reservoirs and long time to remove suspended solid like steel fines and iron oxide in hot rolling coolant. If removing rate of suspended solid in rolling coolant is improved by using high gradient magnetic separation (HGMS) system, the productivity of working process can be increased and the area of reservoir can be reduced. Pre-treatment process that react magnetic floc with inorganic and organic flocculant in coolant was studied. Horizontal type superconducting HGMS system was manufactured successfully, which was constituted with automatic filter transportation apparatus, 6 T He-free superconducting magnet system and water circulation system. The solid suspension removal ratio in hot rolling coolant was increased by flocculation with inorganic and organic flocculant.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Manufacturing Process Engineers
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.44-51
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• 2019

With the goal of tissue regeneration for organs damaged through an accident or a disease, research on tissue engineering has been conducted to produce 3-D scaffolds that can support the cells in the attachment and growth for the cell proliferation and differentiation. A scaffold requires a suitable pore size and porosity to increase the nutrient circulation or oxygen supply for the attachment and growth of cells. The existing production methods such as solvent-casting particulate leaching, phase separation, and fiber bonding have certain disadvantages. With these methods, it is difficult to obtain a free desired shape. In addition, certain pore sizes and interconnectivities among the pores may not be guaranteed. To solve these problems, this study has fabricated a scaffold with a 3-D shaped nose using Alginate, which is a natural polymer obtained through Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM), one of the CAD/CAM-based Solid Freeform Fabrication (SFF) methods.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.5 no.4
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• pp.315-319
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• 1998

In order to study the effect of packing materials on the quality of fares during storage period, grapes (Campbell Early) were packed with different materials such as expendable folystyrene (EPS) box, paper board box, biopaper board box, paper board box + small box, EPS box + (EPS dish + Bio-PE film sealing), md EPS box + (EPS dish + wrap sealing). The fruit weight loss was increased with the storage period by all the treatments. Weight loss was 6.38% lower in the EPS box+ (EPS dish + Bio film sealing) during 15 days of storage and 5.53% lower in EPS box + (EPS dish + wrap sealing) than that in the EPS box. The abnormal fruits were more increased in the sealing packing than in the non-sealing packing since water transpiration was prevented in the sealing treatment. Wilting fruits were also fewer in the sealing packing than that in the non-sealing treatment. The taste and appearance quality were worsened with increasing the storage days, whereas the appearance quality of the grapes in the bio paper board box was better. Hardness was scarecely changed in the EP5 box+ (EPS dish + Bio-PE film sealing) treatment than those by the other treatments. The soluble solid and acidity showed very little change but soluble solid content was more decreased in the sealing packing than that by the non-sealing treatment.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• v.50 no.3
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• pp.492-498
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• 2012

In this study, hydrodynamics such as solid circulation rate and voidage in the desulfurizer and the reaction characteristics of Zn-based solid sorbents were investigated using lab-scale high pressure and high temperature desulfurization process. The continuous HGD (Hot Gas Desulfurization) process consist of a fast fluidized bed type desulfurizer (6.2 m tall pipe of 0.015 m i.d), a bubbling fluidized bed type regenerator (1.6 m tall bed of 0.053 m i.d), a loop-seal and the pressure control valves. The solid circulation rate was measured by varying the slide-gate opening positions, the gas velocities and temperatures of the desulfurizer and the voidage in the desulfurizer was derived by the same way. At the same gas velocities and the same opening positions of the slide gate, the solid circulation rate, which was similar at the temperature of $300^{\circ}C$ and $550^{\circ}C$, was low at those temperatures compared with a room temperature. The voidage in the desulfurizer showed a fast fluidized bed type when the opening positions of the slide gate were 10~20% while that showed a turbulent fluidized bed type when those of slide gate were 30~40%. The reaction characteristics of Zn-based solid sorbent were investigated by different desulfurization temperatures at 20 atm in the continuous operation. The $H_2S$ removal efficiency tended to decrease below the desulfurization temperature of $450^{\circ}C$. Thus, the 10 hour continuous operation has been performed at the desulfurization temperature of $500^{\circ}C$ in order to maintain the high $H_2S$ removal efficiency. During 10 hour continuous operation, the $H_2S$ removal efficiency was above 99.99% because the $H_2S$ concentration after desulfurization was not detected at the inlet $H_2S$ concentration of 5,000 ppmv condition using UV analyzers (Radas2) and the detector tube (GASTEC) which lower detection limit is 1 ppmv.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.56 no.3
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• pp.1037-1051
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• 2024

