• 한국물환경학회지
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• 제26권5호
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• pp.775-780
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• 2010

Over 90% of the livestock excretions were treated and utilized by land application in Korea. Excessive application of the livestock manure as fertilizer has been issued as a main pollutant source in groundwater and watersheds. This study was seasonally conducted to identify the discharging characteristics with a certain artificial rainfall intensity (13 mm/hr) in terms of surface runoff, groundwater, and soil residue mass depending on the livestock manure types. A experimental field was constructed with three different sites that pig liquid fertilizer (LF), cattle manure (CM), and standard (S). The pig liquid fertilizer of 1,200 L and cattle manure of 900 kg were sprayed on each site ($50m^2$). The standard area was firmly prevented from any other contaminants. In the LF site, farmland discharging rate (FDR) was computed as 0.006 in CODcr, 0.015 in TN, and 0.029 in TP, resulted from the mass balance among total injection mass, surface runoff and groundwater. In the CM site, 29% of the nitrogen and phosphorus in each were discharged to the surface, and 64% and 58% of them were remained in the farmland. Surface runoff rate of the CM was higher than that of the LF, resulted from the solid form of the CM.

• 한국미생물·생명공학회지
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• 제27권1호
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• pp.1-7
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• 1999

A fungus, Penicillium sp. PS-113, isolated from soil showed the high phosphate-solubilizing activity in patato dextrose broth-rock phosphate to produce free phosphates to the culture broth with the concentrations of 585 ppm against rock phosphate. In this medium, the optimum temperature and initial pH to solubilize rock phosphate were 30$^{\circ}C$ and pH 7.5, respectively. In order to make the mass production of the conidia from this fungus, we cultured in on various solid-based media like barley, corn, wheat, rice, rice bran, and compost. As a result, the fungus highly produced conidia ranging from 2.1 to $5.1{\times}10_9$ conidia/g${\cdot}$media on these solid media except compost-based medium, which was 0 times less than others. Effects of inoculation of the phosphate solubilizing fungus as a biofertilizer were studied in perlite-based pot cropped with Zea mays Suwon 19. Inoculation of Penicillium sp. PS-113 increased in plant height (1.4 times), plant weight (5.2~8.1 times) and root length (1.1~1.2 times) at 60-day cultivation, compared to Hogland solution either without $NH_4H_2PO_4$ or displace $NH_4H_2PO_4$ to powdered rock phosphate, a phosphorus source for plant growth.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• 제7권4호
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• pp.203-207
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• 1984

This report is an investigation of the revegetation and secondary succession in the burned area of Mt. Sanseung in Taegu region. The forest fire took place in December, 1977. The survey was conducted eight times, -three times from October 1, 1983 to October 3, the same year and five times from August 10, 1984 to August 15, the same year. The floristic compositions in the sampled sites constituted 25 kinds of vascular plants and 21 kinds in the burned area and the unburned area respectively. The biological type in both the burned and unburned areas was H-D1-R5-e type, which is generally common to other areas (Taegu, Kyungpook, Chung Buk and Kangweon areas). In the burned area dominant species were Carex humilisvar. nana, Arundinella hirata and Quercus serrata and on the other hand, in the unburned area Pinus densiflora, Carex humilis var. nana, Rhododendron mucrfonulatum var. ciliatum and Quercus serrata. The species diversity diversity index(H) and eveness index(e) of the burned area were higher than those unburned area. Degree of succession (DS) was 650 in the burned area at the 6th years after the fires and 962 in the unburned area. THe vegetation of the burned area was slowly recovered as of 1984 compared with each other. According to the analysis of the soil preperties, pH, available phosphorus and exchangeable potassium were increased, but organic matter, total nitrogen and total organic carbon were decreased. It is assumed that these results were due to the forest fire.

