• 한국농공학회논문집
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• 제48권5호
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• pp.51-60
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• 2006

In order to examine the heat transfer characteristic of a soil warming system and effects of soil warming on the greenhouse heating load, control experiments were performed in two greenhouses covered with double polyethylene film. One treated the soil warming with an electric heat wire and the other treated a control. Inside and outside air temperature, soil temperature and heat flux, and heating energy consumption were measured under the set point of heating temperature of $5,\;10,\;15,\;and\;20^{\circ}C$, respectively. Soil temperatures in a soil warming treatment were observed $4.1\;to\;4.9^{\circ}C$ higher than a control. Heating energy consumptions decreased by 14.6 to 30.8% in a soil warming treatment. As the set point of heating temperature became lower, the rate of decrease in the heating energy consumptions increased. The percentage of soil heat flux in total heating load was -49.4 to 24.4% and as the set point of heating temperature became higher, the percentage increased. When the set point of heating temperature was low in a soil warming treatment, the soil heat flux load was minus value and it had an effect on reducing the heating load. Soil heat flux loads showed in proportion to the air temperature difference between the inside and outside of greenhouse but they showed big difference according to the soil warming treatment. So new model for estimation of the soil heat flux load should be introduced. Convective heat transfer coefficients were in proportion to the 1/3 power of temperature difference between the soil surface and the inside air. They were $3.41\;to\;12.42\;W/m^{2}^{\circ}C$ in their temperature difference of $0\;to\;10^{\circ}C$. Radiative heat loss from soil surface in greenhouse was about 66 to 130% of total heating load. To cut the radiation loss by the use of thermal curtains must be able to contribute for the energy saving in greenhouse.

• 한국지하수토양환경학회지:지하수토양환경
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.45-53
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• 2006

본 연구에서는 토양의 전기가열 특성을 실험을 통해 규명함으로서, 전기저항열을 이용한 토양증기추출법을 실제 현장에 적용 시 토양가열 효율을 증가시키는 방안을 도출하기 위하여, 반응조를 이용한 토양 종류별 자체 특성에 따른 가열 특성과 외부에서의 전기적 특성의 조절을 통한 가열 특성을 살펴보았다 토양의 업자가 작을수록, 토양 내 이 온이 풍부할수록 전기가열 효율이 증가되었으며, 토양이 물로 포화된 경우에도 전기 가열 효율이 증가하였으나 공극률 이상으로 수분이 있는 경우는 오히려 효율이 떨어졌다. 전압이 증가할수록, 전극 사이가 짧아질수록, 유류 오염된 토양일수록 효율은 증가되었다 본 연구에서는 초기 전류와 전기전도도의 정량적 상관관계를 도출함으로써 직접적인 전기가열 실험 없이 전기전도도로 반응조 내 토양이 $100^{\circ}C$ 온도 상승의 가능성을 예측할 수 있게 됐다.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• 제36권3호
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• pp.211-216
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• 2011

According to the result of the first report and the second report of this study, it was expected that soil heating in a protected cultivation in winter season would affect the initial growth and development of fruit. Based on the result of previous study, we compared height, leaf number, leaf area, fruit weight, crop growth rate (CGR), features and quantity of cucumber for 3 months after planting between the soil heating group and the non-heating group. The result were summarized as follows: The height, leaf number, leaf area and fruit weight of cucumber in the soil heating group were 12.5%, 14.6%, 21.4% and 22.8% higher, respectively, compared to those of cucumber in the non-heating group. Although both the soil heating group and the non-heating group similarly showed an increasing pattern in CGR after transplanting, the soil heating group showed the increased CGR by 12.1% compared to that of the non-heating group. The quantity of cucumber in the soil heating group was about 26% higher than that of the non-heating group. It is assumed that the activation of initial growth and development of fruit in the heating group resulted in the increase of quantity.

• 한국지하수토양환경학회지:지하수토양환경
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.28-37
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• 2011

A preliminary study for energy efficient soil heating and contaminant removal using microwave was conducted. Soils sampled from floodplain were heated with microwave oven, and soil heating property and energy efficiency were compared to those heated with electrical furnace. In addition the effects of water, soil organic matter, and contaminated diesel on soil heating with microwave were investigated. Even though the electrical power consumption of electrical furnace and microwave oven were similar, temperature of soil heated with microwave oven was significantly higher than that of soil heated with electrical furnace. The increase of soil moisture content delays the raise of soil temperature during heating it with microwave oven. However, the effects of total petroleum hydrocarbon (TPH) (<10%) in contaminated soil matrix and small amount of soil organic matter (<5%) on the increase of soil temperature by microwave were not significant. Further studies for contaminated soils with different texture using pilot scale microwave reactor are required for application of this technique in the field.

• 환경위생공학
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.65-73
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• 1996

The objective of this study is to investigate the removal efficiency of volitile organic compounds in soil, and the mechanism of desorption by bench scale microwave heating, Silt soil used for experiment and was impregnated with toluene, tetrachloroethylene, o-xylene and p-dichlorobenzene and the microwave treatment was conducted in a modified domestic microwave oven : 2450MHz, 700W. According to the results of the research the removal efficiency was improved with increasing water contents and the soil temperature appeared to plateau period extending to 2-3minutes corresponds to the temperature a which steam distillation was expected. The value of removal rate constant (k) were calculated on dry and moisty silt soil, respectively, which showed linear with increasing microwave heating time. Therefore, addition of a certain amount of water to the contaminated soil can efficiently enhance the ability of the soil to absorb microwave energy and promote the evaporation of the volitile contaminants.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.155-162
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• 2001

