• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제47권6호
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• pp.525-532
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• 2014

Since mine wastes were merely dumped in the mine waste dump, they have produced acid mine drainage (AMD). Therefore, main objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of coal combustion products (CCPs) on heavy metal stabilization and detoxification for mine wastes. Total six treatments for incubation test were conducted depending on mixing method (completely mixing and layered). Also, lysimeter experiment was conducted to examine efficiency of polyacrylamide (PAM) on reduction of mine wastes erosion. Result of incubation test showed that concentrations of soluble aluminium (Al) and iron (Fe) in leachate decreased compared to control. The lowest soluble Al and Fe in leachate was observed in 50% mixed treatment (14.2 and $1.03mg\;kg^{-1}$ for Al and Fe respectively) compared to control treatment (253.0 for Al and $52.6mg\;kg^{-1}$ for Fe). The pH of mine wastes (MW) and leachate increased compared to control after mixing with CCPs and ordered as control (MW 6.4, leachate 6.3) < 10% (MW 7.7, leachate 7.1) < 20% (MW 9.0, leachate 7.8) < 30% (MW 9.5, leachate 8.3) < 40% (MW 9.9, leachate 8.5) < 50% (MW 10.5, leachate 8.6). Application of PAM, both in liquid and granular type, dramatically decreased the suspended solid (SS) concentration of CCPs treatments. Reduction of SS loss was ordered as MW70CR30L ($24.4mg\;L^{-1}$) > MW70CR30LPL ($6.7mg\;L^{-1}$) > NT ($3.1mg\;L^{-1}$) > MW70CR30M ($1.6mg\;L^{-1}$) > MW70CR30MPL ($1.1mg\;L^{-1}$) > MW70CR30PGM ($0.7mg\;L^{-1}$) > MW70CR30LPG ($0.5mg\;L^{-1}$) > MW70CR30MPG ($0.4mg\;L^{-1}$). Overall, application of CCPs can be environmental friendly and cost-effective way to remediate coal mine wastes contaminated with heavy metals. In addition, use of PAM could help to prevent the erosion coal mine wastes in mine waste disposal area.

• 한국건설순환자원학회논문집
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• 제10권4호
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• pp.457-464
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• 2022

본 연구에서는 베트남에서 발생하는 4종의 플라이애시에 대하여, XRF, 강열감량, SEM, PSA분석을 실시하였고, 국내 발생 화력발전 플라이애시와 비교하였다. 그 결과 PC보일러 플라이애시의 경우, SiO₂, Al₂O₃, Fe₂O₃의 함량이 약 70 %를 차지하여 국내 플라이애시와 비슷한 화학조성을 갖는 것으로 나타났다. 또한, 베트남 고로슬래그와 국내 고로슬래그를 비교한 결과 유사한 품질기준과 성능을 나타내는 것으로 확인되었다. 베트남에서 수급한 4종의 플라이애시를 이용하여 지반주입재 배합시험을 실시하였으며, 양생 28일 기준 압축강도는 7.60~13.25 MPa로 나타났다. 가장 압축강도가 크게 나타난 Vinh Tan 플라이애시 원료를 선정하여 약액주입공법용 지반주입재 원료로 활용하였다. 약액주입공법의 배합은 급결재로서 규산소다 3호와 실리카졸을 사용하였다. Vinh Tan 플라이애시를 사용한 지반주입재의 겔타임과 호모겔 압축강도를 측정한 결과 국내 건설현장 적용기준을 만족하는 것으로 나타나, Vinh Tan 플라이애시의 경우 약액주입공법용 지반주입재로 활용이 가능할 것으로 사료되었다.

• 한국농공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국농공학회 2005년도 학술발표논문집
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• pp.367-374
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• 2005

In order to construct the farm road in Shi-Hwa project, coarse soils excavated from hillsides have been used as road materials for reclamation. Suitable borrow pits available in land are now limited and also they bring about environmental problems when soils are excavated at the borrow pits and transported to the site. When using fine and wet materials as fill, however, many engineering problems can be encountered. Usually, the materials have high water contents, low strength, and high compressibility. In order to use them, we need research that can improve the inherent properties of those materials. In order to tackle with the problems, researches on soil improvement involve mixing lime geo-cement to the fine wet soils. A lab model test is necessary to verify effectiveness and comparison of those techniques. A field test is also required to show applicability and to find problems that may exist in the design and construction stages.

• 한국지반공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지반공학회 2002년도 가을 학술발표회 논문집
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• pp.350-357
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• 2002

The scale effect should be considered to determine the bearing capacity and settlement of footings from Plate-Load Test, because of the size difference between a footing and a loading plate. To analyze characteristics of bearing capacity and settlement according to the difference of loading plate sizes, model tests were peformed with four different sizes of square plate, which is B=10, 15, 20 and 25cm respectively, on five different kinds of subsoil, which is pure sand(100:0), sand-clay mixed soil(75:25, 50:50, 25:75), and pure clay(0:100). Based on the analyzed results, this paper also proposed a method of bearing capacity and settlement determination, where scale effect is considered depending on the mixing ratio of sand and clay. Applying the formular proposed in this research to field problems, it is expected that evaluation of bearing capacity and settlement of footings can be more reliable and more economic construction can be achieved.

