• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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• v.48 no.8
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• pp.647-657
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• 2015

This study assessed the water use vulnerability for 12 basins of South Korea. The annual runoff of 12 basins are derived using a Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) and the calculated runoff per unit area and population are compared with each basin. The 18 indicators are selected in order to assess the vulnerability. Those are classified by aspects of demand, loss and supply of water use. Their weighting values used Entropy method to determine objective weights. To quantitatively assess the water use vulnerability, the Technique for Order of Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS) based on multi-criteria decision making are applied. The results show that the water availability vulnerability of Hyeongsan River has the highest value followed by Sapgyo River; Dongjin River; Seomjin River; Anseong River; Mangyung River; Nakdong River; Tamjin River; Youngsan River, Geum River; Taehwa River; and Han River. The result of this study has a capability to provide references for the index deveopment of climate change vulnerability assessment.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers Conference
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• 2005.10a
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• pp.632-636
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• 2005

Accelerated soil erosion is a worldwide problem because of its economic and environmental impacts. To effectively estimate soil erosion and to establish soil erosion management plans, many computer models have been developed and used. The Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation (RUSLE) has been used in many countries, and input parameter data for RUSLE have been well established over the years. However, the RUSLE cannot be used to estimate the sediment yield for a watershed. Thus, the GIS-based Sediment Assessment Tool for Effective Erosion Control (SATEEC) was developed to estimate soil loss and sediment yield for any location within a watershed using the RUSLE and a spatially distributed sediment delivery ratio. SATEEC was enhanced in this study by developing new modules to:1) simulate the effects of sediment retention basins on the receiving water bodies, 2) prepare input parameters for the Web-based sediment decision support system using a GIS interface. This easy-to-operate SATEEC system can be used to identify areas vulnerable to soil loss and to develop efficient soil erosion management plans.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers
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• v.50 no.1
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• pp.3-12
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• 2008

Soil erosion is a natural process and has been occurring in most areas in the watershed. However, accelerated soil erosion rates have been causing numerous environmental impacts in recent years. To reduce soil erosion and sediment inflow into the water bodies, site-specific soil erosion best management practices(BMPs) need to be established and implemented. The most commonly used soil erosion model is the Universal Soil Loss Equation(USLE), which have been used in many countries over 30 years. The Sediment Assessment Tool for Effective Erosion Control(SATEEC) ArcView GIS system has been developed and enhanced to estimate the soil erosion and sediment yield trom the watershed using the USLE input data. In the last decade, the Soil and Water Assessment Tool(SWAT) model also has been widely used to estimate soil erosion and sediment yield at a watershed scale. The SATEEC system estimates the LS factor using the equation suggested by Moore and Burch, while the SWAT model estimates the LS factor based on the relationship between sub watershed average slope and slope length. Thus the SATEEC and SWAT estimated soil erosion values were compared in this study. The differences in LS factor estimation methods in the SATEEC and SWAT caused significant difference in estimated soil erosion. In this study, the difference was -51.9%(default threshold)${\sim}-54.5%$(min. threshold) between SATEEC and non-patched SWAT, and -7.8%(default threshold)${\sim}+3.8%$(min. threshold) between SATEEC and patched SWAT estimated soil erosion.

• Journal of Korean Society on Water Environment
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.7-17
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• 2009

Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) was used to assess the impact of potential future climate change on the water cycle and soil loss of the Daecheong reservoir watershed. A sensitivity analysis using influence coefficient method was conducted for two selected hydrological input parameters and three selected sediment input parameters to identify the most to the least sensitive parameters. A further detailed sensitivity analysis was performed for the parameters: Manning coefficient for channel (Cn), evaporation (ESCO), and sediment concentration in lateral (LAT_SED), support practice factor (USLA_P). Calibration and verification of SWAT were performed on monthly basis for 1993~2006 and 1977~1991, respectively. The model efficiency index (EI) and coefficient of determination ($R^2$) computed for the monthly comparisons of runoffs were 0.78 and 0.76 for the calibration period, and 0.58 and 0.65 for the verification period. The results showed that the hydrological cycle in the watershed is very sensitive to climate factors. A doubling of atmospheric $CO_2$ concentrations was predicted to result in an average annual flow increase of 27.9% and annual sediment yield increase of 23.3%. Essentially linear impacts were predicted between two precipitation change scenarios of -20, and 20%, which resulted in average annual flow and sediment yield changes at Okcheon of -53.8%, 63.0% and -55.3%, 65.8%, respectively. An average annual flow increase of 46.3% and annual sediment yield increase of 36.4% was estimated for a constant humidity increase 5%. An average annual flow decrease of 9.6% and annual sediment yield increase of 216.4% was estimated for a constant temperature increase $4^{\circ}C$.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2009.05a
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• pp.2014-2017
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• 2009

유출량과 수질자료는 하천을 관리하는데 있어 필수적인 수문자료이다. 미계측 유역의 경우 유출량은 면적비유량법 및 강우-유출모형을 통해서 유출량을 산정하고 있다. 강우-유출 모형에는 HEC-1, HEC-HMS, SWMM등의 여러 가지 모형이 쓰이고 있으며, 수질자료는 Qual2K, Qual2E 등의 모델을 이용하여 자료를 산출하고 있다. 기존의 모델들은 토지이용과 토양의 특성을 반영하기 어렵다. 토지이용과 토양의 특성을 반영하기 어려웠던 기존의 모형과는 달리 SWAT(Soil And Water Assessment Tool) 모형의 경우 GIS(Geographic Information system)를 이용함으로써 정확한 토지이용과 토양특성을 적용할 수 있다는 장점이 있으며, 시 공간적 변화를 고려할 수 있다. 또한, 유역을 소유역으로 세분화함으로써 수문학적 응답 단위(Hydrologic Response unit : HRU)로 계산이 가능하여 더욱 세밀한 모의가 가능하다. 본 연구에서는 SWAT모형을 전남 나주시와 화순군에 걸쳐 흐르는 지석천 유역에 적용하여 유출량과 수질을 모의함으로써 실제유역과 유사한 물리적 모의를 실행하였다. 그 결과 SWAT모형이 대상지역의 부하량과 유출량 모의에 높은 적용성을 나타냈다.

