• 한국초전도ㆍ저온공학회논문지
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.19-23
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• 2022

We have been developing a magnetic separation device that can be used in low magnetic fields for paramagnetic materials. Magnetic separation of paramagnetic particles with a small particle size is desired for volume reduction of contaminated soil in Fukushima or separation of iron scale from water supply system in power plants. However, the implementation of the system has been difficult due to the needed magnetic fields is high for paramagnetic materials. This is because there was a problem in installing such a magnet in the site. Therefore, we have developed a magnetic separation system that combines a selection tube and magnetic separation that can separate small sized paramagnetic particles in a low magnetic field. The selection tube is a technique for classifying the suspended particles by utilizing the phenomenon that the suspended particles come to rest when the gravity acting on the particles and the drag force are balanced when the suspension is flowed upward. In the balanced condition, they can be captured with even small magnetic forces. In this study, we calculated the particle size of paramagnetic particles trapped in a selection tube in a high gradient magnetic field. As a result, the combination of the selection tube and HGMS (High Gradient Magnetic Separation-system) can separate small sized paramagnetic particles under low magnetic field with high efficiency, and this paper shows its potential application.

• 한국지하수토양환경학회지:지하수토양환경
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• 제13권6호
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• pp.93-102
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• 2008

본 연구는 대기중에서 안정한 나노크기 영가철을 제조한 후 그 특성을 평가하기 위해 수행되었다. XRD, XPS 분석을 통해 인위적으로 4, 8, 12 mL/min 유량의 공기 접촉을 통해 형성된 shell의 두께는 5 nm로 모두 유사한 것으로 확인되었고, shell의 성분은 magnetite(${Fe_3}{O_4}$), maghemite(${\gamma}-{Fe_2}{O_3}$)가 주성분임을 확인할 수 있었다. 4, 8, 12 mL/min의 접촉 공기 유량에 따른 shell의 명확한 성분 및 두께 변화는 확인할 수 없었다. 반면 대기 중에서 공기와 급속으로 접촉시킨 나노크기 영가철의 경우는 TEM 분석 결과 shell 층이 확인되지 않았다. 4, 8, 12 mL/min의 유량으로 공기 접촉된 나노크기 영가철의 TCE 분해능($k_{obs}$= 0.111, 0.102, and 0.086 $hr^{-1}$) 또한 큰 차이를 보이지 않았으며, fresh한 나노크기 영가철에 비해서는 약 80%의 분해효율을 나타내었다. Fresh한 나노크기 영가철 및 4 mL/min과 급속으로 공기 접촉시킨 나노크기 영가철을 물속에서 1일 동안 물과 접촉시킨 후 분해능을 평가한 실험에서는 공기 접촉 후 바로 분해 실험한 것 보다 분해능이 모두 향상되었다. 이는 물과의 반응을 통해 shell 층이 벗겨져 순수한 Fe(0)와 TCE의 접촉이 빨라져서 일어난 결과로 판단되어진다. 또한 각각 1주일과 2달간 대기 중에서 방치한 후 분해 실험한 결과 공기 접촉 후 바로 분해 실험한 결과와 비교해서 분해능이 90%와 50%로 감소하였다. 따라서 본 연구결과 일정 유량으로 공기 접촉 시킨 나노크기 영가철은 대기 중 산소에 안정하기 때문에 실제 현장 적용에 유리할 것으로 판단된다.

• 한국지반공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지반공학회 2010년도 춘계 학술발표회
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• pp.1206-1211
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• 2010

Soil-cement, a hardened mixture of Portland cement, soil, and water that contain sufficient durability, has been widely utilised in Seoul urban construction sites to retain lateral earth pressures or reinforce grounds. However, little information has been reported about the strength characteristics of soil-cement constructed in Seoul urban area. In this study, we performed a number of unconfined test to the soil-cements mixed from soils sampled in 3 sites in Seoul urban area. Results indicate that unconfined strengths and optimum cement amounts of soil-cements are highly dependent on the proportion of coarse-grain particles of mixed soils. Furthermore, changes of unconfined strengths with curing time are diverse with respect to mixing conditions.

• 지구물리
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• 제6권4호
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• pp.245-259
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• 2003

Two multichannel analysis of surface wave (MASW) surveys were conducted over a soil site in Tacoma Water's Green River Facility, Washington, where construction of a chemical treatment facility had been planned. The purpose of the surveys was to compare soil stiffness characterized by shear-velocity (Vs) distribution before and after Deep Dynamic Compaction (DDC) operation that was designed to improve the soil stiffness. Site soil consisted of very heterogeneous gravel and cobbles in a sand-and-silt matrix. Results from each survey are represented by two 2-D Vs maps delineating Vs variation of soil below the surveyed lines. One map was constructed from those dispersion curves that were analyzed with a significant amount of subjective judgment involved, whereas the other map was constructed from those dispersion curves analyzed with as much objective information as possible. Comparison of 2-D Vs maps indicates that Vs actually decreased after the DDC operations, possibly due to the loss (or reduction) of cohesive bonding between soil particles caused by the compaction operations.

