• Ocean Systems Engineering
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.107-120
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• 2017

Spud-can is used for fixing jack-up rig on seabed. It needs to be inserted up to the required depth during the installation process to secure enough soil reaction and prevent overturning accidents. On the other hand, it should be extracted from seabed soils as fast as possible during the extraction process to minimize the corresponding operational cost. To achieve such goals, spud-can may be equipped with water-jetting system including monitoring and control. To develop such a smart spud-can, a reliable numerical simulation tool is essential and it has also to be validated against physical model tests. In this regard, authors developed a numerical simulation tool by using a commercial program ANSYS with extended Drucker-Prager (EDP) formula. Authors also conducted small-scale (1/100) physical model tests for verification and calibration purpose. By using the numerical model, a systematic parametric study is conducted both for sand and K(kaolin)-clay with varying important soil parameters and the best estimated soil properties of the physical test are deduced. Then, by using the selected soil properties, the numerical and experimental results for a sand/K-clay multi-layer case are cross-checked to show reasonably good agreement. The validated numerical model will be useful in the next-stage study which includes controllable water-jetting.

• 한국지하수토양환경학회지:지하수토양환경
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• 제26권5호
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• pp.9-19
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• 2021

This study evaluated the feasibility of combined use of physical separation and soil washing to remediate heavy metals (Pb and Cu) contaminated soil in a military shooting range. The soils were classified into two types based on the level of heavy metal concentrations: a higher contaminated soil (HCS) with Pb and Cu concentrations of 6,243 mg/kg and 407 mg/kg, respectively, and a lower contaminated soil (LCS) with their concentrations of 1,658 mg/kg and 232 mg/kg. Pb level in both soils exceeded the regulatory limit (700 mg/kg), and its concentration generally increased with decreasing soil particle size. However, in some cases, Pb concentrations increased with increasing soil particle size, presumably due to the presence of residues of bullets in the soil matrix. As a pretreatment step, a shaking table was used for physical separation of soil to remove bullet residues while fractionating the contaminated soils into different sizes. The most effective separation and fractionation were achieved at vibration velocity of 296 rpm/min, the table slope of 7.0°, and the separating water flow rate of 23 L/min. The efficiency of ensuing soil washing process for LCS was maximized by using 0.5% HCl with the soil:washing solution mixing ratio of 1:3 for 1 hr treatment. On the contrary, HCS was most effectively remediated by using 1.0% HCl with the same soil:solution mixing ratio for 3 hr. This work demonstrated that the combined use of physical separation and soil washing could be a viable option to remediate soils highly contaminated with heavy metals.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제42권별호
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• pp.28-52
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• 2009

• 한국농공학회지
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• 제42권5호
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• pp.125-132
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• 2000

This study was performed to evaluate the physical properties of reinforced soil mixture powder. Soil sample was prepared by passing into the standard sieve of No. 200 and reinforcement materials were calcium carbonate, quicklime and portland cement. Fineness, setting time, and compressive strength test for reinforced soil mixture powder were performed and analyzed to investigate their physical properties. The main results were summarized as follow. The compressive strength of soil mixture powder itself and most reinforced was reinforced according to increasing in the mixture rate of reinforcement and the rate of increase was remarkably higher in the cement reinforced soil moisture powder. It was appeared that the early compressive strength is considering higher in the cement reinforced soil moisture powder with 2% of moisture rate of accelerator.

• 한국조경학회지
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.94-103
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• 1997

The purpose of this study is to find out the effects of brick paved under-surface soil physical properties which are changed by fixed trampling. Thus, a sandy loam which is known as a profitable soil for plants is used an experimental soil to study the changes of the soil physical properties. It is related to sand bed's thickness & particle size which are settled by experimental variable factors. According to the variation of sand bed's particle size, bulk density and soil hardness at natural dryed soilcondition result in 0.075~2.00mm>2.00~5.00mm>2.00~8.00mm>5.00~8.00mm, and water content at natural dryed soil condition are observed being insensible change rate from the point that sand thickness is 30~40mm and more sand bed's thickness constructed by the variation of sand bed's thickness.

• 환경생물
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• 제36권4호
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• pp.567-575
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• 2018

토지이용별로 토양 물리성 변화를 평가하기 위하여 2009년부터 2017년까지 전국의 밭, 과수원, 논을 대상으로 토양물리성 특성을 4년 주기로 분석하였다. 밭은 작토심, 심토 유기물 함량, 심토 산중식 경도가 증가하고 심토 용적밀도가 감소하며, 개량기준 초과비율도 지속적으로 감소하였다. 과수원은 경운심이 증가하였으나 심토 유기물 함량이 감소하고 적정기준을 초과하는 비율은 4년 전보다 증가하였다. 논은 작토심, 심토 유기물 함량이 감소하고 심토 용적밀도가 증가하며 개량기준 초과비율이 증가하는 등 물리성 불량이 심화되었다. 최근 10년간 밭, 과수원에 비해 논의 물리성이 악화되는 것을 확인할 수 있었으며, 공통적으로 심토 유기물 함량이 감소하고 심토 용적밀도가 증가하는 주요한 요인은 토양유기물로 평가되었다. 따라서 토양물리성 질 관리에 유기물은 중요한 요소이었으며, 특히 논에서 지속적인 유기물 관리와 경운방법 개선 등이 필요하다.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제11권3호
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• pp.145-160
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• 1979

