• IE interfaces
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.23-38
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• 1990

The use of robots for painting operations is a powerful alternative as a means for automation and quality improvement. A typical method being used for motion planning of the painting robot is to guide the robot along the desired path : the "lead-through" method. Although this method is simple and has been widely used, it has several drawbacks a) The robot cannot be used during the teaching period, b) A human is exposed to a hostile environment, c) The motions taught are, at best, human's skill level. To deal with the above problems, an integrated robot-trajectory planning scheme is presented. The new scheme takes CAD data describing the shape and geometry of the objects, and outputs an optimal trajectory in the sense of coating thickness and painting time. The purpose of this paper is to investigate theoretical backgrounds for such a scheme including geometric modeling, painting mechanics and robot trajectory planning, and develop algorithms for generating spray gun paths and minimum-time robot trajectories. Future study is to implement these algorithms on an workstation to develop an integrated software system ; ATPS(Automatic Trajectory Planning System) for spray painting robots.

• Proceedings of the KSR Conference
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• 2004.10a
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• pp.234-239
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• 2004

Recently, the tunnel structures are increasing. And the tunnels are to be large diameter tunnel and long. Therefore, inspection, repair, and maintenance of tunnels are an extremely important part of infrastructure management, with particular technical and safety considerations arising from the very nature of underground construction. To inspect surface state of tunnels, concrete structures, it must generally use method of conventional visual inspection, but this method is very not objective. To measure the width, length, position, direction of a crack, it is very difficult, when the tunnel is long span and high rise. Thus, to make up for this demerits, in this paper is proposed the Tunnel Scanning System that we can check conditions of the tunnel structures quickly, detect the detailed data objectively, count automatically the width of a crack by the original software and follow the trend of long tenn changes in the condition of a tunnel.

• International conference on construction engineering and project management
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• 2005.10a
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• pp.796-801
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• 2005

Time management is one of the critical tasks in project management. Based on the theories of total quality management, this authors presented a project time management method, total time management (TTM), so as to facilitate highway project time management. This paper discussed the four fundamental characteristics of TTM: total factors management, staff management, project life cycle management, and Plan-Do-Check-Action (PDCA) cycle management. Now, most managers use computer software to manage the project. In order to make the theory of TTM more executable, the authors develop a project time management system suitable for TTM. This paper presents this time management system's analysis processes including system requirement, key functions etc..

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.32 no.6
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• pp.815-825
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• 2019

Objective: To effectively use corn stover resources as animal feed, the changes in microbial population and chemical composition of corn stover during field exposure, and their silage fermentation and in vitro digestibility were studied. Methods: Corn cultivars (Jintian, Jinnuo, and Xianyu) stovers from 4 random sections of the field were harvested at the preliminary dough stage of maturity on September 2, 2015. The corn stover exposed in the field for 0, 7, 15, 30, 60, 90, and 180 d, and their silages at 60 d of ensiling were used for the analysis of microbial population, chemical composition, fermentation quality, and in vitro digestibility. Data were analyzed with a completely randomized $3{\times}6$ [corn stover cultivar $(C){\times}exposure$ d (D)] factorial treatment design. Analysis of variance was performed using SAS ver. 9.0 software (SAS Institute Inc., Cary, NC, USA). Results: Aerobic bacteria were dominant population in fresh corn stover. After ensiling, the lactic acid bacteria (LAB) became the dominant bacteria, while other microbes decreased or dropped below the detection level. The crude protein (CP) and water-soluble carbohydrate (WSC) for fresh stover were 6.74% to 9.51% and 11.75% to 13.21% on a dry matter basis, respectively. After exposure, the CP and WSC contents decreased greatly. Fresh stover had a relatively low dry matter while high WSC content and LAB counts, producing silage of good quality, but the dry stover did not. Silage fermentation inhibited nutrient loss and improved the fermentation quality and in vitro digestibility. Conclusion: The results confirm that fresh corn stover has good ensiling characteristics and that it can produce silage of good quality.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2011.05a
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• pp.14-14
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• 2011

