• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.45 no.6
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• pp.877-881
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• 2012

This research was carried out to investigate the interaction effect of slope gradient and rainfall intensity on soil loss with rainfall simulator. The soils used in this experiment were saprolite, Chahang series which distributed extensively in Daegwanryong. Slope gradient applied was 0.5, 7, 15 and 30%. Rainfall intensity applied was 20, 60 and $90mm\;hr^{-1}$. The result obtained can be summarised as follow; Overall, Chahang series suffered more losses than saprolite. Chahang series shows the immediately large increase of soil loss with the increasing soil gradient and rainfall intensity. However, saprolite shows a little increasing loss up to 7% gradient and abruptly increasing loss logarithmically over 7% gradient in soil slope. In combination of slope gradient 15, 30% and rainfall intensity 60, $90mm\;hr^{-1}$ processing, both soil erosion happened significantly. And there was no significant difference between the two soils. Because Chahang series have the danger of soil loss with low slope gradient and rainfall intensity, we should give greater attention to soil management in Chahang series.

• Journal of Korean Society on Water Environment
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• v.25 no.6
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• pp.821-831
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• 2009

The study was aimed to assess the expected impact of climate change on the water cycle and soil losses in Daecheong Reservoir watershed, Korea using the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) that was validated for the watershed in a previous study. Future climate data including precipitation, temperature and humidity generated by introducing a regional climate model (Mesoscale Model Version 5, MM5) to dynamically downscale global circulation model (European Centre Hamburg Model Version 4, ECHAM4) were used to simulate the hydrological responses and soil erosion processes in the future 100 years (2001~2100) under the Special Report on Emissions Scenario (SRES) A1B. The results indicated that the climate change may increase in the amount of surface runoff and thereby sediment load to the reservoir. Spatially, the impact was relatively more significant in the subbasin Bocheongcheon because of its lower occupation rate of forest land compared to other subbasins. Seasonally, the increase of surface runoff and soil losses was more significant during late summer and fall season when both flood control and turbidity flow control are necessary for the reservoir and downstream. The occurrence of extreme turbidity flow events during these period is more vulnerable to reservoir operation because the suspended solids that remained water column can be resuspended by vertical mixing during winter turnover period. The study results provide useful information for the development of adaptive management strategy for the reservoir to cope with the expected impact of future climate change.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Geographic Information Studies
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.101-115
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• 2006

As coastal erosion is increasing sharply because of sudden changes in the natural environment and increases in artificial development, the problem of coastal erosion become an important issue, socially and economically. To building the data which needed to grasp the situation and find a solution, we need the monitoring system for long-term. In this study, we analyzed the coastal topography and land cover changes in the Haeundae Beach during 60 years. The Haeundae Beach is the most famous beach in the country and coastal erosion are going on. First, we analyzed the change of coastal topography by calculated the coastline and area of the beach using aerial photos during 60 years. We extracted the coastline by digitized on aerial photo and corrected the height of tide level using sounding and GPS survey data. And we computed the area of beach and analyzed the change of area during 60 years. Second, we analyzed the change of land cover using landcover map. We made the detailed landcover map by on-screen digitizing and estimated the soil loss for the area nearby Haeundae Beach. As a result, we could see that the coastline get nearer to land and the area of beach has been reduced in general. We think that interception of sand supply by the development is the artificial cause of coastal erosion. The result of this study would be useful in long-term coastal monitoring and to analyze the cause of coastal environment change. We expect that the result is available on the coastal information system.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.41 no.4
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• pp.365-376
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• 2021

In general, domestic streams and rivers are composed of alluvial rivers consisting of sand and gravel beds. These rivers can cause erosion and riverbed changes due to sudden changes in flow rates, such as floods, torrential rains, and heavy rains. In particular, there are various types of erosion, such as contraction erosion caused by changes in river shape, or local erosion occurring around obstacles such as piers, abutments or embankments. In addition, river changes can occur in various forms, such as static or dynamic periods, due to limitations such as flow rate, velocity, and shear stress. This study focused on the erosions of embankments directly related to human casualties among various river structures, and evaluated limit velocities and critical shear stress in order to identify changes in strength of natural materials by identifying the characteristics of natural hoan materials and resistance to erosions. In particular, the limitations of materials according to the type of materials in the river, characteristics of particles, and size of particles were studied using Soil loss, which is a change in the volume of the revetment material, and it is intended to be used as basic data for river design and restoration.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers
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• v.52 no.3
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• pp.97-104
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• 2010

