• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제50권5호
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• pp.472-481
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• 2017

Agricultural field near at the abandoned metal mine and industrial area has a high possibility to be polluted by heavy metals. However, concern about chemical properties including heavy metal concentration has been increased and biological properties such as soil respiration has been minimal in heavy metal polluted field. Therefore, main objective of this research was to evaluate soil respiration as an indicator of heavy metal pollution in agricultural field. Total of 60 sampling sites including each 30 sites of abandoned metal mine and industrial area were selected and heavy metal concentration, soil respiration, and chemical properties were measured. Results showed that heavy metal concentration in metal mine area was ranged Cu: $6.21~85.23mg\;kg^{-1}$, Pb: $23.84{\sim}1,044.72mg\;kg^{-1}$, As: $1.88{\sim}691.44mg\;kg^{-1}$, Zn: $18.72{\sim}527.55mg\;kg^{-1}$, Cd: $0.58{\sim}4.27mg\;kg^{-1}$, and Cu: $0.29{\sim}30.62mg\;kg^{-1}$, Pb: $4.41{\sim}19.77mg\;kg^{-1}$, As: $2.23{\sim}11.76mg\;kg^{-1}$, Zn $39.98{\sim}109.59mg\;kg^{-1}$, Cd $0.29{\sim}0.57mg\;kg^{-1}$ for industrial area respectively. While no sampling site was exceed the threshold value of each heavy metals in industrial field, metal mine area was highly polluted with Pb, As, Zn, and Cd. Soil respiration in the metal mine and industrial area was ranged $12.05{\sim}299.80mg\;O_2\;kg^{-1}$ and $27.68{\sim}330.94mg\;O_2\;kg^{-1}$, respectively. Correlation analysis between heavy metal concentration in soil and soil respiration showed that negative correlation was observed in metal mine area while no correlation was observed in industrial area. This result might indicate that as heavy metal concentration was increased, microbial activity in soil was decreased resulting decrease of soil respiration rate. Overall, soil respiration can be used as indicator of heavy metal pollution in soil and more biological properties need to be evaluated to better understand heavy metal pollution in soil.

• 한국지하수토양환경학회지:지하수토양환경
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• 제17권5호
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• pp.68-74
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• 2012

The objective of this study is to examine a releasable asbestos sampler developed for measuring friable asbestos from soil to air controlled by wind velocity and water contents. Asbestos contaminated soil with 3.75% at the Sinsuk-asbestos mine was sampled, air-dried and sieved to 100 mesh, then homogenized during 24 hours' agitation. Various wind velocities, 1 m/s, 2 m/s, 3 m/s, and 5 m/s, were applied to evaluate releasable characteristics of the releasable asbestos sampler. In addition, soils with 1.0%, 3.4%, 4.4%, 11.0%, 16.2%, and 20.0% of water contents were also examined the amount of friable asbestos by the releasable asbestos sampler. Collected soil and air samples were analyzed by polarized light microscopy (PLM) and phase contrast microscopy (PCM), respectively. Those contents were applied to calculate an excess life cancer risk (ELCR). This study also discussed the relationship with risk assessment by a weeding scenario of activity based sampling (ABS) and field applied releasable asbestos sampler. The result was shown that friability of asbestos in soil increased with wind velocity and decreased with water content. In comparison with ELCR results, over 10E-4 of cancer risk was found in condition on < 5% water content and > 3m/s wind velocity.

• 한국지하수토양환경학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지하수토양환경학회 2003년도 추계학술발표회
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• pp.199-201
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• 2003

The monitoring effectiveness not only depends on the effectiveness of the network, but also the costs of the network. Generally the costs of the monitoring network are mainly on the equipment and personnel; the implementation and maintenance; the observation and sample connection; the sample analysis; and the data storage and processing. The cost of the monitoring network can be expressed as a function of monitoring frequency because the monitoring method can be an automatic or a manual measurement. To determine the sampling frequency of subsidiary groundwater monitoring stations, time series data of national groundwater monitoring stations were used. The proposed optimal sampling frequency for subsidiary groundwater monitoring station is about 7 to 20 days and the average frequency is about 2 weeks.

