• 한국식품영양학회지
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.141-148
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• 1991

In order to Investigate the extraction mechanism of barley tea in cylindrical packed column, pilot plant scale packed column was designed and constructed. And extraction conditions for steady flow in the packed column were searched. The main results of this study are as follows ; 1. Circulation of the stock barley tea before the extraction running was indispensable In consideration of inequality, gas, particles existed in packed bed. Solid-liquid equilibrium was initially maintained after the circulation. 2. Flow direction of solvent must be up-flow for maintaining the constant bed height and flow rate during the extraction. Paessure drop in pucked bed was similar to decrease ratio of extract concentration. 3. The porosity of packed bed was in the range of 0.24∼0.36 according to the particle sloe. And it was decreased as the particle size became smaller.

• 태양에너지
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.31-36
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• 1986

In this paper heat transfer characteristics in air-solid packed bed with spherical steel particles are studied experimentally. The effect of particle sizes (${\phi}1.5,\;{\phi}2.5,\;{\phi}3.96,\;{\phi}4.75,\;{\phi}5.95,\;{\phi}7.15$), bed sizes (${\phi}50,\;{\phi}60,\;{\phi}70,\;{\phi}80$) and mass flow rate are investigated. Also heat transfer effect of the bed with particles and without particles is compared in terms of heat transfer coefficient. As a result of this experiments, the following relation is obtained in the range of the Reynolds numbers 40 between 1500. $Nu= 0.8755\;Re^{0.6367}$ (40

• 한국에너지공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국에너지공학회 2000년도 춘계 학술발표회 논문집
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• pp.143-146
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• 2000

• 반도체디스플레이기술학회지
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• 제14권4호
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• pp.38-44
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• 2015

In this paper, numerical simulations on conical fluidized bed combustors were carried out to estimate the effect of coefficients of restitution between particle and particle and particle to wall on hydrodynamics and heat transfer. The Eulerian-Eulerian two-fluid model was used to simulate the hydrodynamics and heat transfer in a conical fluidized bed combustor. The solid phase properties were calculated by applying the kinetic theory of granular flow. Simulations results show that increasing the restitution coefficient between the particle and particle results in increasing the bed pressure drop. On other hand, the increasing of particle to wall coefficient of restitution results in decreasing the bed pressure drop. It is found that the coefficient of restitution has little effect on heat transfer.

• 한국폐기물자원순환학회지
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• 제34권7호
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• pp.685-696
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• 2017

This study focuses on computational particle fluid dynamics (CPFD) modeling for the fast pyrolysis of biomass in a conical spouted bed reactor. The CPFD simulation was conducted to understand the hydrodynamics, heat transfer, and biomass fast pyrolysis reaction of the conical spouted bed reactor and the multiphase-particle in cell (MP-PIC) model was used to investigate the fast pyrolysis of biomass in a conical spouted bed reactor. A two-stage semi-global kinetics model was applied to model the fast pyrolysis reaction of biomass and the commercial code (Barracuda) was used in simulations. The temperature of solid particles in a conical spouted bed reactor showed a uniform temperature distribution along the reactor height. The yield of fast pyrolysis products from the simulation was compared with the experimental data; the yield of fast pyrolysis products was 74.1wt.% tar, 17.4wt.% gas, and 8.5wt.% char. The comparison of experimental measurements and model predictions shows the model's accuracy. The CPFD simulation results had great potential to aid the future design and optimization of the fast pyrolysis process for biomass.

• 한국해양공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국해양공학회 2000년도 추계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.196-203
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• 2000

In this study, the evaluation method of diffusion characteristics of Suspended Soli&SS) and the generation limit(source and thick) are investigated, which is significantly affecting on marine examined by construction works such as dredging and reclamation. Dispersion characteristics of SS is examined by hydraulic tests and numerical works in consideration with the Pusan Port. Hydraulic model test was performed in 2-D wave flume to find the limit wave conditon of re-suspension of solid as well as the time dependent characteristics of settlement The results obtainded in the study are as follows; 1) The quantituative evaluation af SS is the basic parameter of marine environmental impact assessment in related with the port development The SS increases as the water content of sea bed solid increases and the density decreases. 2) The sea bed solid in Sinsundai area, Pusan Port has the water content range of 83~157% 3) The ratio of suspension velocity against settlement velocity is about 0.25 and SS concentration converges as the wave heigh. 4) The SS increases 2 time when time step increases 3 time(10 sec to 30 sec) in numerical simulation It means that the effect of the time step should be checked in detail to stable. The diffusion The diffusion coefficient are Affiected senstively in the dispersion process while sea ved friction coefficinet have not strong relation in the simulated area

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• 제56권6호
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• pp.878-883
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• 2018

