• 마이크로전자및패키징학회지
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.61-65
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• 2009

단결정 실리콘 웨이퍼 위에 그라인딩 공정을 사용하여 인위적으로 결정학적 결함을 만들고 선택적 습식 식각 공정을 통하여 반사율을 저감시켜 태양전지에 적용할 수 있는 새로운 표면 조직을 형성하였다. 식각 용액의 농도와 식각 시간에 따른 표면 형태의 변화를 분석하고 그에 따른 표면의 광학적 반사율의 변화를 측정하였다. 결정학적 결함 분석과 표면 형태의 관찰은 각각 투과전자 현미경과 주사전자현미경을 이용하였고 광학적 특성은 spectrophotometer를 이용하여 분석하였다. 상기 방법에 의한 최적화된 실리콘 표면의 반사율은 평균 1%이하의 우수한 결과를 보였으며 짧은 공정시간 및 가격효율성 면에서 효과적인 제조 방법이라고 사료된다.

• 대한지구과학교육학회지
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.183-192
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• 2015

The purpose of this study was to identify STEAM education program fit for club activities in consideration of the present curriculum and investigate its effect on science club students' self-efficacy and attitude toward science by applying it to science club students. In consideration of such chapters as 'Solar System' and 'Exosphere and Space Development' in the 2009 Revised Curriculum, this study developed a STEAM education program related to the observation of the solar system and the measurement of a distance of the stars in consideration of the present curriculum. For this study we selected 14 science club students in H Middle School, located in G Province and applied a 7 weeks' program to them. To find out change in their self-efficacy and attitude toward science, this study conducted tests of self-efficacy and attitude toward science for a single group before and after introducing this program and analyzed the results. The results of this study could be summarized as below. Firstly, science club activities with this STEAM education program applied improved students' self-efficacy significantly. Secondly, there was a significant difference found in students' attitude toward science through science club activities with this STEAM education program applied as they showed higher scores in the attitude toward science in the posttest than the pretest. Lastly, despite a research limit that this science inquiry program was conducted for a short period of time, this program was found to have positive effect on the improvement of students' self-efficacy and attitude toward science.

• 한국항공우주학회지
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• 제44권9호
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• pp.759-768
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• 2016

고고도 장기체공 태양광 무인기 EAV-3의 프로펠러를 설계하고 전산해석을 수행하였다. 실험설계법(Design of Experiment, DOE)을 사용하여 설계변수들의 실험점들을 획득하고 목적함수와 구속함수들에 대한 크리깅 근사모델을 생성하였다. 요구조건 및 제약조건들과 함께 반응면을 평가하여 프로펠러 형상을 설계하였으며, 근사모델 기반의 최적설계를 수행하여 설계의 타당성을 검증하였다. 상용 CFD 코드를 이용하여 해석을 수행하고 그 결과를 설계코드 및 시험결과와 비교하였다. 설계점 고도에서 해석 결과가 설계코드의 예측과 잘 일치하였다. 또한 시험장치와 지지대 기둥에 의한 폐쇄효과가 풍동시험 결과에 포함되어 있으며, 이를 포함한 해석 결과가 시험 결과와 잘 일치함을 확인하였다.

• Journal of Astronomy and Space Sciences
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• 제33권4호
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• pp.287-293
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• 2016

The equatorial region of the Earth's ionosphere exhibits large temporal variations in electron density that have significant implications on satellite signal transmissions. In this paper, the first observation results of the variations in the trough of the equatorial ionospheric anomaly at the permanent Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) site in Chuuk (Geographic: $7.5^{\circ}N$, $151.9^{\circ}E$; Geomagnetic: $0.4^{\circ}N$) are presented. It was found that the daytime Global Positioning System (GPS) total electron content (TEC) values vary according to the 27 day period of solar rotation, and that these trends show sharp contrast with those of summer. The amplitudes of the semi-annual anomaly were 12.4 TECU (33 %) on $19^{th}$ of March and 8.8 TECU (23 %) on $25^{th}$ of October respectively, with a yearly averaged value of 38.0 TECU. The equinoctial asymmetry at the March equinox was higher than that at the October equinox rather than the November equinox. Daily mean TEC values were higher in December than in June, which could be interpreted as annual or winter anomalies. The nighttime GPS TEC enhancements during 20:00-24:00 LT also exhibited the semi-annual variation. The pre-midnight TEC enhancement could be explained with the slow loss process of electron density that is largely produced during the daytime of equinox. However, the significant peaks around 22:00-23:00 LT at the spring equinox require other mechanisms other than the slow loss process of the electron density.