• 한국지하수토양환경학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지하수토양환경학회 1998년도 총회 및 춘계 학술발표회 논문집
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• pp.79-83
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• 1998

This study was conducted to delineate plume occurred in hazardous waste disposal site. At first, CPT (Cone Penetrometer Test) rig and HydroPunch were used to collect depth-discrete groundwater samples in concerned area. However, it was not capable of sampling the groundwater due to the cone refusal where the residual clay are layered at nominal depth through the aquifer. Alternatively, a number of temporary wells were installed after each of locations was penetrated using a modified steel cone functioned by CPT rig. The samples taken from those of wells were characterized by GCMS and GCFID, which revealed that sulfolane and thiolane were mainly presented. Subsequent analyses performed for the samples taken from permanent nest piezometers consistently demonstrated that possible plume boundary can be presented in the study area where contaminants were found as low as detection limit or levels of not-detectable.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.119-128
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• 2008

Laboratory analytical results of 22 sets of hydrophobic adsorbent coils containing surface soil-vapor and two soil samples collected by conventional intrusive method from each boring location at two active dry cleaning facilities in the State of Illinois, U.S.A, were presented to evaluate the performance of soil-vapor survey. The most critical factor to determine the effectiveness of soil-vapor survey is the distance from the soil-vapor sampling device to the actual contamination, which is a function of soil porosity, permeability, primary lithology, and other geological and hydrogeological site-specific parameters. Also this factor can be affected by the history of contaminant-generating operations. The laboratory analytical results in this study showed longer dry cleaning operation history (i.e., 50 years) and presence of fine sand at the beneath Site B allow the contaminants to migrate farther and deeper over a fixed time compared to Site A(i.e., 35 years and silty clay) so that the soil-vapor survey is not likely the most effective environmental site investigation method alone for Site B. However, for Site A, the soil-vapor survey successfully screened the site to identify the location reporting the highest soil concentration of chlorinated solvents.

• 한국환경보건학회지
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• 제33권6호
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• pp.502-505
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• 2007

To estimate the soil quality of Miryang area, soil analysis were conducted according to the city and out of city of soil expenses at according to analysis components and heavy metal pollution of irradiation sampling sites. The through soil components the principal element about the 71% $SiO_2\;and\;Al_2O_3$, the pH of field area near the city center was lower than that of the other field area, which indicated that this acidification was probably attributed to the acid rain caused by the traffic exhaust gas such as $SO_x\;and\;NO_x$. Acidification was more severe in the field area than in the farming land. The concentration of five heavy metals such as Cu, Cd, Pb, As and Cr were found to be lower than the standard of soil pollution. An assessment using the SPI(Soil Pollution Index), which was developed to estimate an overall soil quality, was performed. Each SPS(Soil Pollution Score) were evaluated with the results of the data from this study. The soil quality of most area of Miryang land was determined to Class 1, which indicated that the soil was healthy.

• 방사성폐기물학회지
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• 제19권4호
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• pp.479-489
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• 2021

The Republic of Korea is expected to participate in the denuclearization verification activities by the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) in case any neighboring countries declared denuclearization. In this study, samples for the verification of nuclear activities in undeclared areas were selected for the denuclearization of neighboring countries, and the appropriateness of the procedures was considered. If a country with nuclear weapons declares denuclearization, it must be accompanied by the IAEA's verification regarding nuclear materials and weapons in the declared and undeclared areas. The analysis of the process samples or on-site environmental samples and the verification of undeclared nuclear facilities and materials aid in uncovering any evidence of concealment of nuclear activity in undeclared areas. Therefore, a methodology was established for effective sampling and analysis in accordance with proper procedures. Preparations for sampling in undeclared areas were undertaken for various potential scenarios, such as, the establishment of zones according to radiation dose, methods of supplying electricity, wireless communication networks, targets of sampling according to characteristics of nuclides, manned sampling method, and unmanned sampling method. Through this, procedures were established for pre- and post-site settings in preparation for hazards and limiting factors at nuclear inspection sites.

