• Journal of the Korean association of regional geographers
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.534-545
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• 2003

The main purpose of this paper is to describe the granitic regolith and frost creep phenomena in Daegwanryung area in order to demonstrate the relationship of the weathered materials and the surrounding surface, in order to point out that the characteristics of this particular complex of granitic regolith most closely resemble those of soil frost creep phenomena formed elsewhere under periglacial conditions. For this study, the writer has clarified their structure and its associated milieux, with a group of methods and techniques, field survey, micro-morphological analysis, granulometry of weathered materials etc. Such facies of granitic regolith in situ with silty heterometric materials and micas are prone to be deformed by cryo-suction as well as deep freezing. It was probably formed by cryogenic activity, or frost creep in the periglacial climate of a very cold and humid condition.

• Journal of the Korean association of regional geographers
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.114-122
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• 2005

To find out the buried age of the relict dune sediments, a luminescence dating bas conducted for a relict dune from the Sindu dunefield on the Taean Peninsula. It shows that the deposition of the dune sands at 3m depth began about 690$\sim$730 years ago. From 3m to l.5m depth, the lower part of the dune bas remained stable, but a relict dune deposit appear at 1.3m depth. This part yields an age of about 68 years. The two samples that were collected from the lower part of the dune at depths of the 1.5 m and 3.0 m below the surface show a net accumulation rate of around 0.75 cm/y which is relatively slow for a coastal dune. The chronology obtained in this study demonstrates that a significant amount of sediments has been replaced or remobilized in the area over the past 1000 years, and there was at least a soil formation process during the same time period. These suggest that a new approach is necessary to identify the formation age of the so-called paleo-dune at the Sind dunefield.

• Journal of the Korean Geographical Society
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• v.45 no.3
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• pp.375-389
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• 2010

In order to investigate the rates and factors of slow mass movement on a subalpine slope of Mount Halla, two painted stone lines were monitored in a bare patch at 1,710 m a.s.l. The mean movement of surface gravels is 58.2 cm, equivalent to 0.24 cm/day. However, the rates of movement vary with seasons. Compared with 0.05 cm/day of a non-frozen season, a frozen season shows 0.3 cm/day. It implies that the movement of surface gravels could be largely controlled by periglacial processes during a frozen season. In particular, frost creep including needle ice creep plays a main role in the movement of gravels under the thermal and soil conditions which are favorable for needle ice development. Since line II is located at a steeper slope than line I, the movement of line II was always larger than that of line I. However, slope gradient is not the most dominant factor contributing the movement of gravels, which can be interrupted by downslope big gravels and vegetation patches. The size and specific weight of gravels also can influence the movement of gravels. Porous and light scoriae result in relatively quick movement of gravels on the subalpine slope of Mount Halla.

• The Journal of Korean Medical History
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.43-57
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• 2020

Essence of the Hwangchil tree (黃漆樹 Dendropanax morbiferus H.Lév.) has been used for various purposes, like waxing emperor's armors, covering an astrology board, or, during the Silla Dynasty, burying it to block something bad in the soil symbolically. Essence of the Hwangchil tree was known to have remarkable preservation effects such as waterproofing, damp-proofing, rust-proofing, and moth-proofing as well as not being easily peeled off from even soft surfaces like paper. There is a record in Prescriptions for Epidemic diseases of Cows, Horses, Sheep, and Pigs (牛馬羊猪染疫病治療方), published in 1541, of Hwangchil that is local to Jeju Island being used instead of benzoin (安息香), of burning Hwangchil, and of making cows inhale its smoke to prevent plague among them. Along the same lines, there are records in the Local Chronicle of Tamra (耽羅志) and the Book of Earth Geography (輿地圖書) that identify Hwangchil with benzoin. In Seonghosaseol (星湖僿說), a book written by Lee Yik in around 1760, it is acknowledged that Hwangchil could be medicinal herb. In 2000, Ahn Duk-Kyun registered the roots and branches of Hwangchil tree as 'Boncho' (本草 herbal medicine) in the Pictorial Book of Korean Medicinals (韓國本草圖鑑) and presented the method of taking it for medical purpose. Researchers have suggested that Hwangchil essence as well as diverse parts of the plant such as its roots, branches, leaves, flowers, fruits, and gum have various meaningful medicinal properties. Regarding the history and recent researches of using Hwangchil tree, it has various medicinal probabilities such as, 'dispersing miasma' (辟邪), 'opening holes' (開竅), 'waking the heart' (醒心), 'smoothing spirits' (安神), 'piercing the block' (疎泄), 'removing the old and welcoming the new' (去故生新). This paper contributes ideas about how to expand the uses of Hwangchil Tree.

• Proceedings of the Ginseng society Conference
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• 1993.09a
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• pp.155-163
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• 1993

An American ginseng(Panax quillquefolium L) industry has emerged in British Columbia, Canada over the past ten years. Interest has grown very rapidly and with this development, attention is now moving away from field production issues and emphasis is being directed to enhancements in ginseng storage, drying and processing. There is a dearth of knowledge on these aspects even though they are crucial to international competitiveness. Enhancement dicatates the application of a systems approach to optimizing the harvest and post - harvest production system(crop digging, pre - washing cold storage. washing, drying and post - drying storage). Research in British Columbia to date has focussed on drying and storage issues and has resulted in the design of an enhanced commercial drying system. The role of dryer management, loading rates, airflow rates and pre - drying cold storage on American ginseng root drying rates and root quality were examined. From the dryer management experiments, there are distinct advantages to size sorting root to yield optimum drying rates. If unsorted root is used, efficiency is increased if the trays are systematically rotated. Loading rate experiments illustrate that increasing rates above those currently used in commercial dryers are possible without any sacrifice in quality. This has significant implications for commercial drying. Pre - drying cold storage is a most significant tool for managing drying operations. Over a period of six weeks, no discernable decrease in quality was found as a consequence of cold storage. Further, the moisture loss and the associated root surface changes(loss of surface soil in storage for example) provide new challenges for root quality management. Continued research and technological innovation will be crucial in addressing the demanding challenges of the future.

