• Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.298-304
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• 1994

Water-based magnetic fluids were made of the synthesized ultrafine magnetite with surfactants such as sodium oleate and loeic acid. The water-based magnetic fluid was prepared under the condition that added amounts of sodium oleate and oleic acid dissolved with NH4OH were 2.64$\times$10-2 mol, 1.5~2.0$\times$10-2 mol respectively. The water-based magnetic fluid was stable and should be dispersed well dispersion in the range of pH 9.0 to pH 11.0. As the solid content increased from 0.05 g/cc to 0.4 g/cc, the viscosity of water-based magnetic fluids increased from 2.5 cP to 152 cP and their magnetization at 5 KOe linearly increased from 3.1 emu/g to 26 emu/g. The aggregated powder after drying the water-based magnetic fluid was also successfully re-dispersed in dilute NH4OH solution and in kerosene.

• Membrane and Water Treatment
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.43-52
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• 2015

A small-scale electro-dialysis system was constructed for domestic use. It is composed of six compartments in which five special polystyrene ionic membranes are housed. A series of experiments on the transport of sodium and chloride ions through polystyrene membranes was performed and the effects of electric current and voltage on the pH of water were investigated. This electrodialyser could reduce the NaCl content to an acceptable level (5307 mg/L) when water containing 9945 mg/L of sodium chloride is fed to the electrodialyser. The reduction was by the action of direct current 60 mA/100 mA when a 15 V / 20 V potential is maintained across the membrane. The results showed that the pH of the treated water attained a value in the range of 7-8, with the chloride concentration of 5307 mg/L when the voltage was in the range of 20 volts. This was achieved when two of the small-scale electro-dialysers were placed in series and the solutions from the respective compartments were mixed. This is considered useful because this complies to the requirement of drinking water standard both in terms of chloride and pH. Therefore, this type electrodialyserhas the potential for domestic uses in isolated houses where potable water supply is not available.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.17-21
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• 2013

The objectives in the present study were to evaluate the therapeutic effect of a sodium salts mixture against Salmonella gallinarum infection in broiler. Of this study, sixty broilers at two weeks of age (body weight, $450{\pm}35$ g) were used to estimate the efficacy of a sodium salts mixture (3.25 mg sodium azide, 2.45 mg sodium cyanide, 0.8 g sodium chlorate) against Salmonella gallinarum infection in broiler with drinking water. Broilers challenged with S. gallinarum were administered with ${\times}$ 1(group I) and ${\times}$ 2(group II) sodium salt mixture for seven days, and cecal content samples were collected at the gate of treatment and on 1st, 3rd, 5th, and 7th day after administration. Changes in body weight and cecal shedding of S. gallinarum were monitored during the experimental period. All groups treated with the sodium salt mixture slightly increased body weight compared to control group but there is no significant difference. At 7th day after administration, the number of S. gallinarum in group I and II was significantly decreased compared to control group (p < 0.001). In the hematological and blood biochemical analysis, values of parameters were not significantly different between the treated groups and control group. From results of the present study, the sodium salt mixture had therapeutic effect on S. gallinarum infection in broilers.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.20 no.5
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• pp.704-710
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• 1988

This study was, firstly, to investigate water holding capacity in terms of variation of moisture sorption isotherms of seasoned squid treated with sodium lactate, glycerol, propylene glycol, sorbitol, mannitol, sodium benzoate, potassium sorbate and calcium propionate, and secondly, the effect of humectant treatments on storage stability was studied. The criteria for storage stability was based on three quality factors, namely, lipid oxiations, color development by non-enzymatic browning reactions and lipid oxidation, and mold growth. The effect of humectants on equilibrium moisture content was in the following increasing order; mannitol < sorbitol < sodium lactate < propylene glycol < glycerol. The experimental data indicated that sodium lactate has, in practice, potentially positive effect on processing of seasoned squid. During the storage period of 60 days, TBA values increased in all samples tested as humectants concentrations increased up to 10%. However, in the range of 1-7% sodium lactate treatment, the degree of lipid oxidation, browning reactions and mild growth were not high enough to affect the quality of seasoned squid, when compared with conventionally manufactured ones.

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.169-174
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• 1996

Inclusion complexes of diclofenac sodium with ${\beta}-cyclodextrin$ were prepared in aqueous solution, alkaline solution and solid phase. The interaction of diclofenac sodium with ${\beta}-cyclodextrin$ in pH 9.0 alkaline solution was evaluated by the solubility method and the instrumental analysis such as thermal analysis, infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffractometry. The solubility of diclofenac sodium was increased linearly with the increase in the concentration of ${\beta}-cyclodextrin$up to 0.15 mol and showed that the aqueous solubility rate of diclofenac sodium was significantly increased by complex with ${\beta}-cyclodextrin$. The optimum composition of this complex was one molecule of ${\beta}-cyclodextrin$ included 1.59 molecular weight of diclofenac sodium as a guest molecule. The pharmacokinetic parameters of the diclofenac sodium and the complex with ${\beta}-cyclodextrin$ were studied in rats by oral route. $T_{max}$ between drug alone and inclusion complex showed significant difference to be 120 minute and 20 minute respectively. Both of $C_{max}$ and AUC of inclusion complex was about 40% higher than drug alone. It is estimated from the data in this study that complexation of diclofenac sodium with ${\beta}-cyclodextrin$ increased the absorption rate and improved the bioavalability of the diclofenac sodium by the formation of a water-soluble complexes.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.24-30
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• 2005