유기물(有機物) 시용(施用)의 토양물리성(土壤物理性) 개선(改善) 효과(效果)와 이에 따른 토양생산력(土壤生産力)과의 관계(關係)를 지금까지 이루어진 국내외(國內外) 연구결과(硏究結果)를 가지고 고찰(考察)해 보았으며, 우리나라 경작지(耕作地) 토양(土壤)의 유기물함량(有機物含量)과 토양물리성(土壤物理性)의 문제점(問題点)을 개략적(槪略的)으로 알아 보고 토양별(土壤別)로 유기물(有機物) 시용(施用)의 물리성(物理性) 개선(改善) 효과(效果)를 비교(比較) 검토(檢討)해 보았다. 유기물(有機物) 시용(施用)은 식질토(埴質土)의 투수(透水), 통기성(通氣性)을 개선(改善)하고 사질토(砂質土)의 보수력(保水力)을 증진(增進)하는 효과(效果)가 크며 토양(土壤)의 내침식성(耐浸蝕性) 및 내압밀성(耐壓密性)을 증대(增大)시키므로서 토양생산력(土壤生産力) 증진(增進), 토양보전(土壤保全), 농기계작업(農機械作業)에 매우 유익(有益)한 효과(效果)를 가져 올 수 있다. 우리나라 경작지(耕作地)에서의 유기물(有機物)의 물리성(物理性) 개선효과(改善效果)는 일반적(一般的)으로 논보다는 밭에서 훨씬 크고 토양(土壤) 유형별(類型別)로는 답(畓)에서는 미숙답(未熟畓) 보통답(普通畓)에서 크고, 전(田)에서는 사질전(砂質田) 중점출(重粘出)에서 높을 것으로 생각된다. 따라서 유기물(有機物) 시용효과(施用效果)를 극대화(極大化)한다는 면(面)에서 보면 논보다는 밭, 숙전(熟田)보다는 신개간지(新開墾地)에 더 많은 유기물(有機物)이 시용(施用)되어야 할 것이다. 토양물리성(土壤物理性) 개선면(改善面)에서 볼때 최적(最適) 토양유기물함량(土壤有機物含量)은 3.0-3.5%정도(程度)로 정(定)할 수 있으며 우리나라 경작지(耕作地)의 유기물함량(有機物含量)은 매우 낮은 수준(水準)이기 때문에 보다 많은 유기물(有機物)을 계속(繼續) 시용(施用)하여 토양유기물(土壤有機物) 함량(含量)을 증가(增加)시켜 주는데 많은 노력(努力)을 경주(傾注)해야 할 것이다.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제61권6호
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• pp.324-332
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• 2019

This study aimed to identify the causality between climatic and soil variables affecting the yield of Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam., IRG) in the paddy field by constructing the pathways via structure equation model. The IRG data (n = 133) was collected from the National Agricultural Cooperative Federation (1992-2013). The climatic variables were accumulated temperature, growing days and precipitation amount from the weather information system of Korea Meteorological Administration, and soil variables were effective soil depth, slope, gravel content and drainage class as soil physical properties from the soil information system of Rural Development Administration. In general, IRG cultivation by the rice-rotation system in paddy field is important and unique in East Asia because it contributes to the increase of income by cultivating IRG during agricultural off-season. As a result, the seasonal effects of accumulated temperature and growing days of autumn and next spring were evident, furthermore, autumnal temperature and spring precipitation indirectly influenced yield through spring temperature. The effect of autumnal temperature, spring temperature, spring precipitation and soil physics factors were 0.62, 0.36, 0.23, and 0.16 in order (p < 0.05). Even though the relationship between soil physical and precipitation was not significant, it does not mean there was no association. Because the soil physical variables were categorical, their effects were weakly reflected even with scale adjustment by jitter transformation. We expected that this study could contribute to increasing IRG yield by presenting the causality of climatic and soil factors and could be extended to various factors.

• 한국농공학회지
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• 제40권4호
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• pp.85-93
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• 1998

In the 2nd year study of a 5 year project to evaluate the soil quality and develop the best management practices for mountaineous soils, 11 runoff plots were treated and monitored with respect to physical property of the soil, runoff and sediment discharge, and the following results were obtained. 1. Bulk density and porosity did not show any siginificant difference between experimental treatments. 2. Runoff was basically dependent on the soil's physical property and tillage. Up-and-down plots showed the highest runoff while contour plots the lowest runoff. 3. Sediment yield in the mountaineous soils was directly related to tillage and residue cover. Residue covered plots showed the lowest sediment yield and up-and-down plots the highest sediment yield. And it is recommended that the best management practices using till_age and residue cover for the mountaineous soils must be developed to protect soil quality and maintain agricultural productivity.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• 제19권3호
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• pp.229-240
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• 2019

The physical models are useful to understand the soil behaviour. Hence, these tools allow validating analytical theories and numerical data. This paper addresses the design, construction and implementation of a physical model able to simulate the soil liquefaction under different cyclic actions. The model was instrumented with a piezoelectric actuator and a set of transducers to measure the porewater pressures, displacements and accelerations of the system. The soil liquefaction was assessed in three different grain size particles of a natural sand by applying a sinusoidal signal, which incorporated three amplitudes and the fundamental frequencies of three different earthquakes occurred in Colombia. In addition, such frequencies were scaled in a micro shaking table device for 1, 50 and 80 g. Tests allowed identifying the liquefaction susceptibility at various frequency and displacement amplitude combinations. Experimental evidence validated that the liquefaction susceptibility is higher in the fine-grained sands than coarse-grained sands, and showed that the acceleration of the actuator controls the phenomena trigging in the model instead of the displacement amplitude.