• 한국의류학회지
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.9-14
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• 1981

The influence of laundering conditions on calcium deposition on the fabric was studied by repeated laundering the cotton fabric with soap in the hard water of 200 P.P.M. $CaCO_3$. The experimental variables were: 1) soap concentrations ($0.06\%$, $0.13\%$, $0.25\%$), 2) water contents in the fabric after hydroextraction. ($65\%$, $150\%$, $315\%$), 3) builders (Na-EDTA, sodium carbonate, sodium metasilicate), 4) washing cycle (5, 10, 15, 20 cycles). The fabric was washed for 15 minutes at $23\pm1^{\circ}C$ in a washing machine (Model; Gold Star Wp-2005) under the similar conditions with those of home laundering, and rinsed 5 times for 5 minutes. The amount of calcium deposits on the fabric was determined by the EDTA-Back titration method described by Wasserman and Basch. Results of this study were follows: 1) The amount of calcium deposits on the fabric increased with increasing wash cycles. 2) During the rinsing process, residual calcium content on the fabric increased with water content in the fabric after hydroextraction. 3) The amount of calcium deposits on the fabric decreased with the increasing soap concentration above the equivalent amount of calcium ion content in the water. 4) Sequestering agents and alkaline builders influenced the amount of calcium deposits on the fabric. The amount of calcium deposits on the fabric was in the order of sodium metasilicate, sodium carbonate, nonbuilder, and EDTA.

• 한국임상약학회지
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.71-76
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• 1999

The stability of penicillin G potassium injection after reconstitution was evaluated in two different diluents of sodium chloride $0.9\%$ and dextrose $5\%$ in water stored at room temperature or refrigerated condition. The concentrations of penicillin G, stored for 24 hours at room temperature or for 10 days at refrigerated condition, were determined by HPLC. Also the pHs of the reconstituted solutions were monitored. The concentrations and pHs of penicillin G potassium 500,000 U/ml injection after reconstitution gradually decreased in all conditions. Stored at room temperature after reconstitution, a new peak which suspected as degradation products of penicillin G was detected in 5 hours in sodium chloride $0.9\%$, 4 hours in dextrose $5\%$ in water. At refrigerated condition, the new peak was detected in 4 days in both sodium chloride $0.9\%$ and dextrose $5\%$ in water. The degradation products of penicillin G allergy have been thought to be one of the substances responsible for evoking allergic reactions. In conclusion, the penicillin G potassium 500,000 U/ml injection after reconstitution was stable for 4 hours in sodium chloride $0.9\%$ 3 hours in dextrose $5\%$ in water solution at room temperature. At refrigerated condition, both solutions were stable for 3 days after reconstitution.

• 한국지반환경공학회 논문집
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• 제12권4호
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• pp.17-24
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• 2011

차수 및 지반안정을 목적으로 규산나트륨을 사용한 기존의 알칼리성 물유리계 약액주입공법은 주입 후 시간경과에 따라 지하수에 의해 주입고결체로부터 알칼리성분의 용탈이 진행되어 내구성이 약해지고 지하수를 오염시키는 문제점이 있다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 규산나트륨 주입재의 문제점을 보완하기 위해 개발된 알칼리성 실리카졸 지반주입재의 효과를 규명하는 데에 그 목적이 있다. 연구비교대상으로는 규산나트륨 주입재와 알칼리성 실리카졸 주입재로 하였다. 규산나트륨과 알칼리성 실리카졸 용액에 대하여 보통 포틀랜트 시멘트와 고로 슬래그 시멘트를 각각 배합하여 총 4가지의 Case로 나누어 공시체를 제작하여 시험을 실시하였다. 재령에 따른 일축압축강도 시험을 실시하였고, 환경영향성평가를 위하여 어독성시험과 pH시험을 실시하여 비교 및 분석을 하였다. 본 연구를 통해 고로 슬래그 시멘트를 배합한 알칼리성 실리카졸 지반주입재가 우수한 강도와 친환경성을 가지고 있는 것으로 나타났다.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.162-184
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• 1983

The sodium amuounts of 35 food items and of the city supplied tap water in Seoul area were analyzed ay the Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry. The Korean food exchange lists for the sodium resricted diets were developed from the available data and the ones newly obtained in this research. The food exchange lists provided in this research is compiled from (1) Milk group (2) Vegetable groups : A with the carbhydrate content of 0-4.9% and -B with that of 5.0-14.9% (3) Fruit group (4 ) Grains and starch food group (5) Meat groups : -Low fat meat and protein foods with the fat content of 0-3.0gm ; -Medium fat meat and protein foods with that of 5.0gm and : -High fat meat and protein foods with that of 8.0gm and (6) Fat group. Lists of sweets, alcoholic and nonalcoholic beverages and seasonings and condiments were also provided with the amount of sodium they contain in portions commonly used. The research described in this report was supported by the Grant from the Department of Education.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제28권4호
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• pp.890-894
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• 1999