• Journal of Korean Society on Water Environment
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.535-542
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• 2007

The Geumho river watershed located in the middle of the Nakdong river has been threatened by high population growth and urbanization. Of concern specifically is the potential impact of future developments in the watershed on the reduction of base flow and the consequent risk of degradation of ecological habitats in Geumho river. Anticipated increase in imperviousness, on the other hand, is expected to elevate flood risk and the associated environmental damage. A watershed hydrology based modeling study is initiated in this study to assist in planning for sustainable future development in the Geumho river watershed. The Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) is selected to model the impact of urbanization in the Geumho river watershed on the hydrologic response thereof. The modeling results show that in general the likelihood that the watershed will experience high and low stream flows will increase in view of the urbanization so far achieved.

• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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• v.38 no.5 s.154
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• pp.415-425
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• 2005

This study estimated the optimal rain gauge density and sub-basin size for the application of a daily rainfall-runoff analysis model called SWAT (Soil and Water Assessment Tool). Simulated rainfall data using a WGR multi-dimensional precipitation model (Waymire et al., 1984) were applied to SWAT for runoff estimation, and then the runoff error was analyzed with respect to various rain gauge density and sub-basin size. As results of the study, we could find that the optimal sub-basin size and the representative area of one rain gauge are similar to be about $80km^2$ for the Yong-Dam dam basin.

• Journal of Korean Society on Water Environment
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.351-362
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• 2009

The Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) model, semi-distributed model, first divides the watershed into multiple subwatersheds, and then extracts the basic computation element, called the Hydrologic Response Unit (HRU). In the process of HRU generation, the spatial information of land use and soil maps within each subwatershed is lost. The SWAT model estimates the HRU topographic data based on the average slope of each subwatershed, and then use this topographic datum for all HRUs within the subwatershed. To improve the SWAT capabilities for various watershed scenarios, the Spatially Distributed-HRU (SD-HRU) pre-processor module was developed in this study to simulate site-specific topographic data. The SD-HRU was applied to the Hae-an watershed, where field slope lengths and slopes are measured for all agricultural fields. The analysis revealed that the SD-HRU pre-processor module needs to be applied in SWAT sediment simulation for accurate analysis of soil erosion and sediment behaviors. If the SD-HRU pre-processor module is not applied in SWAT runs, the other SWAT factors may be over or under estimated, resulting in errors in physical and empirical computation modules although the SWAT estimated flow and sediment values match the measured data reasonably well.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2010.05a
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• pp.1466-1470
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• 2010

토양수분은 지표의 다양한 과정을 통제하는 중요한 수문학적 변수며 이에 신뢰할 수 있는 토양수분의 정보를 습득하는 것은 매우 중요하다. 그러나 정확한 토양수분의 실측자료는 그 설치비용과 인력부족으로 매우 빈약하여 이를 대체할 만한 정보를 획득하기 위한 연구 또한 부족하다. 요즘, 많은 수문모형의 개발로 토양 수분 또한 결과물로써 많이 이용된다. 그러나 모형에서 모의된 토양수분의 신뢰성을 판단할 때는 실측자료를 이용하는 것이 가장 이상적이나, 토양수분의 실측값이 부족하므로, 유역의 토양수분 실측자료 대신 모의된 토양수분을 적용할 필요가 있다. 이에 따라 본 연구에서는 우리나라 소양강댐 유역에 대하여 SWAT(Soil and Water Assessment Tool) 모형을 이용하여 실측 토양수분자료를 최대한 활용함으로써 토양수분을 모의하였다. 또한 모의된 토양수분을 Terra MODIS NDVI(Normalized Difference Vegetation Index)와 LST(Land Surface Temperature)과의 상관성을 계절별, 월별로 분석하여 그 관계식을 도출하고자 하였다.

• Proceedings of the KSRS Conference
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• 2008.10a
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• pp.204-207
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• 2008

The purpose of this study is to identify how much the MODIS NDVI (Normalized Difference Vegetation Index) can explain the soil moisture simulated from SWAT (Soil and Water Assessment Tool) continuous hydrological model. For the application, ChungjuDam watershed (6,661.3 $km^2$) was adopted which covers land uses of 82.2 % forest, 10.3 % paddy field, and 1.8 % upland crop respectively. For the preparation of spatial soil moisture distribution, the SWAT model was calibrated and verified at two locations (watershed outlet and Yeongwol water level gauging station) of the watershed using daily streamflow data of 7 years (2000-2006). The average Nash and Sutcliffe model efficiencies for the verification at two locations were 0.83 and 0.91 respectively. The 16 days spatial correlation between MODIS NDVI and SWAT soil moisture were evaluated especially during the NDVI increasing periods for forest areas.