This paper presents the construction results and design of the UNIST Reactor Innovation platform for small modular reactors as a versatile testbed for exploring innovative technologies. The platform uses simulant fluids to simulate the thermal-hydraulic behavior of a reference small modular reactor design, allowing for cost-effective design modifications. Scaling analysis results for single and two-phase natural circulation flows are outlined based on the three-level scaling methodology. The platform's capability to simulate natural circulation behavior was validated through performance calculations using the 1-D system thermal-hydraulic code-based calculation. The strategies for evaluating cutting-edge technologies, such as the integration of a solid oxide electrolysis cell for hydrogen production into a small modular reactor, are presented. To overcome experimental limitations, the hardware-in-the-loop technique is proposed as an alternative, enabling real-time simulation of physical phenomena that cannot be implemented within the experimental facility's hardware. Overall, the proposed versatile innovation platform is expected to provide valuable insights for advancing research in the field of small modular reactors and nuclear-based hydrogen production.

• Clean Technology
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.62-68
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• 2011

Hydrodynamic characteristics in multistage annular type fluidized bed (riser: $0.01{\times}0.025{\times}2.8m^3$, J-valve: $0.009{\times}0.015m^2$)were investigated. Glass beads ($d_p=101{\mu}m$, ${\rho}_b=1,590kg/m^3$, $U_{mf}=1.25{\times}10^{-2}m/s$, Geldart classification B) was used as a bed material. Accumulated weight by the electronic balance was measured to determine the solid flow rate in batch-type. In circulation condition, we measured the accumulated weight of particle transported from riser. At the steady state condition, solid circulation rate was calculated from time interval of the heated bed material passing between two thermocouples. Solid flow rate increased with increasing inlet gas velocity ($1.2-2.6U_{mf}$) and the static bed height (z, 0.24-0.68 m) from 2.2 to 23.4 kg/s. However, mean residence time decreased with increasing inlet gas velocity ($1.2-2.6U_{mf}$) and the static bed height (z, 0.24-0.68 m) from 1,438 to 440 s. The solid holdup in the riser was determined by measuring pressure differences according to the riser height. These results showed a similar trend to that of simple exponential decay type except for the top section of the riser. To verify the gas bypassing from top bubbling beds to middle bubbling beds, $CO_2$ gas was injected by tracer gas in constant ratio, and then was measured $CO_2$ concentration in outlet gas by gas chromatography. Gas bypassing occurred below 2.6% which is negligible value.

• Clean Technology
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.69-77
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• 2011

The intrinsic $CO_2$ separation and hydrogen production system is a novel concept using oxidation and reduction reactions of oxygen carrier for both $CO_2$ capture and high purity hydrogen production. The process consists of a fuel reactor (FR), a steam reactor (SR) and an air reactor (AR). The natural gas ($CH_4$) is oxidized to $CO_2$ and steam by the oxygen carrier in FR, whereas the steam is reduced to hydrogen by oxidation of the reduced oxygen carrier in SR. The oxygen carrier is fully oxidized by air in AR. In the present study, the chemical looping moving bed reactor having 200 L/h hydrogen production capacity is designed and the hydrodynamic properties were determined. Compared with other reactors, two moving bed reactors (FR, SR) were used to obtain high conversion and selectivity of the oxygen carrier. The desirable solid circulation rates are calculated to be in the range of $20{\sim}100kg/m^2s$ from the conceptual design. The solid circulation rate can be controlled by aeration in a loop-seal. To maintain the gas velocity in the moving beds (FR, SR) at the minimum fluidization velocity is found to be suitable for the stable operation. The solid holdup in moving beds decrease with increasing gas velocity and solid circulation rate.