Microencapsulation of anchovy oil as a core material in sodium alginate as a wall material was inves tigated. Microencapsulation was accomplished by injecting an oil/water emulsion, consisting of a mixture of liquefied sodium alginate and emulsifier, under high pressure through an orifice submerged in a calcium lactate solution. Microcapsules suspended in a dispersion fluid were observed under a fluorescence mi croscope to verify the presence of the capsules and to note coalescence or degradation of the capsules. Optimum conditions for microencapsulation of anchovy oil were obtained when 1.0% aqueous solution of sodium alginate contained 3% of a 1:1 ratio of ESPR 25(polyglycerine＋polylinoleate) and TW 20(sorbitan laurate＋ethylene oxide) as an emulsifier in terms of capsule size and size distribution, and emulsion stability. The airless sprayer produced microcapsules with a diameter between 15.9 and 73.9 m with different concentration of a wall material. The optimum mixing ratio of wall material to core material was 90:10(wt/wt). 0.2% calcium lactate was appropriate as a dispersion fluid.

• Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry
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• 제67권
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• pp.326-332
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• 2018

In this study,the result shows that polyvinyl alcohol-sodium alginate (PVA-SA) gel bead crosslinked with sodium sulfate are better among the different methods by comparing the relative mechanical strength, mechanical strength swelling and expansion coefficient of beads in water. Subsequently, anammox biomass entrapment by PVA-SA gel was introduced into continuous stirred tank reactor (CSTR). After 24 operation days, the nitrogen removal efficiency achieved 60%, while the nitrogen loading rate (NLR) was $0.14kgN/m^3/d$ and the experiment data indicated that PVA-SA gel bead crosslinked with sodium sulfate can be used to initiate anammox process. Furthermore, it is an alternative for culturing anammox in a long-term operation.

• 한국해양환경ㆍ에너지학회지
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• 제16권4호
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• pp.227-238
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• 2013

본 연구의 목적은 해수담수화 과정 중 황산이온과 염소이온은 제거하고 유용미네랄인 마그네슘, 칼슘은 잔존 시키는 미네랄 수질 조정 기술로 먹는물 수질기준에 맞는 고경수 제조 공정 개발에 있다. 역삼투막(RO)에 통과시켜 농축수(Concentrated deep seawater)와 탈염수(desalted deep seawater)를 제조하고, 나노여과막(NF)를 사용하여 염화나트륨이 제거되지 않은 1차 미네랄 농축수(Mineral enriched deep seawater)를 제조하여, 전기투석 이온교환막(ED)을 가동하여 염화나트륨을 제거한 탈염 미네랄농축수(Mineral enriched desalted water)를 제조하여 이를 RO 탈염수와 희석하여 고경도 먹는해양심층수를 제조하였다. 역삼투막은 해수(해양심층수) 원수에서 용존물질과 담수를 분리할 수 있으며, 2차에 걸쳐 역삼투막을 사용하면, 용존성분 중 99.9% 이상 제거되고, 경도 1이하, 염소이온의 농도 2.3 mg/L인 용존물질이 완전히 제거된 탈염수(순수)를 제조할 수 있었다. 나노여과막 (NF 막)의 간극은 $10^{-9}$ m으로 마그네슘과 칼슘은 50%정도 통과시키며, 염소이온과 나트륨 같은 일가이온은 95%이상 통과한다. 나노여과막은 마그네슘과 칼슘과 같은 경도 성분과 나트륨과 염소이온과 같은 염분성분을 분리 농축할 수 있지만, 완벽하게 분리하지는 못한다. 전기투석막(ED)은 전기전도도에 따라 경도성분의 이가이온과 염분성분인 일가이온이 분리된다. 전기전도도 20 mS/cm 이상에서 경도성분(마그네슘이온, 칼슘 이온 등)은 제거되지 않는 반면, 염분성분 (나트륨이온, 염소이온 등)은 지속적으로 제거되었다. 따라서, 나노여과막을 이용하여 마그네슘과 칼슘과 같은 경도 성분을 농축하고, 전기투석막을 이용하여 경도농축수에서 염분성분을 분리하여 경도농도 12,600 mg/L, 염소이온 농도 2,446 mg/L의 염분성분이 배제된 고경도 농축수를 제조할 수 있었다. 이러한 고경도수를 역삼투막을 이용하여 용존물질이 모두 제거된 2차 RO 생산수로 10배 희석하면 염소이온 농도 244 mg/L 로 먹는물 수질기준에 적합하면서 경도농도 1,260 mg/L 인 고경도 수 제조도 가능하였다. RO/NF/ED 또는 NF/ED 연계공정은 해수의 증발 없이 역삼투막, 나노여과막과 전기투석막만을 이용하여 염소이온과 나트륨, 칼륨, 황산이온과 같은 염분성분을 제거하면서 마그네슘과 칼슘과 같은 경도성분은 농축할 수 있어서 먹는물 수질기준에 적합한 고경도수 제조가 가능하였으며, 이 과정 중 소모되는 에너지를 줄일 수 있었다.

