• 생물환경조절학회지
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.79-84
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• 2015

단감을 재배하는 농가에서 저장성을 향상 시킬 수 있는 값싸고 쉬운 방법을 개발하기 위해 본 연구를 수행했다. 농가 관행 LDPE 포장재 내에 동봉할 수 있는 천연소재(대나무활성숯, 왕겨숯, 겔라이트)를 선발하여 상온과 저온환경에서 가용성 고형물 함량, 경도, 식미, 부패도, 연화도의 변화를 1주일 또는 2주일 간격으로 조사하였다. 대나무활성숯을 동봉한 LDPE 포장 방법이 단순 LDPE 포장 방법 보다 저장성 및 품질을 을 좋게 유지하였다. 대나무활성숯을 동봉한 LDPE 포장 방법은 관행 농법 농가와 유기 농법 농가 모두에서 장기 저장 시 그리고 유통 중 온도변화 시 저장성을 향상 시킬수 있는 값싸고, 손쉬운 방법으로 활용할 수 있을 것으로 판단된다.

• 한국재료학회지
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.82-87
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• 2001

Ti-6Al-2Sn-4Zr-6Mo(Ti6246) 합금의 고온 변형거동을 조사하기 위하여 $\alpha$+$\beta$ 영역 및 $\beta$영역의 온도에서 $10^0s^{-1}$에서 $10^{-3}s^{-1}$의 변형속도로 압축시험을 수행하였다. 유동응력은 변형속도가 증가하고 시험 온도가 감소함에 따라 증가하였다 90$0^{\circ}C$ 이하에서 시험한 결과로부터 얻어진 유동곡선은 가공연화 현상을 나타내었으나, 이 합금의$\beta$영역인 95$0^{\circ}C$ 이상에서는 유동응력이 지속적으로 증가하다가 정상 상태를 나타냈다. 압축시험 결과로부터 얻은 유동곡선 분석을 통하여 유동응력의 변형량, 변형속도 및 온도에 대한 관계로부터 이 합금에 대한 구성방정식을 구하였다.

• 한국재료학회지
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• 제21권7호
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• pp.391-395
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• 2011

The structure and dielectric properties of poled <001>-oriented 0.7Pb($Mg_{1/3}Nb_{2/3})O_3-0.3PbTiO_3$ (PMN-0.3PT) crystals have been investigated for orientations both parallel and perpendicular to the [001] poling direction. An electric field induced monoclinic phase was observed for the initial poled sample. The phase remained stable after the field was removed. A quite different temperature dependence of dielectric constant has been observed between heating and cooling due to an irreversible phase transformation. The results of mesh scans and temperature dependence of the dielectric constant demonstrate that the initial monoclinic phase changes to a single domain tetragonal phase at 370K and to a paraelectric cubic phase at 405K upon heating. However, upon subsequent cooling from the unpoled state, the cubic phase changes to a poly domain tetragonal phase and to a rhombohedral phase. In the ferroelectric tetragonal phase with a single domain state, the dielectric constant measured perpendicular to the poling direction was dramatically higher than that of the parallel direction. A large dielectric constant implies easier polarization rotation away from the polar axis. This enhancement is believed to be related to dielectric softening close to the morphotropic phase boundary and at the phase transition temperature.

• 대한금속재료학회지
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• 제47권11호
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• pp.707-715
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• 2009

