• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• 제38권6호
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• pp.656-664
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• 2022

Pectobacterium odoriferum is the primary causative agent in Kimchi cabbage soft-rot diseases. The pathogenic bacteria Pectobacterium genera are responsible for significant yield losses in crops. However, P. odoriferum shares a vast range of hosts with P. carotovorum, P. versatile, and P. brasiliense, and has similar biochemical, phenotypic, and genetic characteristics to these species. Therefore, it is essential to develop a P. odoriferumspecific diagnostic method for soft-rot disease because of the complicated diagnostic process and management as described above. Therefore, in this study, to select P. odoriferum-specific genes, species-specific genes were selected using the data of the P. odoriferum JK2.1 whole genome and similar bacterial species registered with NCBI. Thereafter, the specificity of the selected gene was tested through blast analysis. We identified novel species-specific genes to detect and quantify targeted P. odoriferum and designed specific primer sets targeting HAD family hydrolases. It was confirmed that the selected primer set formed a specific amplicon of 360 bp only in the DNA of P. odoriferum using 29 Pectobacterium species and related species. Furthermore, the population density of P. odoriferum can be estimated without genomic DNA extraction through SYBR Green-based real-time quantitative PCR using a primer set in plants. As a result, the newly developed diagnostic method enables rapid and accurate diagnosis and continuous monitoring of soft-rot disease in Kimchi cabbage without additional procedures from the plant tissue.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• 제17권6호
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• pp.1743-1758
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• 2023

Automatic modulation classification is a critical algorithm for non-cooperative communication systems. This paper addresses the challenging problem of closed-set and open-set signal modulation classification in complex channels. We propose a novel approach that incorporates a self-learning filter and center-loss in Deep Residual Shrinking Networks (DRSN) for closed-set modulation classification, and the Opendistance method for open-set modulation classification. Our approach achieves better performance than existing methods in both closed-set and open-set recognition. In closed-set recognition, the self-learning filter and center-loss combination improves recognition performance, with a maximum accuracy of over 92.18%. In open-set recognition, the use of a self-learning filter and center-loss provide an effective feature vector for open-set recognition, and the Opendistance method outperforms SoftMax and OpenMax in F1 scores and mean average accuracy under high openness. Overall, our proposed approach demonstrates promising results for automatic modulation classification, providing better performance in non-cooperative communication systems.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• 제20권4호
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• pp.284-290
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• 1998

The purpose of this study was to assess the soft tissue changes using twenty skeletal class III malocclusion patients who treated with bimaxillary surgery for the correction of dentofacial deformities. Patients were divided into two groups. One was impaction and advancement of maxilla with mandibular set-back (Group 1), the other was downward and advancement of maxilla with mandibular set-back (Group 2). Preoperative and postoperative one year cephalometric data were analyzed and compared. Results obtained were as follows: 1. The ratio of horizontal changes of soft tissue to hard tissue at Nt to ANS, Ls to UI, Li to LI, sPog to Pog were 1:0.60, 1:0.79, 1:0.47, 1:0.63 in group 1 respectively, and 1:0.59, 1:0.48, 1:0.83, 1:1.09 in group 2 respectively. Soft tissue changes were highly predictable at the upper lip, lower lip, and chin area. 2. The ratio of vertical changes of soft tissue to hard tissue at Nt to ANS, Li to LI were 1:0.72, 1:0.06 in group 1, and others showed no statistically significant difference. 3. The ratio of horizontal changes of Ls to hard tissue movements at LI(h) was 1:-0.82 in group 1 and at UI(h), LI(h) were 1:0.48, 1:0.01 in group 2. These ratios of group 1 were greater than those of group 2. 4. The direction of horizontal change of Li was the same as that of hard tissue change. The ratio of horizontal changes of Li to LI was 1:0.47 in group 1 and others showed no statistically significant difference. 5. The changes of upper lip thickness and length were -1.6mm, -1.4mm in group 1, and -1mm, -2.7mm in group 2. 6. The ratios of thickness of upper lip to ANS, UI, LI were 1:-0.83, 1:-0.37, 1:0.11 in group 1. There was similar trend in group 2, and there were no statistically significant difference. These results suggest that prediction of changes in soft tissue of upper lip, lower lip, and chin were 79%, 47%, and 63% in group 1, and 48%, 83%, and 109% in group 2. There was a tendency to decrease in thickness and increase in length of the upper lip.

• 수산경영론집
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• 제42권3호
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• pp.95-107
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• 2011

The Comprehensive Measures for a soft landing of Household Debts affecting the credit service of Fisheries Cooperative (FC) have been known to the public in June 2011. Its essential points are as follows: 1) Abolition of Tax-free Regulation, 2) Set limit of loans, etc. per person, 3) Introduce leverage regulations for credit-specialized financial sector i. e. FC, 4) Gradually strengthen loan-loss reserve requirements for card-loan and other credit loans. However, the Financial Policy Measures seem to pay no attention to the Cooperative's Values, Principles and Identity. In this paper, emphasis is be placed on the task of the regulators i. e. Financial Services Commission and Financial Supervice Service to lift the Financial Measures negatively affecting the operation of fund of FCs, and on the establishment of Cooperative identity in order to further develop FCs.

• 한국전기전자재료학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국전기전자재료학회 2000년도 춘계학술대회 논문집 전자세라믹스 센서 및 박막재료 반도체재료 일렉트렛트 및 응용기술
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• pp.68-71
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• 2000

In this study, A set-up for measuring a initial permeability of soft-ferrite powder was developed with a differential transformer coil. To measure a initial permeability of magnetic powder is cumbersome since there are not any measuring equipment and method. A magnetic powder is currently used for a magnetic fluid and microwave absorber materials, and the initial permeability of the magnetic powders is very important to be evaluated a powder for some applications.

• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
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• 제30권3호
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• pp.428-437
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• 2006

This paper attempts to derive and analyze the dynamic system of grasping a rigid object by means of two multi-degrees-of-freedom robot flngers with soft and deformable tips. It is shown firstly that a set of differential equation describing dynamics system of the manipulators and object together with geometric constraint of tight area-contacts is formulated by Lagrange's equation. It is shown secondly that the problems of controlling both the forces of pressing object and the rotation angle of the object under the geometric constraints are discussed. In this paper. the control method for dynamic stable grasping and enhancing dexterity in manipulating things is proposed. It is illustrated by computer simulation that the control system gives the performance improvement in the dynamic stable grasping of the dual fingers robot with soft tips.

• Macromolecular Research
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• 제10권6호
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• pp.365-368
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• 2002

Thermoplastic polyurethanes (TPUs) with different hard segment length has been prepared from a fixed molar ratio of poly(tetramethylene ether glycol), 4,4'-diphenylmethane diisocyanate, and 1,4-butanediol by different polymerization procedures. Results reveal that the on-set temperature of endotherms ( $T_{cc}$ ) due to the crystallization of hard segments by cooling the TPUs from melt and the peak temperature of endotherms due to the melting of hard segments ( $T_{mh}$ ) by heating the TPUs increased and levelled off with increasing the hard segment length of TPUs. It has also been observed that soft segment glass transition temperature ( $T_{gs}$ ) of TPU decreased slightly with increasing the hard segment length, which explains less mixing of soft segments and hard segments. In tensile measurement of TPUs, strain hardening is observed with increasing the hard segment length, which is attributed to the strain induced crystallization of soft segments.

• 전기학회논문지
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• 제57권1호
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• pp.128-136
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• 2008

In this paper, we propose a new cache structure for effective error correction of soft error. We added check bit and SEEB(soft error evaluation block) to evaluate the status of cache line. The SEEB stores result of parity check into the two-bit shit register and set the check bit to '1' when parity check fails twice in the same cache line. In this case the line where parity check fails twice is treated as a vulnerable to soft error. When the data is filled into the cache, the new replacement algorithm is suggested that it can only use the valid block determined by SEEB. This structure prohibits the vulnerable line from being used and contributes to efficient use of cache by the reuse of line where parity check fails only once can be reused. We tried to minimize the side effect of the proposed cache and the experimental results, using SPEC2000 benchmark, showed 3% degradation in hit rate, 15% timing overhead because of parity logic and 2.7% area overhead. But it can be considered as trivial for SEEB because almost tolerant design inevitably adopt this parity method even if there are some overhead. And if only parity logic is used then it can have $5%{\sim}10%$ advantage than ECC logic. By using this proposed cache, the system will be protected from the threat of soft error in cache and the hit rate can be maintained to the level without soft error in the cache.

• 한국안전학회지
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.60-65
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• 2006

It is a well known fact that LCD is a central part of the IT industry which is important in the present and the future. But the biggest problem of LCD manufacturing is maintaining a cleaning room environment and administration. Therefore the purpose of this study is to first, prevent the yield depreciation and damage of products, and second, protect the worker ftom accidental electrostatic discharge during LCD manufacture. The soft x-ray ionizer is a type of electrostatic reducer device. It protects against electrostatic discharge in the cleaning room environment and is a necessary environmental factor during LCD production. The positive aspects of the soft x-ray are its shorter time and wider angle of exposure. But the negative aspect of the soft x-ray is its need for several shielding of protection from the harmful x-ray exposure. On this study, the development of the Air Nozzle-type ionizer to amend and refine some problems. For example, examined the electrostatic reduce device of a soft x-ray type and discovered the ion did not go inside well. also workers to be free from danger. An Air Nozzle-type ionizer is comprised of soft x-ray radiation and ionized air production. Air is injected through the nozzle after being ionized from radiation. It supplies air keeping the same pressure into the end foundation of ion production. The soft x-ray is the structure which radiates ionized air through the nozzle (21 holes) having micro holes of the ionizable radiation after ionizing the inside air by the ion production. A worker does not need a cover to protect against x-rays and the Air Nozzle-type ionizer is easy to set up and is more effective at eliminating electrostatic.

• Journal of Power Electronics
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• 제4권3호
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• pp.161-168
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• 2004

This paper presents a new circuit topology of high-frequency soft switching commutation boost type PWM chopper-fed DC-DC power converter with a loadside auxiliary passive resonant snubber. In the proposed boost type chopper-fed DC-DC power converter circuit operating under a principle of ZCS turn-on and ZVS turn-off commutation, the capacitor and inductor in the auxiliary passive resonant circuit works as the lossless resonant snubber. In addition to this, the voltage and current peak stresses of the power semiconductor devices as well as their di/dt or dv/dt dynamic stress can be effectively reduced by the single passive resonant snubber treated here. Moreover, it is proved that chopper-fed DC-DC power converter circuit topology with an auxiliary passive resonant snubber could solve some problems on the conventional boost type hard switching PWM chopper-fed DC-DC power converter. The simulation results of this converter are illustrated and discussed as compared with the experimental ones. The feasible effectiveness of this soft witching DC-DC power converter with a single passive resonant snubber is verified by the 5kW, 20kHz experimental breadboard set up to be built and tested for new energy utilization such as solar photovoltaic generators and fuel sell generators.