• 한국진공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국진공학회 2009년도 제38회 동계학술대회 초록집
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• pp.322-322
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• 2010

For boron doping on n-type silicon wafer, around $1,000^{\circ}C$ doping temperature is required, because of the relatively low solubility of boron in a crystalline silicon comparing to the phosphorus case. Boron doping by fiber laser annealing and lamp furnace heat treatment were carried out for the uniformly deposited p-a-Si:H layer. Since the uniformly deposited p-a-Si:H layer by cluster is highly needed to be doped with high temperature heat treatment. Amorphous silicon layer absorption range for fiber laser did not match well to be directly annealed. To improve the annealing effect, we introduce additional lamp furnace heat treatment. For p-a-Si:H layer with the ratio of $SiH_4:B_2H_6:H_2$=30:30:120, at $200^{\circ}C$, 50 W power, 0.2 Torr for 30 min. $20\;mm\;{\times}\;20\;mm$ size fiber laser cut wafers were activated by Q-switched fiber laser (1,064 nm) with different sets of power levels and periods, and for the lamp furnace annealing, $980^{\circ}C$ for 30 min heat treatment were implemented. To make the sheet resistance expectable and uniform as important processes for the $p^+$ layer on a polished n-type silicon wafer of (100) plane, the Q-switched fiber laser used. In consequence of comparing the results of lifetime measurement and sheet resistance relation, the fiber laser treatment showed the trade-offs between the lifetime and the sheet resistance as $100\;{\omega}/sq.$ and $11.8\;{\mu}s$ vs. $17\;{\omega}/sq.$ and $8.2\;{\mu}s$. Diode level device was made to confirm the electrical properties of these experimental results by measuring C-V(-F), I-V(-T) characteristics. Uniform and expectable boron heavy doped layers by fiber laser and lamp furnace are not only basic and essential conditions for the n-type crystalline silicon solar cell fabrication processes, but also the controllable doping concentration and depth can be established according to the deposition conditions of layers.

• 한국진공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국진공학회 2013년도 제45회 하계 정기학술대회 초록집
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• pp.75.2-75.2
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• 2013

Atomic layer deposition (ALD), utilizing self-limiting surface reactions, could offer promising perspectives for future efficient energy conversion devices. The capabilities of ALD for surface/interface modification and construction of novel architectures with sub-nanometer precision and exceptional conformality over high aspect ratio make it more valuable than any other deposition methods in nanoscale science and technology. In the context, a variety of researches on fabrication of active materials for energy conversion applications by ALD are emerging. Among those materials, one-dimensional nanotubular titanium dioxide, providing not only high specific surface area but also efficient carrier transport pathway, is a class of the most intensively explored materials for energy conversion systems, such as photovoltaic cells and photo/electrochemical devices. The monodisperse, stoichiometric, anatase, TiO2 nanotubes with smooth surface morphology and controlled wall thickness were fabricated via low-temperature template-directed ALD followed by subsequent annealing. The ALD-grown, anatase, TiO2 nanotubes in alumina template show unusual crystal growth behavior which allows to form remarkably large grains along axial direction over certain wall thickness. We also fabricated dye-sensitized solar cells (DSCs) introducing our anatase TiO2 nanotubes as photoanodes, and studied the effect of blocking layer, TiO2 thin films formed by ALD, on overall device efficiency. The photon convertsion efficiency ~7% were measured for our TiO2 nanotubebased DSCs with blocking layers, which is ~1% higher than ones without blocking layer. We also performed open circuit voltage decay measurement to estimate recombination rate in our cells, which is 3 times longer than conventional nanoparticulate photoanodes. The high efficiency of our ALD-grown, anatase, TiO2 nanotube-based DSCs may be attributed to both enhanced charge transport property of our TiO2 nanotubes photoanode and the suppression of recombination at the interface between transparent conducting electrode and iodine electrolytes by blocking layer.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.15-19
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• 1988

옥수수 군락형성과정(群落形成過程)에서 순폭사를 구성(構成)하는 열(熱)에너지의 배분(配分)을 보우엔비(比)-에너지수지방법(收支方法)으로 조사(調査)하여 다음과 같은 결론(結論)을 얻었다. 1. 옥수수 전생육기간(全生育期間)동안 군락초관부(群落草冠部)에 도달(到達)된 전천일사량(全天日射量)은 $1,559MJm^{-2}$이었으며 증발잠열(蒸發潛熱)로 쓰여진 열량(熱量)은 $960MJm^{-2}$로 전천일사량(全天日射量)의 61.6%가 군락증발산(群落蒸發散)의 열원(熱源)으로 사용(使用)되었다. 2. 계절별(季節別) 일평균(日平均) 증발산량(蒸發散量)은 2.7mm-5.6mm 범위(範圍)이었다. 3. 증발산(蒸發散)으로 소비(消費)된 물량(量)은 394mm, 전체건물생산량(全體乾物生産量)은 $2,214gm^{-2}$로 전체(全體)옥수수 군락증발산량(群落蒸發散量)에 대(對)한 전건물중(全乾物重)의 비율(比率)인 물이용효율(利用效率)은 $5.6gm^{-2}mm^{-1}$이었다.