• 한국신재생에너지학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국신재생에너지학회 2009년도 춘계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.430-433
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• 2009

The development of large-scale environmental friendly livestock complex in the reclaimed tideland is one of different alternatives to increase the competitiveness of internal livestock industry against an international opening markets as DDA and FTA in agricultural field. Recently, it is possible to introduce an environmental friendly livestock complex in the reclaimed tideland by an amendment of the acts for agricultural land. However more studies that are on the basis of nitrogen and phosphorus mass balance need to preserve the agricultural environments as the quality of agricultural water and soil in rural area. In this study, the reference for feasibility study is Whaong reclaimed tideland which located at Whaseong city, Gyeonggi Province, and a basic concept of environmental friendly livestock complex is the production of forage crops with the supply of liquid fertilizer and the production of bioenergy such as biogas by the recycling of pig slurry as a resource. The mass balance of nitrogen based on between forage crops such as maize, barley and liquid fertilizer supplied at the reclaimed tideland, and also it was estimated an economical efficiency as anaerobic digestion plant for treating pig slurry of $100m^3/day$ introduce in an environmental friendly livestock complex.

• Environmental Engineering Research
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.163-168
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• 2013

In this study, an innovative media, iron mixed ceramic pellet (IMCP) has been developed for arsenic (As) removal from groundwater. A porous, solid-phase IMCP (2-3 mm) was manufactured by combining clay soil, rice bran, and Fe(0) powder at $600^{\circ}C$. Both the As(III) and As(V) adsorption characteristics of IMCP were studied in several batch experiments. Structural analysis of the IMCP was conducted using X-ray absorption fine structure (XAFS) analysis to understand the mechanism of As removal. The adsorption of As was found to be dependent on pH, and exhibited strong adsorption of both As(III) and As(V) at pH 5-7. The adsorption process was described to follow a pseudo-second-order reaction, and the adsorption rate of As(V) was greater than that of As(III). The adsorption data were fit well with both Freundlich and Langmuir isotherm models. The maximum adsorption capacities of As(III) and As(V) from the Langmuir isotherm were found to be 4.0 and 4.5 mg/g, respectively. Phosphorus in the water had an adverse effect on both As(III) and As(V) adsorption. Scanning electron microscopy results revealed that iron(III) oxides/hydroxides are aggregated on the surface of IMCP. XAFS analysis showed a partial oxidation of As(III) and adsorption of As(V) onto the iron oxide in the IMCP.

• 한국농공학회지
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• 제40권4호
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• pp.77-84
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• 1998

Adsorption and leaching characteristics of the artificial soils produced from water and wastewater treatment sludges were examined. The batch adsorption test and TCLP leaching test were used, and constituents of interest were heavy metals and nutrients. As, Cr, Cu, Pb, and Cd were analyzed for metals, and nitrogen and phosphorus were analyzed for nutrients. All the artificial soils showed strong adsorption and low leaching for the heavy metals, which implies that the artificial soils may not be hazardous to the environment due to heavy metals and even they can be utilized effectively to remove metals in solution like mine and industrial wastewaters. This is quite promising result because in most case heavy metals are the most concern in the application of sludge product to the farmland. For the nutrients, generally, artificial soils showed high adsorption and low leaching except artificial soil from wastewater sludge produced by low temperature firing. The artificial soils produced from water treatment sludge were active in adsorbing nutrients and showed low leaching that they can be practically used to remove nutrients in advanced treatment process of the wastewater. The artificial soils produced from wastewater treatment sludge were less active in adsorbing nutrients and showed high teaching. However, they could be used usefully if applied properly to the plant growing because of their fertilizing effect. Based on the test results, overall, the artificial soils were thought to be not hazardous to the environment and they could be more useful if applied properly.