The purpose of this study is to evaluate sediment yield reduction under various field slope conditions with rice straw mat. The Vegetative Filter Strip Model-W (VFSMOD-W) and Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) were used for simulation of sediment yield reduction effect of rice straw mat. The Universe Soil Loss Equation Practice factor (USLE P factor), being able to reflect simulation of rice straw mat in the agricultural field, were estimated for each slope with VFSMOD-W and measured soil erosion values under 5, 10, and 20 % slopes. Then with the regression equation for slopes, USLE P factor was derived and used as input data for each Hydrological Response Unit (HRU) in the SWAT model. The SWAT Spatially Distributed-HRU (SD-HRU) pre-processor module was utilized, moreover, in order to consider spatial location and topographic features (measured topographic features by field survey) of all HRU within each subwatershed in the study watershed. Result of monthly sediment yield without rice straw mat (Jan. 2000 - Aug. 2007) was 814.72 ton/month, and with rice straw mat (Jan. 2000 - Aug. 2007) was 526.75 ton/month, which was reduced as 35.35 % compared without it. Also, during the rainy season (from Jun. to Sep. 2000 - 2007), when without vs. with rice straw mat, monthly sediment indicated 2,109.54 ton and 1,358.61 ton respectively. It showed about 35.60 % was reduced depending on rice straw mat. As shown in this study, if rice straw mat is used as a Best Management Practice (BMP) in the sloping fields, rainfall-driven sediment yield will be reduced effectively.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2010.05a
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• pp.605-609
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• 2010

기상변화와 지구온난화로 인해 국지성 호우의 강도와 빈도가 늘어나고 있으며 이로 인해 소양강, 도암댐, 임하댐 유역의 탁수 문제 등, 토양 유실에 관한 문제가 심각해지고 있다. 정확한 토양 유실 모의를 위하여 지난 수 십 년간 Universal Soil Loss Equation(USLE) 등의 모형이 사용되었지만 이러한 모형들에 관한 연구 중 강한 집중 호우에 의해 발생하는 걸리 침식(Gully Erosion)을 적용한 경우는 많지 않다. 이에 본 연구에서는 걸리 침식을 고려한 토양 유실량 및 유사량 산정을 위하여 입력자료가 간단하고 ArcView GIS를 기반으로 융합이 가능한 Sediment Assessment Tool for Effective Erosion Control (SATEEC) system, nLS, Unit Stream Power-based Erosion/Deposition (USPED) 연계 모형을 개발하여 강원도 양구군 해안면 유역에 적용하였다. 기존 SATEEC system에서는 강우 시 유역에서 발생하는 면상 침식(Sheet Erosion), 세류 침식(Rill Erosion)의 모의만이 가능하였지만, 본 연구에서 개발한 연계모형에서는 nLS 모형을 이용한 걸리 헤드 발생 지역 선정과 USPED 모형을 이용한 걸리 발생 지역에서의 토양 유실량 산정이 가능하기 때문에, 걸리 침식을 고려한 토양 유실량 산정이 가능하다. 연계 모형의 모의 결과 해안면 유역의 최종 유출구에서 발생하는 평균 유사량은 101,933 ton/year 로 산정 되었다. 토양 유실량과 유사량을 모의함에 있어, 면상, 세류, 걸리 침식을 종합적으로 고려해야 실제 지형에서 발생하는 토양 유실량 및 유사량을 좀 더 정확하게 예측할 수 있을 것이며, 본 연구에서 개발된 연계 모형을 이용한다면 실제 유역에서 발생하는 여러 형태의 토양 유실을 모의 할 수 있을 것이라 판단된다.