Groundwater in the Waikatoregion is a valuable resource for agriculture, water supply, forestry and industries. The 434,000 ha study area comprises the upper Waikato River catchment from the outflow of Lake Taupo (New Zealand's largest lake) through to Lake Karapiro (a man-made hydro lake with high recreational value) (Figure 1). Water quality in the area is naturally high. However, there are indications that this quality is deteriorating as a result of land use intensification and deforestation. Compounding this concern for decision makers is the lag time between land use changes and the realisation of effects on groundwater and surface water quality. It is expected that the effects of land use changes have not yet fully manifested, and additional intensification may take decadesto fully develop, further compounding the deterioration. Consequently, Environment Waikato (EW) have proposed a programme of work to develop a groundwater model to assist managing water quality and appropriate policy development within the catchment. One of the most important and critical decisions of any modelling exercise is the choice of the modelling platform to be used. It must not inhibit future decision making and scenario exploration and needs to allow as accurate representation of reality as feasible. With this in mind, EW requested that two modelling platforms, MODFLOW/MT3DMS and FEFLOW, be assessed for their ability to deliver the long-term modelling objectives for this project. The two platforms were compared alongside various selection criteria including complexity of model set-up and development, computational burden, ease and accuracy of representing surface water-groundwater interactions, precision in predictive scenarios and ease with which the model input and output files could be interrogated. This latter criteria is essential for the thorough assessment of predictive uncertainty with third-party software, such as PEST. This paper will focus on the attributes of each modelling platform and the comparison of the two approaches against the key criteria in the selection process. Primarily due to the ease of handling and developing input files and interrogating output files, MODFLOW/MT3DMS was selected as the preferred platform. Other advantages and disadvantages of the two modelling platforms were somewhat balanced. A preliminary regional groundwater numerical model of the study area was subsequently constructed. The model simulates steady state groundwater and surface water flows using MODFLOW and transient contaminant transport with MT3DMS, focussing on nitrate nitrogen (as a conservative solute). Geological information for this project was provided by GNS Science. Professional peer review was completed by Dr. Vince Bidwell (of Lincoln Environmental).

• Journal of KIISE:Software and Applications
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• v.31 no.5
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• pp.543-554
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• 2004

In Requirements engineering, requirements elicitation and analysis are very important tasks to develop software systems successfully. Even though various methods have been proposed including scenario-based analysis, goal based analysis, and coupling goal with scenario, each method has its own strengths and weaknesses. If you use only one method, it is very difficult to elicit and to analyze system requirements completely. Since these methods don't support a comprehensive elicitation process, this paper proposes an integrated approach. This integrated approach is focused on two viewpoints. One is what factors are comprised and the other is how they are integrated. This paper also shows how the proposed approach can be applied to Meeting Reservation System (MRS) development. An experiment has been conducted using this approach to demonstrate how complete requirements are elicited and analyzed and to show relative time savings during elicitation in comparison to each method.

• Annual Conference of KIPS
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• 2024.10a
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• pp.290-293
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• 2024

Software vulnerabilities impose a significant burden on developers, particularly in debugging and maintenance. Automated Software Vulnerability Repair has emerged as a promising solution to mitigate these challenges. Recent advances have introduced learning-based approaches that take vulnerable functions and their Common Weakness Enumeration (CWE) types as input and generate repaired functions as output. These approaches typically fine-tune large pre-trained language models to produce vulnerability patches, with performance evaluated using Exact Match (EM) and CodeBLEU metrics to assess similarity to ground-truth patches. However, current methods rely on teacher forcing during fine-tuning, where the model is trained with ground-truth inputs, but during inference, inputs are generated by the model itself, leading to exposure bias. Additionally, while models are trained using the cross-entropy loss function, they are evaluated using discrete, non-differentiable metrics, resulting in a mismatch between the training objective and the test objective. This mismatch can yield inconsistent results, as the model is not directly optimized to improve test-time performance metrics. To address these discrepancies, we propose the use of reinforcement learning (RL) to optimize patch generation. By directly using the CodeBLEU score as a reward signal during training, our approach encourages the generation of higher-quality patches that align more closely with evaluation metrics, thereby improving overall performance.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Laryngology, Phoniatrics and Logopedics
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.71-77
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• 2020