• Journal of the Korean Geographical Society
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• v.46 no.4
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• pp.425-441
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• 2011

Ridge traversing trail in Mount Jiri National Park is classified as flat, gully-like, unilateral, and asymmetric bilateral, paths based on a location and gradient of paths. These types are interchangeable due to a drainage condition of trail surfaces. Using a rapid survey, the trail is 135.9 cm wide, 23.6 cm deep and $5.1^{\circ}$ in a gradient, respectively. All treads have been compacted due to human trampling. The path width is affected by a slope aspect and a distribution of Sasa borealis. An asymmetric path is wider than a symmetric path. A soil erosion rate is equivalent to $68.9cm^2/year$ for the period from 1960 to 2009, suggesting that the trail has been widened 2.7 cm/year and the tread lowered 0.4 cm/year. Trampling and needle ice action combined with rainwash induced by a pipeflow are dominant erosion processes contributing to the trail expansion.

• Journal of the Economic Geographical Society of Korea
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.192-205
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• 2012

This study estimates how much climate variables affect the land price and acreage of rice paddy and dry farm field in agriculture with the case of Gangwon-do in Korea. To this end, we capitalize upon the Ricardian approach based upon the panel data on climate, soil and geography, farmland prices and acreage, other economic and social variables for 11 municipal units comprising Gangwon-do during the period of 1992-2010. Our empirical analysis shows that the temperature variable has negative economic impacts on the price and acreage of rice paddy and dry farm field, confirming that the temperature variable is much significant than that of precipitation in global warming. On the other hand, the other determinants of farmland price and acreage are different with the type of farmland in Gangwon-do.

• 한국태양에너지학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2011.11a
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• pp.376-382
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• 2011

Since the Industrial Revolution has caused global change by using of a fossil fuel, a reckless and growth-oriented development. A global mean temperature since 19th century has climbed up 0.4~$0.8^{\circ}C$. Our country, afterwards, global warming has increased the temperature every season. After The Kyoto Protocol regarding a greenhouse gas reduction goal took effect, be situations that decrease of greenhouse gas was acutely required. Therefore, interest of utilization of the new & renewable energy is increasing everyday. In advanced research, we shows that at first divided a country to nine range by natural geography, and second executed Meteorological data analysis of recent 30 years considering level of significance by nine range. The results of advanced research are that the similarities are low because there are the regions that temperature deviation of the similar climate regions is large in winter season, and there are not characteristics of clear discrimination of temperature. This study shows that at first divided a country to six range by temperature range, and second executed Meteorological data analysis of recent 30 years considering level of significance by six range. The results of this study are that in heating load calculation of building, periodic temperature data management is required because facility capacity and cost are affected greatly by outdoor temperature, and temperature by climate range needs consideration of pertinent area. Ground temperature was assumed of the weather in region, the ground and soil. Lastly, we were able to know that establishment of climate region by temperature range can be useful policy making and plans of design of the horticultural facilities and architectures.

• Journal of the Korean Geographical Society
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• v.51 no.5
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• pp.577-612
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• 2016

The distribution of boundary markers, set up during the Yimjin(1712) Boundary Making and Demarcation(YBMD), has less been addressed so far, although it is key material evidence on which we can reconstruct the whole processes of YBMD, together with the correction of widespread myths around YBMD. This paper aims to clarify the questions on the distribution of boundary markers associated with YBMD, built during August 1712 to September 1713, by reinterpreting the key documents of Actual Survey on them: Huh Ryang and Park Dosang(1913), Kim Woosik(1883), Lee Joongha(1885), Wu Luzhen(1907), Osone Seiji(1907), and Liu Jianfeng(1908), together with topographic maps by Japanese Imperial Army(1933), the report of expedition to Mt. Baekdu by Chungjin Teachers' College(1948), and the report of field survey by Jilin province's expedition(1957). As a result, the distribution of boundary markers built in 1712~1713 is successfully reconstructed, and summarized in the format of table and maps.

• Spatial Information Research
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.309-324
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• 2001

To apply the real-time kinematic GPS surveying technique, this research has tried to obtain the TOKYO datum first from the continuous reference stations distributed all over the country. Then, analysis of the geography of a coastal area including both of land and sea has been carried out by the post-processed continuous kinematic GPS technique and the real-time kinematic GPS surveying technique. After considering the initial conditions and measuring time zone for real-time kinematic GPS, post-processed and the real-time kinematic GPS measurements have been carried out. A new system has been proposed to store measured data by using a program developed to store GPS data in real time and to monitor the satellite condition through controller simultaneously. The accuracy of GPS data acquired in real time was as good as that acquired by post processing. It is expected that it will be useful for the analysis of coastal geographic characteristics because DTM can be also constructed for the harbor reclamation, the dredging and the variation of soil movement in a river.