• 한국의류학회지
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• 제22권8호
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• pp.1132-1140
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• 1998

The adhesion and removal of $\alpha$-Fe2O3 particles on the from PET fabric in NPE solution with different ionic strength were discussed in terms of interaction of surface charge of particle and substrate. The adhesion of $\alpha$-Fe2O3 particles to PET fabric and its removal from PET fabric were carried out by using water bath shaker and Terg-O-Tometer under various solution conditions. The ζ potential of PET fiber and $\alpha$-Fe2O3 particles in the detergent solution were measured by steaming potential and microelectrophoresis methods, respectively. The adhesion and removal amount of $\alpha$-Fe2O3 particles on the from PET fabric increased with increasing time of adhesion and removal, and the rates of adhesion and removal were high at the initial stage of adhesion and removal, and then the rates decreased with passing time. The adhesion and removal amount of $\alpha$-Fe2O3 particles on and from PET fabric increased with increasing pH of solution regardless ionic strength. The tendencies and degree of adhesion and removal were very similar regardless interaction of surface charge of particle and fiber. Therefore, in the presence of a surfactant and electrolyte, the influence of interaction of surface charge of particle and substrate on the detergency of particulate soil was small.

• 한국환경보건학회지
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• 제32권6호
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• pp.543-555
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• 2006

During a twenty-day period in 2005, a nine-stage Andersen cascade impactor was used to determine the seasonal size distribution of atmospheric particles and its inorganic ion species sampled for 24hr in Iksan city, located southwest of the Korean peninsula. Samples were analyzed for major water-soluble ion species using Dionex-100 ion chromatograph. Average fine and coarse mass concentrations of atmospheric particles were, respectively, 31.4 and $82.6{\mu}g\;m^{-3}$ in spring and 35.8 and $73.4{\mu}g\;m^{-3}$ in fall-winter during the sampling period of 2005, while measurements of 69.8 and 9.9 were obtained in the sampling period of summer, The size distribution of particulate mass concentration during the non-Asian dust period was generally bimodal, whereas the size distribution of particulate mass concentration during the Asian dust period was unimodal due to the significant increase of coarse particles, which originated from long-range transport of soil dust particles from loess regions of the Asian continent. Among ionic species, $SO{_4}^{2-},\;NH{_4}^+,\;K^+$ were mainly distributed in fine particles due to their characteristics of emission sources and gas-to-particle conversion, while $Na^+,\;Mg^{2+}\;and\;Ca^{2+}$ were dominantly in coarse particles. However, $NO_3{^-}\;and\;Cl^-$ were distributed in both coarse particles and fine particles. Although $SO{_4}^{2-}$ was mainly distributed in fine particles, the size distributions of $SO{_4}^{2-}$ in coarse mode were significantly increased during the Asian dust events compared to those during the non-Asian dust period. $Ca^{2+}$ showed the most abundant species in the atmospheric particles during the Asian dust period. $NH{_4}^+$ was found to mainly exist as $(NH_4)_2SO_4$ in fine particles.

• 농업과학연구
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• 제42권3호
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• pp.191-199
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• 2015

We conducted this research to observe the changes of surface morphology and composition of clay minerals influenced by various concentrations of fluoric acid. Hydrofluoric acid (HA), a solution of hydrogen fluoride (HF) in water, is a colourless solution that is highly corrosive, capable of dissolving many materials, especially oxides. To do this, we treated several concentrations of HA on the ground soil samples collected from the agricultural experimental station located at Chungnam National University to observe the influence of fluoric acid on the changes of surface structures and elemental composition of clay particles. Generally, microscopic examination showed that the HA can not only attack an edge of clay particles but also start at any point where structural defects and weaknesses predisposed sites to acid. The orderly flake arrangement of clay minerals may reflect certain crystal symmetry elements. The ESEM-EDS results of element composition of clay particles influenced by HA indicated the changes of structures of clay minerals. It is also clear from the formation of etch figures and element composition of clay particles that the product layer at least partially dissolved or disintegrated in the presence of acid. Conclusively, the clay structures can be strongly influenced by concentrations of HA, resulting in changes of physical and chemical properties that can determine the behavior of solute transport as well as mobility of ions in soils.