The flow of saliva is controlled entirely by nervous stimuli. The present study was aimed to explore the role of sympathetic and parasympathetic nerves in the regulation of sodium transporters and water channels in the salivary gland. Rats were denervated of their sympathetic and parasympathetic nerves to the submandibular gland, and the expression of sodium transporters and water channels was determined. The expression of either ${\alpha}-1$ or ${\beta}-1$ subunit of Na, K-ATPase was not significantly affected by the sympathetic denervation. On the contrary, the expression of both subunits was decreased by the parasympathetic denervation. The expression of ${\alpha}-,\;{\beta}-$, and ${\gamma}$-subunits of ENaC was not significantly affected by the sympathetic denervation, but was increased by the parasympathetic denervation. On the contrary, the expression of NHE3 was markedly decreased by both the sympathetic and the parasympathetic denervation. The sympathetic denervation significantly increased the expression of AQP1, while the parasympathetic denervation was without effect. The sympathetic and parasympathetic denervation significantly increased the expression of AQP4. The sympathetic denervation did not affect the expression of AQP5, but the parasympathetic denervation significantly decreased it. These results suggest that sympathetic and parasympathetic nerves have tonic effects on the regulation of sodium transporters and AQP water channels in the salivary gland. The sympathetic and parasympathetic denervation may then result in alterations of secretory rate and electrolyte composition of the saliva.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.34 no.6
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• pp.977-983
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• 2002

This study was performed to establish the precise and rapid method to distinguish croakers through the pigment analysis of colored imported white croakers for adultration. We surveyed the coloring behaviors, extraction test by water and organic solvent and using pigments such as targeting, curcumine, and azo dye products. The pigment of yellow croaker is not stained on wet cloth or tissue which is rubbed on epidermis of yellow croaker and was not eluted in water extraction test, while adulterated pigments were easily extracted by water and acetone, but edible diluted yellow, Yellow No. 4 and Yellow No. 5 were not extracted. Reactive pigment was detected easily by extraction with water and dispersed pigment was also detected by extraction test. As a result of discoloring characteristics of carotene having similar structure to yellow croaker and azo dye by oxidation and reduction, azo dyes were not discolored by oxidation with sodium percarbonate or peracetic acid but that were discolored by oxidation with Fenton reagent after 1hr and by hypochlorite promptly. On the other hand, carotenes were not discolored by sodium precarbonate and Fenton reagent but discolored by sodium hypochlorite after 2 hr and by peracetic acid promptly. Azo dyes were discolored by reduction with sodium hydrosulfite and sodium carbonate but carotenes were not discolored by these reagents. This discoloring test was applicable to detect adulterated pigments and other marine product.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.186-192
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• 2004

This study was performed to investigate softening methods of raw sea tangle for development of sea tangle processing products and intermediate materials. In examination of various softening agents, it was revealed that 0.3％ sodium triphosphate was best effective on softening with heat treatment. Softerness and spreadability of sea tangle treated with sodium triphosphate and heat treatment were indicated to be better than the others. In blanching studies, microwave was extremely effective on softening and the effect was as follows: microwave>steaming>boiling water in softening order. In the case of adding 0.3％ sodium triphosphate in blanching treatment, there was synergy effectiveness on softening. The color change of treated sea tangle was significantly different at p<0.05 depending on blanching method and addition amount of the agent.

• Korean Journal of Clinical Pharmacy
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.13-18
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• 2001

Omeprazole is usually administered as encapsulated enteric-coated granules and enteric-coated tablets because of its acid-labile nature. For children and patients who can not swallow, it can be mixed with water or other liquid after a capsule is opened or a tablet is crushed. This study was performed to compare omeprazole liquid formulations of tablet and capsule Omeprazole 20 mg capsule containing enteric coated granules was opened and 20 mg entric-coated tablet was ground to be mixed with sodium bicarbonate solution, orange juice or water. Each liquid formulation was poured into dissolution tester, mixed with first solution (artificial gastric juice; pH 1.2) for two hours, then with second solution (artifical enteric juice; pH 6.8) for thirty minutes. pH was measured periodically for two and half hours. Samples were drawn periodically, mixed with lansoprazole as an internal standard, and injected to HPLC. As results, pH of sodium bicarbonate solution of omeprazole was significantly higher than that of orange juice or water in first solution (6.2-7.4 vs. 1.2, p<0.005). At 150 min, concentrations of omeprazole in three diluents with granules and in sodium bicarbonate solution of tablet powder sustained significantly higher than in other solution of tablet powder (p<0.001). In conclusion, enteric-coated granules from capsule with three diluents and powder from tablet in sodium bicarbonate solution was stable during dissolution test, which would be appropriate and recommended for patient who can not swallow solid preparations.

• Korean journal of food and cookery science
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.351-355
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• 1995

The inhibitory effects of methanol, ethanol, chloroform/ methanol and water extracts from natural and cultural yams on the mutagenicity in the cooked pork (broiled and panfried) and the chemically induced mutagen, sodium azide, benzo(a)pyrene and 2-aminofluorene were investigated using salmolla typhimurium TA 100. In the presence of the S9 mixture, ethanol extract from natural yam showed high inhibitory effect on the mutagenicity of the cooked pork. But benzo(a)pyrene, supposed to be produced in mutagen during cooking, did not show high inhibitory effect in same extract. Besids, the yam extract on the mutagenicity of the sodium azide without S9 mixture showed low inhibitory effect. However 2-aminoflourene with S9 mixture showed high inhibitory effect, 91.5％.