The greenhouse heating system with heat pump was built for development of simulation model and validation. The computer simulation model for the system to predict temperature of air and soil and moisture content of soil in the greenhouse were developed, and its validity was justified by actual data. From the analysis of experimentally measured data and the simulation output, following results were obtained. 1. The expected values of inside air temperature for the heating system with heat pump were very much close to the experimental values. 2. In the heating system with heat pump, the expected values of day time surface temperature of soil by computer simulation were very much similar to the measured values, but those of night time were higher than the measured value by at most 2.0$\^{C}$. 3. The simulation model predicted temperature of greenhouse film as of 1$\^{C}$ below than the mean value of ambient air and greenhouse air temperature. 4. Heat loss value of daytime was found to be larger than that of nigh as much as 1.3 to 2.3 times for the heating system with heat pump. 5. In the heating system with heat pump, when the lowest ambient temperature was -8$\^{C}$∼-7$\^{C}$ the air temperature of greenhouse was 5$\^{C}$∼6$\^{C}$, thus the heat pump heating system contributed in greenhouse heating by 13$\^{C}$.

• 한국지반공학회논문집
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• 제28권10호
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• pp.41-54
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• 2012

본 논문은 전기가열장치를 이용한 표층지반 개량방법을 개발하기 위한 것으로, 현장 지반에 적합한 전기가열 장치를 개발하여 연구하였다. 전기가열에 의한 해성점토의 거동을 해석하기 위하여 실내실험을 하였으며, 실내시험 시 $70^{\circ}C$와 $110^{\circ}C$의 두 가지 온도를 이용하여 포화점토의 증발과 압축의 상호관계를 검증하였다. 또한 가열지반에 콘관입기를 이용하여 중장비의 주행성을 시험하였다. 나아가, 지반개량 및 강도변화 범위를 분석하기 위하여 현장실험을 하였다. 현장지반의 온도변화를 측정하였으며, 그 결과는 상용 프로그램(Temp/W) 해석치와 비교하였다. 또한 평판 재하시험을 이용하여 전기 가열된 현장지반의 지지력을 평가하였다. 전기 가열된 지반의 개량범위와 강도변화는 가열 온도와 시간에 의존하였다. 가열온도가 지하수를 증발시킬 수 있는 $100^{\circ}C$ 이상이면, 지지력과 침하량이 급격히 증가하였다. 지반의 지지력은 3배 이상 증가하였고, 가열지반은 많은 수증기를 배출하였다. 전기가열기 주변 약 20cm 범위의 흙은 완전 소결되었다.

• 한국지하수토양환경학회지:지하수토양환경
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• 제20권5호
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• pp.11-15
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• 2015

The three processes of 1) high- & low-temperature microwave heatings, 2) the soil washing, and 3) the thermal desorption processes in soil remediation are analysed on the treatment cost data for 2003-2012 years. The cost of microwave heating method with at temperature 500-700℃, for 30 minutes, and at 4-6 kW is approximately 10 $/ton (13,000 ₩) due to the deep through heating of micro-wave, the soil washing with chemicals is about 80 $/ton (85,000 ₩) due to the chemicals & duration, and the thermal desorption process is around 40 $/ton (41,000 ₩) from the less efficiency. Furthermore the sustainability has been assessed, and suggestions are made. 1) Green; the minimal environmental footprint, 2) Growth; the least cost, 3) Shared; the social & environmental justice, 4) Smart; the microwave characteristics of deep through irradiation & heating, and 5) Mutuality; the flexibility of the technology. More additives including water, the government support, and public relation are suggested realizing the microwave in this condition is not harmful to human beings.

• 한국지하수토양환경학회지:지하수토양환경
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.8-12
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• 2012

This study is maintains the condition of high temperature (above $600^{\circ}C$) within a short time using on microwave and high temperature heating elements. And removal characteristics according to changes in soil moisture, microwave power and temperature through the decomposition of the contaminated soil by oil. The difficulty resolvability material was sort of lubricating oil having long carbocyclic (C18-C50) and TPH removal rate reached 85.2% at 6 kW and $700^{\circ}C$ and thus the contaminant was removed 1,788 mg/kg within a process time of 40 minutes. In the case of light oil, gasoline contaminated soil, the removal amount showed 567 mg/kg and the treatment rate reached 98.4% at 6 kW, $500^{\circ}C$ and 20 minute. In the case of non-resolvability reached TPH concentrations on 2,000 mg/kg of worrisome level of soil contamination in the 3 zones at 6 kW, $700^{\circ}C$ and 30 minute. At the time, showed up processing costs 8,173 won per ton.

• 환경영향평가
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• 제29권3호
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• pp.219-229
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• 2020

본 연구에서는 해안매립지역내 벙커C유로 오염된 토양을 대상으로 토양세정 효과를 증진시키기 위한 전기저항가열의 운전인자 별 최적 조건을 도출하여 융복합 적용가능성을 평가하였다. 회분식 실험결과 Tween-80 세정제 보다 VG-2020 세정제에서 약 1.5배 이상의 높은 세정효율 보였으며, 상온 시 대비 60℃에서 약 1.4배의 세정효율 증가를 가져왔다. 전기저항가열 박스 실험결과, 함수율 20~40%의 토양에서 약 40~80분 내에 100℃까지 상승하였으며, 포화 토양층 내 STS 316재질의 파이프형 전극봉을 3각 배열 시 열전달효율이 우수한 것으로 나타났다. 또한 상기 최적조건으로 토양온도를 60℃ 이상을 유지하기 위한 전극봉의 간격은 1.5 m인 것으로 확인되었고, 전기저항가열과 동반된 토양세정 박스실험에서는 5 PV(Pore Volume)에서 약 55%의 급격한 TPH 저감효율을 보였으며 10 PV(Pore Volume)에서 토양오염 우려기준(TPH 2,000 mg/kg 미만)을 만족하였다.