• 한국농공학회논문집
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• 제58권6호
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• pp.23-30
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• 2016

Soil loss is an accompanying phenomenon of hydrologic cycle in watersheds. Both rainfall drops and runoff lead to soil particle detachment, the detached soil particles are transported into streams by runoff. Here, a sediment-laden water problem can be issued if soil particles are severely detached and transported into stream in the watershed. There is a need to estimate or simulate soil erosion in watersheds so that an adequate plan to manage soil erosion can be established. Universal Soil Loss Equation (USLE), therefore, was developed and modified by many researchers for their watersheds, moreover the simple model, USLE, has been employed in many hydrologic models for soil erosion simulations. While the USLE has been applied even in South-Korea, the model is often regarded as being limited in applications for the watersheds in South-Korea since monthly conditions against soil erosion on soil surface are not capable to represent. Thus, the monthly USLE factors against soil erosion, soil erodibility and crop management factors, were established for four major watersheds, which are Daecheong-dam, Soyang-dam, Juam-dam, and Imha-dam watersheds. The monthly factors were established by recent fifteen years from 2000 to 2015. Five crops were selected for the monthly crop management factor establishments. Soil loss estimations with the modified factors were compared to conventional approach that is average annual estimations. The differences ranged from 9.3 % (Juam-dam watershed) to 28.1 % (Daecheong-dam watershed), since the conventional approaches were not capable of seasonally and regionally different conditions.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제43권1호
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• pp.25-35
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• 2010

약간 경사가 있고 침식 가능성이 높은 배나무 과수원 포장에서 2가지 종류의 제초제를 처리하여 유거수와 토양침식의 변화를 관찰하였다 : (1)발아 전 처리 제초제 - Glyphosate; (2)발아 후 처리 제초제 - Paraquat. 조사지 포자의 고도는 125 m 경사도는 5.5% ~ 10.2%의 분포를 보였다. 한편 조사기간인 2006년 6월과 2008년 11월 사이의 강우 횟수는 각각 47, 52, 52회로 조사되었다. 정상적인 침투율은 보통 잡초가 모두 제거된 맨땅에서 증가하지만 제초제가 처리된 땅에서는 감소했다. 대조구에서 유거수는 항상 제초제를 처리한 땅과 맨땅에서 보다 더 적었다. 같은 강우강도에서 유거수는 대조구, glyphosate 그리고 paraquat 순으로 증가하였다. 강우의 강도가 센 경우에 유거수 차이는 조사 첫해에 약간 더 높았다. 토양 유실은 연구기간 3년 동안 약간씩 다르나 조립질 토양보다 미세질토양에서 유실이 더 많았다. 하지만 토양유실은 총강우량과 유거수와는 밀접한 연관이 없는 것으로 조사되었다. 동일 강우강도에서 토양침식률은 대조구, glyphosate, paraquat 그리고 glyphosate가 처리된 맨땅 순으로 증가하였다. 상대적으로 30 mm $day^{-1}$보다 낮은 강우량에서 제초제 처리와 상관없이 토양유실에 미치는 영향은 차이가 없었다. 결과적으로 토양침식에서 중요한 요인은 강우강도이다.

• 한국수자원학회논문집
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• 제48권7호
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• pp.595-604
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• 2015

강우에 의한 세류간 토양침식은 운동에너지를 갖는 빗방울이 지표면을 타격하여 발생하는 빗물튀김의 박리현상과 지표유출수의 면상흐름에 의한 토사입자의 운반으로 구분할 수 있다. 강우운동에너지는 토양입자를 토양체로부터 분리시키기 위한 강우의 잠재적인 능력의 지표로 널리 사용되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 강우운동에너지가 세류간 토양침식에 미치는 영향을 파악하기 위해 강우의 충돌을 제어하는 스트립 커버를 이용한 토양침식 강우모의 실험을 수행하였다. 강우모의에 의한 강우운동에너지는 자연강우에 비해 0.58배 규모로 재현되었다. 강우강도가 증가함에 따라 지표유출량은 증가하고 지표하유출량은 상대적으로 감소하였다. 지표커버가 없는 사면으로부터 발생한 지표유출량이 지표커버가 있는 경우에 비해 평균 1.82배 증가하였다. 강우운동에너지는 지표유출 및 지표하유출 발생시간에도 영향을 끼쳤다. 빗물튀김과 면상흐름의 상호작용으로 토사유출량이 3.6~5.9배 증가하였으며 그 증가폭은 강우강도의 증가에 따라 감소하였다. 단위수류력과 토사유출량의 관계분석 결과 강우운동에너지는 빗물튀김에 의한 토양입자의 분리침식을 증가시킬 뿐만 아니라 지표유출수 증가에 따른 토사이송능력을 가중시켜 토사유출량을 크게 증가시키는 것으로 확인되었다.