• Magazine of the Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers
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• v.45 no.3
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• pp.29-40
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• 2003

The objective of the paper is to compute the half-month rainfall-runoff erosivity factor for revised universal soil loss equation (RUSLE). RUSLE is being used to develop soil conservation programs and identify optimum management practices. Rainfall-runoff erosivity factor (R) is a key input parameter to RUSLE. Rainfall-runoff erosivity factor has been calculated for twenty six stations from the nationwide rainfall data from 1973 to 2002 in south Korea. The average annual Rainfall-runoff erosivity factor at the analyzed stations Is between 3,130 and 10,476 (MJ/ha)ㆍ(mm/h). According to the computation of the half-month Rainfall-runoff erosivity factor for locations, 66-85% of the average annual R value has occurred during the summer months, June-August. The half-month R values from this study can be used for RUSLE.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2008.05a
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• pp.1324-1328
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• 2008

RUSLE(Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation) is one of empirical models for estimating the soil loss effectively, when there is no measured data from the study areas. It has been researching into application and estimation of the RUSLE parameters in Korea. As one of the RUSLE parameters, the rainfall-runoff erosivity factor R, is closely connected hydrologic characteristics of the study areas. It requires a continuous record of rainfall measurement at a minute time step for each storm to calculate an accurate R factor by the RUSLE methodology and it takes a lot of time to analyze it. For the more simplified and reasonable estimation of the rainfall erosivity, this study researched for correlation between the rainfall erosivity and mean annual precipitation used 122 data from the existing studies in Korea. Considering hydrologic homogeneity, new regression equations are presented and compared with other annual erosive empirical index for the test of application. As the results, the study presents the isoerodent map at 59 sites in Korea, using annual rainfall data by the Korea Meteorological Administration from 1978 to 2007.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Soil and Groundwater Environment Conference
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• 2002.09a
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• pp.75-80
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• 2002

Enormous volumes of mining wastes from the abandoned and closed mines are disposed without a proper treatment at Southeastern part of Kangwon Province. Erosion of these wastes contaminates soil, surface water, and sediments with heavy metals. Objectives of this research were to fractionate heavy metals in the mine waste and to assess the potential S. P. A. G.(Soil Pollution Assesment Guidance) of each metal fraction. Mine wastes analyzed for physical and chemical properties. pH of wastes ranged from 3.3 to 8.0. Contents of total N and loss on ignition matter were in the ranges of 0.2~5.6%, and 0.8~15.3%, respectively. Heavy metals in the wastes were higher in the coal mines than those in the other mine wastes. Total concentrations of metals in the wastes were in the orders of Pb > Zn > Cu > Cd, exceeded the corrective action level of the Soil Environment Conservation Law and higher than the natural abundance levels reported from uncontaminated soils. Relative distribution of heavy metal fractions was residual > organic > reducible > carbonate > adsorbed, reversing the degree of metal bioavailability. Mobile fractions of metals were relatively small compared to the total concentrations. Soil Pollution Assesment Guidance(SPAG) values were ranged from 0.08 to 9.14 based on labile fraction of metal concentrations. SPAG values of labile concentration were lower than those of total concentration.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.63 no.3
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• pp.248-256
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• 2018

Reduction in the occurrence of weed and erosion of slope soil by living mulch barley simultaneously sown with soybean were investigated at the Upland Experimental Field in Suwon City in 2013 and 2014. The aboveground dry matter of 200-300, 100-200 kg/10a of living mulch barley was obtained at 40 and 60 after sowing, respectively. The occurrence of weeds was significantly reduced by barley living mulch. The early growth of soybean was reduced significantly because of the competition with barley living mulch, but the late growth of soybean after natural drying of barley living mulch was recovered considerably. The soybean grain yield with barley living mulch was similar to that of the normal soybean cultivation, showing no significant difference between no mulch and living mulch treatments. With respect to soil erosion on the slope soil, the amount of run-off water decreased by 20-50% and the amount of soil loss decreased by 70-90% by barley living mulch. The reduction in soil erosion by the use of plastic film + barley living mulch was similar to that of only barley living mulch. The barley living mulch in soybean production can be a promising cultivation technique as it reduces weed occurrence and soil erosion without grain yield reduction.