• 한국멀티미디어학회논문지
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.30-39
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• 2021

Research in the field of health lighting has continued to advance to reproduce the color temperature of natural light which periodically changes. However, most of this research could only reproduce a uniform circadian color temperature of natural light, therefore failing to realize the characteristics of the circadian cycle of color temperature difference by latitude and longitude. To reproduce the color temperature of natural light on which the characteristics of a region are reflected, the collection technology of real-time characteristics of natural light is needed. If the color temperatures which are not within a periodical pattern due to climate changes, etc., are measured, it will be difficult to judge the occurrence (presence) of the anomalies and to reproduce the circadian cycle of the color temperature of natural light. Therefore, this study proposes an algorithm for judging the anomalies in real time based on the sliding window to reproduce the color temperature of natural light. First, the natural light characteristics DB collected through the on-site measurement were analyzed, the differential values at a one-minute interval were calculated and examined, and then representative color temperature circadian patterns by solar terms were drawn. The anomalies were then detected by the application of the sliding window that calculated the deviation of the color temperature for the measured color temperature data set, which was collected through RGB sensors, while moving along the time sequence. In addition, the presence of anomalies was verified through the comparison study between the detection results and the representative circadian cycle of the color temperature by solar term. The judgment method for the anomalies from the measured color temperature of natural light was proposed for the first time, confirming that the proposed method was capable of detecting the anomalies with an average accuracy of 94.6%.

• 한국재료학회지
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• 제32권10호
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• pp.419-424
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• 2022

Halide perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have improved rapidly over the past few years, and research on the optoelectrical properties of halide perovskite thin films has grown as well. Among the characterization techniques, photoluminescence (PL), a method of collecting emitted photons to evaluate the properties of materials, is widely applied to evaluate improvements in the performance of PSCs. However, since only photons emitted from the film in the escape cone are included, the photons collected in PL are a small fraction of the total photons emitted from the film. Unlike PSCs power conversion efficiency, PL measuring methods have not been standardized, and have been evaluated in a variety of ways. Thus, an in-depth study is needed of the methods used to evaluate materials using PL spectra. In this study, we examined the PL spectra of the perovskite light harvesting layer with different measurement protocols and analyzed the features. As the incident angle changed, different spectra were observed, indicating that the PL emission spectrum can depend on the measuring method, not the material. We found the intensity and energy of the PL spectra changes were due to the path of the emitted photons. Also, we found that the PL of halide perovskite thin films generally contains limited information. To solve this problem, the emitted photons should be collected using an integrating sphere. The results of this study suggest that the emission spectrum of halide perovskite films should be carefully interpreted in accordance with PL measuring method, since PL data is mostly affected by the method.

• 천문학논총
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• 제38권1호
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• pp.1-12
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• 2023

Numerous Sundials were fabricated during the reign of King Sejong of the Joseon Dynasty. One among them is Jeongnam-Ilgu (the Fixing-South Sundial), where the time can be measured after setting up the suitable meridian line without a compass. We reconstructed the new Jeongnam-Ilgu model based on the records of 'Description of Making the Royal Observatory Ganui (簡儀臺記)' in the Veritable Record of King Sejong. Jeongnam-Ilgu has a summer solstice half-ring under a horizontal ring which is fixed to two pillars in the north and south, and in which a declination ring rotates around the polar axis. In our model, the polar axis matches the altitude of Hanyang (that is Seoul). There are two merits if the model is designed to install the polar axis in the way that enters both the north and south poles and rotates in them: One is that it is possible to fix the polar axis to the declination ring together with the cross-strut. The other is that a twig for hanging weights can be protruded on the North Pole. The declination ring is supposed to be 178 mm in diameter and is carved on the scale of the celestial-circumference degrees on the ring's surface, where a degree scale can be divided into four equal parts through the diagonal lines. In addition, the time's graduation that is drawn on the summer solstice half-ring makes it possible to measure the daytime throughout the year. An observational property of Jeongnam-Ilgu is that a solar image can be obtained using a pin-hole. The position cast by the solar image between hour circles makes a time measurement. We hope our study will contribute to the restoration of Jeongnam-Ilgu.