• 한국지반공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지반공학회 1997년도 가을 학술발표회 논문집
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• pp.111-116
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• 1997

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.157-162
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• 1997

Changes on soil physical and chemical properties following the forest fire in Kosung area in Kangwon province were examined. Twenty seven sampling plots[16 burned (8 low intensity fire, 8 high intensity fire) and 11 unburned plots] from Pinus densiflora community were chosen and soil samples from three depths(0-5, 5-15, 15-25 cm) under the forest floor were collected. Forest fire in the area affected soil chemical properties. Soil pH, available phosphorus, base saturation, K, Ca, and Mg on the surface soil(0-5cm) in the burned areas compared with the unburned areas were increased, while soil properties on the subsurface soil(5-25 cm) were not changed. Organic matter, total nitrogen, available phosphorus, and exchangeable cations following the high in tensity fire on the surface soil were generally lower than those in the low intensity fire areas. This indicates that these nutrients on high intensity fire areas may be volatilized. The results suggest that the fire effects on soil chemical properties were confined mainly to the surface soil and were different between the high and the low intensity fire types.

• 한국산림과학회지
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• 제56권1호
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• pp.66-76
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• 1982

사방시공지(砂防施工地)에 널리 조림(造林)되는 리기다소나무의 근계분포(根系分布)와 토양(土壤)의 견밀도(堅密度)의 관계(関係)를 구명(究明)하고자 표본지(標本地)를 선정(選定) 대표목(代表木)의 경사하측(傾斜下側)에 환상(環状)의 토양단면(土壤斷面)을 만들어 각토층별(各土層別)로 토양경도(土壤硬度)를 산중식(山中式) Soil hardness tester로 측정(測定)하고 수근(樹根) (중세근(中細根))의 분포(分布)를 조사(調査)하여 분포(分布)한바 다음과 같이 요약(要約)할 수 있었다. 1) 토양(土壤)의 견밀도(堅密度)는 토심(土深)이 깊어짐에 따라 점차(漸次) 증가(增加)하여 평균(平均) 지표경도(指標硬度)는 I층(層)에서 14.6mm II층(層)에서 16.2mm, III층(層) 17.2mm, IV층(層)에서는 18.3mm, V층(層)에서는 19.8mm였다. 2) 수근(樹根) (중세근(中細根))은 표층(表層)에 이를수록 많이 분포(分布)하여 토층(土層)이 깊어짐에 따라 그 수(數)가 감소(減少)하여 I층(層) 수근(樹根)의 수(數)를 1(31%)로 할때 II층(層)은 0.84(26%), III층(層)은 0.6(18%), IV층(層)은 0.4(12%), V층(層)도 0.4(13%)이다. 3) 토양(土壤)의 견밀도(堅密度)와 수근(樹根)의 분포(分布)는 음(陰)의 상관관계(相関関係)에 있어 견밀도(堅密度)가 높아지면 이에따라 수근(樹根) 수(數)는 감소(減少)한다. 각(各) 토층별(土層別) 토양(土壤)의 견밀도(堅密度)와 수근분포(樹根分布)의 상관계수(相関係数)는 I층(層)은 -0.3875, II층(層)은 -0.5299, III층(層)은 -0.5573, IV층(層)은 -0.6922, V층(層)은 -0.7325, 전체평균(全体平均)은 -0.9469로서 모두 유의적(有意的)이었다. 4) 리기다소나무의 수근(樹根) (중세근(中細根))의 성장(成長)에 최적합(最適合)한 토양(土壤)의 견밀도(堅密度)는 지표경도(指標硬度)는 12.0~14.9mm로서 이 계급(階級)에 속(屬)하는 지표경도(指標硬度)는 33%이고 수근(樹根)의 분포(分布)는 41.8%이다. 또 지표경도(指標硬度) 20.9mm까지는 82%이나 수근(樹根) 93.2%가 분포(分布)하고 있어 지표경도(指標硬度) 20.9mm이하(以下)까지가 리기다소나무의 수근(樹根)의 생장(生長)에 적합(適合)하다고 사료(思料)된다.