This paper deals with cyclic stress and strain responses during isothermal low cycle fatigue (LCF) and thermo-mechanical fatigue (TMF) loadings on Nb and Mo containing 15Cr stainless steel, which is used for exhaust manifolds in automobiles. The test temperatures ($T_{i}$) of the isothermal LCF were 600 and $800^{\circ}C$. The minimum temperature of the TMF test was $100^{\circ}C$ and the maximum temperaures ($T_{p}$) were varied between 500 and $800^{\circ}C$. In both loading conditions, weak cyclic softening is observed at $T_{i}=T_{p}=800^{\circ}C$, but the transition to strong cyclic hardening is completed with the temperature decrease below $T_i=600{\sim}700^{\circ}C$ for LCF and $T_{p}=500{\sim}600^{\circ}C$ for TMF. The stress-strain hysteresis loops in the TMF loading show a significant stress relaxation during compressive (heating) half cycle at $T_{p}>500^{\circ}C$, which develops tensile mean stress during cycling. Due to the stress relaxation, the TMF test sample reveals much lower dislocation density than the isothermally fatigued sample at the same temperature with $T_{p}$. A detailed correlation between fatigue microstructure and cycling deformation behavior is discussed.

• 한국초전도ㆍ저온공학회논문지
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.70-74
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• 2023

The Small Punch Test (SPT) was developed to evaluate the softening and embrittlement of materials such as power plants and nuclear fusion reactors by taking samples in the field. Specimens used in the SPT are very thin and small disk-shaped compared to specimens for general tensile test, and thus have economic advantages in terms of miniaturization and repeatability of the test. The cryogenic SPT can also be miniaturized and has a significantly lower heat capacity than conventional universal test machines. This leads to reduced cooling and warm-up times. In this study, the cryogenic SPT was developed by modifying the existing room temperature SPT to be cooled by liquid nitrogen using a super bellows and a thermal insulation structure. Since the cryogenic SPT was first developed, basic experiments were conducted to verify the effectiveness of it. For the validation, aluminum alloy 6061- T6 specimens were tested for mechanical properties at room and cryogenic temperature. The results of the corrected tensile properties from the SPT experiment results were compared with known room temperature and cryogenic properties. Based on the correction results, the effectiveness of the cryogenic SPT test was confirmed, and the surface fracture characteristics of the material were analyzed using a 3d image scanner. In the future, we plan to conduct property evaluation according to the development of various alloy materials.

• 한국식품저장유통학회지
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• 제20권6호
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• pp.766-774
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• 2013

'부유' 단감의 상품성 유지를 위한 저장온도(상온과 저온)와 포장재(기능성 필름)효과를 구명하기 위해 본 연구를 수행하였다. 단감의 중량 감소는 포장재에 따른 차이가 커서 기능성 필름 포장처리 한 것이 무포장보다 매우 작았으며, 온도에 따라서는 저온저장이 중량감소 정도를 줄이는 것으로 나타났다. 단감의 경도는 온도의 영향을 받아 저온에서 변화 정도가 적었으며, 저온에서 기능성 필름 포장재를 이용한 처리구에서 가장 적게 변하는 것으로 나타났다. 포장 내 가스조성 변화는 $CO_2$ 농도가 저장온도 및 포장재에 따라 차이를 보여, 저온저장에서 기능성 필름을 이용한 처리구에서 적정 $CO_2$ 농도에 근접하는 것으로 나타났다. 단감의 호흡율($CO_2$ 발생량)은 저장 후 온도에 영향을 받으며, 포장재에 따라 달라졌는데, 저온저장에서 낮아지고 기능성 필름 포장재를 이용한 처리구에서 약간 낮아지는 경향을 보였다. 에틸렌 발생은 온도의 영향이 커서 저온저장에서 감소하였다. Hunter 'b' 값의 황색도는 포장재처리보다는 저장온도에 따른 차이가 큰 것으로 나타났으며, 저온에 저장하는 것이 변색을 지연시켰으나 저장기간이 길어질수록 단감의 변색과 품질저하가 우려되는 것으로 보인다. 따라서 '부유' 단감의 효과적인 상품성 유지를 위하여 저온조건에서 기능성 필름을 이용하는 것이 효과적인 것으로 나타났다.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.256-261
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• 2017