Background and Objectives OperaVOXTM (Oxford Wave Research Ltd.) is a portable voice analysis software package designed for use with iOS devices. As a relatively cheap, portable and easily accessible form of acoustic analysis, OperaVOXTM may be more clinically useful than laboratory-based software in many situations. The aim of this study was to evaluate the agreement between OperaVOXTM and Multi-Dimensional Voice Program (MDVP; Computerized Speech Lab) to assess voice quality before and after laryngeal microsurgery in patient with vocal polyp. Materials and Method Twenty patients who had undergone laryngeal microsurgery for vocal polyp were enrolled in this study. Preoperative and postoperative voices were assessed by acoustic analysis using MDVP and OperaVOXTM. A five-seconds recording of vowel /a/ was used to measure fundamental frequency (F0), jitter, shimmer and noise-to-harmonic ratio (NHR). Results Several acoustic parameters of MDVP and OperaVOXTM related to short-term variability showed significant improvement. While pre-operative value of F0, jitter, shimmer, NHR was 155.75 Hz (male: 125.37 Hz, female: 183.37 Hz), 2.20%, 6.28%, 0.16, post-operative values of these parameter was 164.34 Hz (male: 129.42 Hz, female: 199.26 Hz), 2.15%, 5.18%, 0.14 Hz in MDVP. While pre-operative value of F0, jitter, shimmer, NHR was 168.26 Hz (male: 135.16 Hz, female: 201.37 Hz), 2.27%, 6.95%, 0.26, post-operative values of these parameters was 162.72 Hz (male: 128.267 Hz, female: 197.18 Hz), 1.71%, 5.36%, 0.20 in OperaVOXTM. There was high intersoftware agreement for F0, jitter, shimmer with intraclass correlation coefficient. Conclusion Our results showed that the short-term variability of acoustic parameters in both MDVP and OperaVOXTM were useful for the objective assessment of voice quality in patients who received laryngeal microsurgery. OperaVOXTM is comparable to MDVP and has high intersoftware reliability with MDVP in measuring the F0, jitter, and shimmer

• Korean Journal of Radiology
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• v.25 no.7
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• pp.613-622
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• 2024

Objective: In Korea, radiology has been positioned towards the early adoption of artificial intelligence-based software as medical devices (AI-SaMDs); however, little is known about the current usage, implementation, and future needs of AI-SaMDs. We surveyed the current trends and expectations for AI-SaMDs among members of the Korean Society of Radiology (KSR). Materials and Methods: An anonymous and voluntary online survey was open to all KSR members between April 17 and May 15, 2023. The survey was focused on the experiences of using AI-SaMDs, patterns of usage, levels of satisfaction, and expectations regarding the use of AI-SaMDs, including the roles of the industry, government, and KSR regarding the clinical use of AI-SaMDs. Results: Among the 370 respondents (response rate: 7.7% [370/4792]; 340 board-certified radiologists; 210 from academic institutions), 60.3% (223/370) had experience using AI-SaMDs. The two most common use-case of AI-SaMDs among the respondents were lesion detection (82.1%, 183/223), lesion diagnosis/classification (55.2%, 123/223), with the target imaging modalities being plain radiography (62.3%, 139/223), CT (42.6%, 95/223), mammography (29.1%, 65/223), and MRI (28.7%, 64/223). Most users were satisfied with AI-SaMDs (67.6% [115/170, for improvement of patient management] to 85.1% [189/222, for performance]). Regarding the expansion of clinical applications, most respondents expressed a preference for AI-SaMDs to assist in detection/diagnosis (77.0%, 285/370) and to perform automated measurement/quantification (63.5%, 235/370). Most respondents indicated that future development of AI-SaMDs should focus on improving practice efficiency (81.9%, 303/370) and quality (71.4%, 264/370). Overall, 91.9% of the respondents (340/370) agreed that there is a need for education or guidelines driven by the KSR regarding the use of AI-SaMDs. Conclusion: The penetration rate of AI-SaMDs in clinical practice and the corresponding satisfaction levels were high among members of the KSR. Most AI-SaMDs have been used for lesion detection, diagnosis, and classification. Most respondents requested KSR-driven education or guidelines on the use of AI-SaMDs.

• ETRI Journal
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• v.36 no.6
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• pp.1041-1050
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• 2014

As the Internet Protocol TV (IPTV) service enters the broadcasting market, the competition intensifies. This paper explains the factors influencing new media subscription and their influential differences on IPTV and digital cable TV (DCTV). We use the information systems success model and gratification opportunity theory to develop our research model. We sample 621 people and collect their responses through web-based measuring software. Structural model analysis shows that the willingness to subscribe to a new broadcasting medium is influenced by three characteristics of the medium: media richness, interactivity, and video quality. Multigroup analysis reveals that motivation to use a medium partially differs between IPTV and DCTV. This research concludes that the IPTV service is not attractive enough to act as a substitute for the already existing DCTV. In addition, for the IPTV service to proliferate, its business model should be promoted with new and differentiated revenue structures and services. The managerial implications in this study help new media businesses set business goals and product functionality, and allocate resources for the continued diffusion of IPTV.