A circulating fluidized bed (CFB) has been used in various chemical industries because of good heat and mass transfer. In addition, the methanol to olefins (MTO) process requiring the CFB reactor has attracted a great deal of interest due to steep increase of oil price. To design a CFB reactor for MTO pilot process, therefore, we has examined the hydrodynamic properties of spherical catalysts with different particle size and developed a correlation equation to predict catalyst holdup in a riser of CFB reactor. The hydrodynamics of micro-spherical catalysts with average particle size of 53, 90 and 140 mm was evaluated in a $0.025m-ID{\times}4m-high$ CFB riser. We also developed a model described by a decay coefficient to predict solid hold-up distribution in the riser. The decay coefficient developed in this study could be expressed as a function of Froude number and dimensionless velocity ratio. This model could predict well the experimental data obtained from this work.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• 제48권4호
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• pp.499-505
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• 2010

본 연구에서는 두 개의 기포유동층으로 구성된 연속장치(높이: 1.2 m, 내경: 0.11 m)를 이용하여 실험장치의 최소유동화속도와 고체순환량을 측정하여 수력학적 특성을 파악하고 흡수-재생 조업변수에 의한 반응특성을 알아보았다. 사용된 K-계열 건식흡수제는 한국전력연구원으로부터 공급되었고 $CO_2$ 흡수를 위한 35%의 탄산칼륨과 기계적 강도를 위한 65%의 지지체로 구성되어 있다. 연속 장치는 두 개의 기포유동층 반응기, 수송관, 상승관, 냉각장치, 분석기, 히터 등으로 구성되어 있다. 이 장치의 최소유동화속도는 0.0088 m/s이고 수송관의 유속이 1.05 m/s일 때 고체순환량은 $10.3kg/m^2{\cdot}s$로 측정되었다. 모사가스를 이용하여 실험을 수행하였고 흡수반응기 입구 $CO_2$ 농도(Dry basis)는 약 10 vol%였고, 온도는 흡수반응온도 $70^{\circ}C$, 재생반응온도 $200^{\circ}C$에서 각각 일정하게 유지하였다. 반응기의 차압은 흡수반응기 $415mmH_2O$, 재생반응기 $350mmH_2O$에서 안정적으로 유지하였다. 실험은 조업변수들인 $H_2O$ 주입농도(7.28~19.66%), 모사가스 유속(0.053~0.103 m/s), 흡수반응온도($60{\sim}80^{\circ}C$), 재생반응온도($150{\sim}200^{\circ}C$), 고체순환량($7.0{\sim}10.3kg/m^2{\cdot}s$)의 변화에 따라 반응실험이 실시되었다. 각 변수실험은 정상상태 도달 후 1시간 정도 유지한 후 결과를 저장, 분석하였다. 실험결과 수증기 주입량, 재생반응온도, 고체순환량이 증가할수록 제거율은 증가하였고 흡수반응온도, 유속이 증가함에 따라 제거율은 감소하였다.

• 공업화학
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.93-99
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• 2006

기체-고체 유동층 시스템에서 유동화 흐름영역을 결정할 수 있는 방법들에 대하여 고찰하였다. 기체-고체 시스템의 흐름영역 해석을 위한 상태변수로 상승관내에서의 압력요동을 측정하여 유동화 흐름영역을 해석하였으며, 차압변환기로부터 얻은 압력요동의 자료를 기존의 방법인 평균 및 표준편차를 사용하여 해석하였을 뿐만 아니라, 상관차원이나 Kolmogorov 엔트로피와 같은 chaos 해석 방법을 이용하여 기체-액체 유동층에서 흐름영역을 고찰하였다. 그 결과, 기체-고체 유동층에서 유동화 영역은 평균과 표준편차와 같은 통계적 방법에 의해 결정할 수 있었을 뿐만 아니라, 상관차원과 Kolmogorov 엔트로피와 같은 Chaos 해석방법으로도 유동화영역을 구별할 수 있는 특성으로 사용할 수 있었다.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제21권9호
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• pp.960-967
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• 2011

Tannin acyl hydrolase, also known as tannase, is an enzyme with important applications in the food, feed, pharmaceutical, and chemical industries. However, despite a growing interest in the catalytic properties of tannase, its practical use is very limited owing to high production costs. Several studies have already demonstrated the advantages of solid-state fermentation (SSF) for the production of fungal tannase, yet the optimal conditions for enzyme production strongly depend on the microbial strain utilized. Therefore, the aim of this study was to improve the tannase production by a locally isolated A. niger strain in an SSF system. The SSF was carried out in packed-bed bioreactors using polyurethane foam as an inert support impregnated with defined culture media. The process parameters influencing the enzyme production were identified using a Plackett-Burman design, where the substrate concentration, initial pH, and incubation temperature were determined as the most significant. These parameters were then further optimized using a Box-Behnken design. The maximum tannase production was obtained with a high tannic acid concentration (50 g/l), relatively low incubation temperature ($30^{\circ}C$), and unique low initial pH (4.0). The statistical strategy aided in increasing the enzyme activity nearly 1.97-fold, from 4,030 to 7,955 U/l. Consequently, these findings can lead to the development of a fermentation system that is able to produce large amounts of tannase in economical, compact, and scalable reactors.