본 연구는 키위 과일의 수출 시 최적 수송온도를 구명하기 위하여 같은 수송조건을 설정한 시물레이션실험을 수행하였다. 수송온도로 $2^{\circ}C$와 $6^{\circ}C$ 조건을 설정하고 이와 비교한 실험군으로 변온조건으로 상온($20{\sim}28^{\circ}C$)을 두어 과실의 여러 물리화학적 변화를 조사하였다. 과실의 경도는 $2^{\circ}C$에서 가장 높게 유지되었고 이와 유기산 함량의 유지에서도 같은 결과였다. 가용성 당함량은 저온 저장 5주까지 완만히 증가하다가 그 이후 감소하기 시작하였는데 저온 처리간 차이는 크지 않았다. 이에 비하여 상온에서의 가용성 당함량은 저장 3주후에 과실이 부패하여 측정이 불가능하였다. 키위 과실의 당산비는 저온저장 5주 까지 18에서 27까지 크게 증가하여 과실의 품질이 크게 향상되다가 그 이후 감소하기 시작하였다. 이 결과로 키위는 전형적인 수확 후 호흡급등형 과실의 패턴을 보였고 저온처리 간에는 차이가 크지 않았다. 관능검사를 통하여 저장중인 키위 과육의 색을 조사한 결과, 저온처리($2^{\circ}C$와 $6^{\circ}C$)에서 차이가 크지 않았다.

• 대한기계학회논문집A
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.595-602
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• 1998

Specimens of 304 stainless steel were tested to failure at elevated temperatures under multiaxial stress states, uniaxial tension using smooth bar specimens, biaxial shearing using double shear bar specimens, and triaxial tension using notched bar specimens. Rupture times are compared for uniaxial, biaxial, and triaxial stress states with respect to the maximum principal stress, the von Mises effective stress, and the principal facet stress. The results indicate that the principal facet stress gives the best correlation for the material investigated, and this parameter can predict creep life data under multiaxial stress states with rupture data obtained with specimens under uniaxial stresses. The results also suggest that grain boundary cavitation, coupled with localized deformation processes such as grain boudary sliding, controls the lifetimes of the specimens.

• 한국정밀공학회지
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• 제20권7호
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• pp.26-35
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• 2003

This study explains the effects of lubricant and surface treatment on hot forging die life. The mechanical and thermal load, and thermal softening which is happened by the high temperature of die, in hot and warm forging, cause die wear, heat checking and plastic deformation, etc. This study is fur the effects of solid lubricants and surface treatment condition for hot forging die. Because cooling effect and low friction are essential to the long life of dies, optimal surface treatment and lubricant are very important to improve die life for hot forging process. The main factors, which affect die hardness and heat transfer, are surface treatments and lubricants, which are related to thermal diffusion coefficient and heat transfer coefficient, etc. For verifying these effects, experiments are performed for hot ring compression test and heat transfer coefficient in various conditions as like different initial billet temperatures and different loads. The effects of lubricant and surface treatment for hot forging die life are explained by their thermal characteristics. The new developed technique in this study for predicting tool life can give more feasible means to improve the tool life in hot forging process.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제65권6호
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• pp.645-656
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• 2018

Importance of procuring adequate knowledge about the mechanical behavior of double-layered graphene sheets (DLGSs) incensed the authors to investigate wave propagation responses of mentioned element while rested on a visco-Pasternak medium under hygro-thermal loading. A nonlocal strain gradient theory (NSGT) is exploited to present a more reliable size-dependent mechanical analysis by capturing both softening and hardening effects of small scale. Furthermore, in the framework of a classical plate theory the kinematic relations are developed. Incorporating kinematic relations with the definition of Hamilton's principle, the Euler-Lagrange equations of each of the layers are derived separately. Afterwards, combining Euler-Lagrange equations with those of the NSGT the nonlocal governing equations are written in terms of displacement fields. Interaction of the each of the graphene sheets with another one is regarded by the means of vdW model. Then, a widespread analytical solution is employed to solve the derived equations and obtain wave frequency values. Subsequently, influence of each participant variable containing nonlocal parameter, length scale parameter, foundation parameters, temperature gradient and moisture concentration is studied by plotting various figures.