• 한국농공학회논문집
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• 제53권6호
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• pp.121-128
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• 2011

Long-term water treatment performance analysis was conducted for the constructed wetland treating agricultural tailwater. Studied wetland was established in 2001 and operated from June, 2002 to November, 2010. Wetland vegetation cover was shown over 90 % coverage after 2005. According to vegetation development, accumulation of sediment nutrient was observed; Organic Carbon, T-P and T-N. In addition, DO concentration and temperature was decreased in the constructed wetland output. An infiltration rate also significantly decreased due to compaction of wetland soil. A runoff coefficient was increased due to the low infiltration rate after 2005. A T-N, TSS and Chl.a removal rate was maintained constantly. However, the T-P removal rate was slightly decreased along to wetland operation because low DO concentration could increase elution of phosphorus from sediment. After constructing open water, the T-P removal rate was increased. This is because open water could accelerate the reaearation process. Consequently, over three years of vegetation development could be helpful for wetland performance. In addition, DO concentration is important factor to maintain the T-P treatment.

• 한국농공학회논문집
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• 제54권1호
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• pp.55-62
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• 2012

This study is to assess the reduction of nonpoint source pollution by applying Best Management Practice (BMP) in Chungju-dam watershed (6,585.1 $km^2$) using Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT). The model was calibrated using 3 years (1998-2000) daily streamflow at 3 locations and monthly water quality of sediment (SS), total nitrogen (T-N) and total phosphorus (T-P) data at 2 locations and validated for another 3 years (2001-2003) data. The 5 BMPs of streambank stabilization, porous gully plugs, recharge structures, terrace, and contour farming were applied to stream and area with the specific criteria of previous researches. Through the parameter sensitivity analysis, the farming practice P-factor and Manning's roughness of stream were sensitive. Overall, the NPS reduction effect was high for streambank stabilization, terrace, and contour farming. At the watershed outlet, the SS, T-P, and T-N were reduced by 64.4 %, 62.8 % and 17.6 % respectively.

• Weed & Turfgrass Science
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.76-86
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• 2018

Turfgrass species were evaluated for their rooting and foliar characteristics, and their interaction with the soil. The rooting system was divided into three compartments, one above another, such that the top and bottom compartments of the root system could be supplied with a nutrient deprived solution. Exposure of parts of the roots to nitrate deprivation caused a localised retardation of root initiation and extension, compared with zones receiving the full supply of nutrients. This resulted in considerable modification to root form, coupled with a significant depression in foliar growth. The extension of roots was the least affected by the deprivation of potassium. Phosphate and calcium deprivations gave rise to similar responses in root and foliar formation. Results from this study showed that external concentrations of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and calcium are required by the root system in varying amounts for optimal growth of roots. Turfgrass coverage and turf quality ratings further reinforced these findings. No significant difference was observed between the different grasses examined here. All three species responded similarly to the deprivation of the various nutrients. Results from this study confirmed that targeted fertilization programs are beneficial and can help reduce cost, chemical usage and prevent leachate and contamination.

• 한국생태학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국생태학회 2002년도 VIII 세계생태학대회
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• pp.101-105
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• 2002

Fine root decomposition and nutrient release patterns were examined using in situ buried fine root (< 2mm in diameter) bags inserted vertically into the mineral soil to a depth of the top 15 cm in a sawtooth oak (Quercus acutissima) and a Korean pine (Pinus korainesis) stands in the Jungbu Forest Experiment Station, Kyonggi-do, Korea. The pine roots compared with the oak roots showed rapid mass loss in early stages of decomposition, but decomposed similarly after 12 months of incubation. Decomposition rates of fine roots were about 33%/yr for the oak roots and 37%/yr for the pine roots. Nutrients except for calcium and phosphorus showed similar concentrations between the oak and the pine roots during the study period. However, calcium concentration was significantly higher in the oak than in the pine roots. Nutrient concentrations in both stands except for nitrogen decreased during the study period. In addition, potassium compared with other nutrients was the most mobile ion and about 70% of initial amount was released during the first 3 months of incubation. The results indicate that tree species influence mass loss and nutrient dynamics of fine roots on similar site conditions.