• 한국지하수토양환경학회지:지하수토양환경
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• 제29권1호
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• pp.1-9
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• 2024

As part of monitoring technology aimed at verifying the stability of CO₂ geologic storage and mitigating concerns about leakage, a method for measuring the pH and alkalinity of high-pressure fluid samples was established to obtain practical technology. pH measurement for high-pressure samples utilized a high-pressure pH electrode, and alkalinity was measured using the Gran titration method for samples collected with a piston cylinder sampler (PCS). Experimental samples, referencing CO₂-rich water and CO₂ geologic storage studies, were prepared in the laboratory. The PCS controls the piston, preventing CO₂ degassing and maintaining fluid pressure, allowing mixing with KOH to fix dissolved CO₂. Results showed a 6.1% average error in high-pressure pH measurement. PCS use for sample collection maintained pressure, preventing CO₂ degassing. However, PCS-collected sample alkalinity measurements had larger errors than non-PCS measurements, limiting PCS practicality in monitoring field settings. Nevertheless, PCS could find utility in preprocessing for carbon isotope analysis and other applications. This research not only contributes to the field of CCS monitoring but also suggests potential applications in studies related to natural analogs of CCS, CO₂-rock interaction experiments, core flooding experiments, and beyond.

• 한국지반환경공학회 논문집
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• 제17권11호
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• pp.35-43
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• 2016

이 연구는 복합발효미생물을 이용하여 유수지 악취 제거와 유수지 토양에 흡착된 오염물질의 정화효과를 확인하고, 현장 적용성 시험을 바탕으로 토양오염 정화시스템을 개발하기 위한 것이다. 토양 내에 침전된 유기오염물질을 분석하여 악취유발 원인과 토양오염 물질을 확인하였다. 개발된 복합발효미생물과의 혼합발효를 이용하여 악취와 오염물질을 분해하는 것이 가능함을 확인하였으며, 유수지 오염토의 물리 화학적 구성과 토양에 흡착된 오염물질을 확인하여 악취의 원인을 규명하였다. 또한, 복합발효미생물과 유수지토의 혼합실험을 통해 혼합방법에 따른 오염물질 제거효율을 분석하였다. 아울러, 복합미생물을 이용한 악취 제거 방법은 한 종류의 미생물을 이용하는 것보다 오염 제거에 효과적임을 확인하였다. 복합발효미생물을 이용한 방법은 자연정화처리 방법에 비해 악취농도가 2.5배 저감하는 것으로 측정되었으며, 토양으로부터 배출된 간극수의 수질이 개선된 것으로 나타났다. 또한, 복합발효미생물과 유수지 혼합토의 교반실험에서 토양입자 표면에 흡착된 구리와 납이 각각 65%와 66%로 저감되는 것을 확인하였으며, 유기물인 TPH 성분은 85%의 저감 효과가 있는 것을 확인하였다. 복합미생물을 이용한 유수지 오염토의 복원은 교반과 혼합비에 대한 기초자료 축적을 통해 악취와 토양오염을 효율적으로 저감시킬 수 있는 장기적인 정화시스템을 개발하고 적용할 필요가 있다.

• 한국지반공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지반공학회 2002년도 봄 학술발표회 논문집
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• pp.731-738
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• 2002

Recently, as large constructions on the coast are performed frequently, surface layer stabilization method which Is one of the improvement methods for dredged soft clay has been applied. However, there have been few studies about the surface layer stabilization method. The purpose of this study is to clarify characteristics of ultra-soft marine clay and hardening agent. Also, optimal mixture ratio of hardening agent was verified through the laboratory tests such as statistical analysis and pilot tests. Laboratory tests were performed with proper hardening agent and test soil and standard mixing tables of hardening agent were determined according to ground conditions through statistical analysis. Also, applicability of surface layer stabilization method to field was verified by pilot tests. From the results of the tests, it was found that hardening agent materials such as cement, slag, fly-ash, inorganic salts, arwin, gypsum etc. affect on the appearing compressive strength. It was defined optimal mixture ratio which satisfies the required compressive strength from the statistical analysis. Also, It was compared the effect of ground improvement by cements and hardening agents through the pilot tests. This study will serve as data for design or construction criteria of stabilization of surface layer on ultra-soft marine clay.