• 한국자원식물학회지
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• 제31권4호
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• pp.275-282
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• 2018

염증성 대장질환에 대한 작약의 효능 연구가 미비하여 본 연구에서는 dextran sulfate sodium로 유도된 궤양성 대장염의 임상증상인 체중감소, 결장단축, 질병활성화 정도에 대한 작약의 효과를 관찰하였다. 또한 대장 조직 내 염증매개인자인 interleukin-6 및 cyclooxygenase-2의 생성에 대한 작약의 효과를 측정하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 첫째 dextran sulfate sodium로 유도된 궤양성 대장염에서 체중 감소에 대한 작약의 효과를 관찰한 결과 유의적으로 억제함을 확인하였다. 둘째 DSS로 유도된 궤양성 대장염에서 결장 단축에 대하여 작약의 억제 효과가 유의성 있게 나타났다. 셋째 dextran sulfate sodium로 유도된 궤양성 대장염에서 임상증상인 설사, 잠혈 및 출혈 등의 질병활성화 정도에 대한 작약의 효과를 관찰한 결과 유의적으로 질병활성화 정도를 억제하였다. 넷째 대장 조직내 염증매개인자인 interleukin-6 및 cyclooxygenase-2의 생성증가에 대한 작약의 억제효과를 확인 하였다. 본 연구는 작약의 효능을 과학적으로 입증한 결과로, 작약의 궤양성 대장염의 치료제 개발의 소재로서의 가능성을 시사한다.

• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제38권1호
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• pp.26-42
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• 2018

Today incorporation of natural ingredients as inorganic phosphate replacers has come into prominence as a novel research topic due to health concerns about phosphates. In this study, we aimed to investigate the quality of emulsified chicken meatballs produced with Jerusalem artichoke powder (JAP), either alone or in combination with sodium carbonate (SC) as sodium tripolyphosphate (STPP) replacers. The results showed that naturally dried JAP showed favorable technological properties in terms of water-oil binding and gelling. Emulsion batters formulated with JAP-SC mixture showed lower jelly and fat separation, higher water-holding capacity and higher emulsion stability than control samples with STPP. In final product, incorporation of JAP-SC mixture increased moisture and reduced lipid and energy values, and kept the pH value similar to control. Added JAP lead to increments in $b^*$ values whereas decreases $L^*$ values. Cook yield was similar to control in phosphate-free samples formulated with JAP-SC mix. Either low or medium ratios of JAP in combination with SC managed to protect most of the sensory parameters, while sensory scores tend to decrease in samples containing high levels of JAP. Addition of JAP to formulations presented samples that have equivalent behavior to phosphates in terms of lipid oxidation. In conclusion, our study confirms that utilization of JAP in combination with SC had promising effects as phosphate replacers by presenting natural solutions and providing equivalent quality to standard phosphate containing products.

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.153-161
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• 1995

Alginic acid is a hydrophilic , colloidal polysaccharide obtained from cell wall of seaweed or brown algae and has a broad range of applications. Alginlc acid becomes alginate gel bead due to its cation-induced gelation. Dried alginate beads can be reswollen according to environmental pH. The purpose of this paper is to explore the possible applicability of alginate beads as an oral controlled release system of ibuprofen. In this experiment ibuprofen was incorporated in alginate beads and alginate beads were treated with various methods. Ibuprofen release from alginate beads in phosphate buffer (pH 7.4) was laster than in distilled water and dilute HCl. The release of ibuprofen was more sustained in bead than simple mixture and coprecipitate of ibuprofen and sodium alginate. The dissolution rate of ibuprofen was decreased in using of bead that hardened with formaldehyde. The dissolution rate of the drug from the bead was the fastest in 12 hour dried beads, 1.5%-sodium alginate concentration and 1%-calcium chloride concentration. Sodium alginate bead can be used as a sustaind release drug delivery system of water-insoluble drugs.