• 한국지반신소재학회논문집
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.97-107
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• 2017

최근 도심지에서 지반함몰이 많이 발생하고 있으며 복구작업시 현장 주변 통제로 매우 복잡하고 불편하고 복구대책 공법으로 그라우팅 및 흙메우기 공법이 적용되고 있지만 지반 내 지하수위의 존재 및 공동상태에 따라 재료분리 현상이 발생하거나 많은 양의 복구재료가 요구되는 경우가 많고 지하수의 흐름에 따라 지반 내에서 유실되는 경우도 발생하고 있어 본 연구는 도심지에서 지반함몰이 발생하고 신속하게 복구하는 것을 목표로 지반공동의 긴급보강을 위해 비개착식 공법에 적용할 파우치형 충전재를 개발하는 것으로 지하수의 온도에 따라 충전재의 압축강도 및 팽창비가 다른 것과, 알루미나 파우더의 혼합을 통해 압축강도와 팽창률을 조절할 수 있음을 확인했다.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제48권1호
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• pp.8-14
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• 2015

Livestock waste compost tea is a liquid extract of compost obtained by mixing livestock compost. In this study, some chemical and microbiological characteristics of compost tea depending on the kind of raw materials used were examined, and several experiments to investigate the practical effects on Chinese cabbage cultivation were conducted. This experiment showed that livestock composts needed to be added into aerated water at the ratio between 1:100 and 1:10 (1 part compost to 10~100 parts water) to produce the high quality compost tea. Compost teas must be aerated more than 24 to 48 hours to be able to support aerobic organisms. In cultivation test with compost teas, swine manure compost teas were made by the extracting ratio of 50x, in the aerated condition for 24 hours in water and oil cake in the extracting ratio of 100x were added as supplements. Following the input of oil cake, the concentration of nitrogen and aerobic bacteria increased. Another experiment was conducted to determine the effect of different swine manure compost teas on plant growth and yield of Chinese cabbage. The fresh yield of Chinese cabbage was higher in the fertigated plots by compost tea with oil cake compared to those of N, $P_2O_5$, $K_2O$ fertilization plot with chemical fertilizer by soil test recommendation (Fert. NPK). The effect of compost tea on growth of Chinese cabbage was largely attributable to the increased number of microorganisms as well as nutrients.

• 한국환경농학회지
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.306-315
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• 2006

강우에 의한 경사지 토양으로부터의 농약 유출양상을 파악하고 그에 대한 농약의 특성, 환경적 요인 및 영농방법 등의 영향 정도를 평가하기 위하여 토양흡착실험과 인공강우유출실험을 수행하였다. 흡착실험을 수행하여 농약의 이동 가능성과 이동형태를 파악하고 인공강우시설을 이용한 유출실험으로 강우양상 및 경사도의 영향 정도를 파악하여 농약의 표면유출에 의한 유실 수준을 평가하고자 하였다. 각 농약의 Freundlich 흡착계수 K는 ethoprophos $1.2{\sim}2.2$, alachlor $1.5{\sim}2.6$, ethalfluralin $56{\sim}94$ 및 pendimethalin $104{\sim}189$ 순이었다. 일반적인 흡착실험 방법인 용액에 존재하는 농약을 토양에 흡착시키는 방법보다 농약을 토양에 혼화처리한 후 탈착시키는 방법에서 흡착계수 값이 높았고, Freundlich 등온흡착식의 직선성을 나타내는 1/n 값은 탈착방법의 경우 $0.96{\sim}1.02$이었고 흡착방법의 경우는 $0.87{\sim}1.02$로 나타나 탈착방법에 의한 흡착계수 측정방법이 물질의 처리농도에 의하여 영향을 적게 받는 것으로 확인되었다. 영국 SSLRC의 이동성 분류기준으로 판단하면 alachlor와 ethoprophos는 moderately mobile$(75{\leq}Koc<500)$ 등급에 해당하였으며, ethalfluralin 및 pendimethalin은 Koc 4000을 초과하여 non-mobile 등급에 속하였다. 인공강우 처리구의 유출수 및 유실토양에 의한 농약 유실율은 각각 alachlor $1.0{\sim}6.4%$ 및 $0.3{\sim}1.2%,\;ethalfluralin\;1.0{\sim}2.5%$ 및 $1.7{\sim}10.1%,\;pendimethalin\;1.3{\sim}2.9%$ 및 $3.8{\sim}10.8%,\;ethoprophos\;0.6{\sim}2.7%$ 및 $0.1{\sim}0.3%$이었다. 인공강우실험 후 공약의 토심별 분포를 살펴 본 결과 alachlor와 ethopropho는 토심 $10{\sim}15cm$까지 이동하였고, ethalfluralin과 pendimethalin는 대부분 토심 5 cm 이내에 잔류하였다. 경사도 30%의 경우가 10%에 비하여 각 농약의 유실량이 $0.2{\sim}1.9$ 배 증가하였는데 유출수에 의한 농약의 유실량 차이는 유출수 중 농도 차이로 판단되며, 유실토양에 의한 농약 유실량 차이는 토양 유실량과 관계되는 것으로 생각되었다. 농약의 강우에 의한 유실은 복잡하게 작용하는 많은 환경적 요인에 의하여 영향을 받지만 정교하게 구성된 환경 시나리오에 의하여 예측 가능할 것으로 판단되었다.