• 대한화장품학회지
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.6-16
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• 1998

Ceramides are currently emerging as the major skin care ingredients due to !heir barrier properties in the stratum corneum of the human skin. Thus, major cosmetic companies have developed synthetic ceramide analogs for their own use. In this study, several ceramide mimic compounds , new skin barrier lipids, were designed and synthesized, and their physical and biological properties were investigated to evaluate their skin care capability. Several structures were designed from the variation of hydrophobic alkyl chain and hydrophilic moiety by the use of molecular modeling software. The selected targets were synthesized, and their properties and activities were studied as the pure form, in the emulsion, or in the lamellar mixture containing cholesterol and fatty acid. Some compounds, such as 1,3-bis(N-(2-hydroxyethyl)-palmitoylamino)-2-hydroxypropane, enhanced the restoration of skin barrier damaged by SDS(sodium dodecyl sulfate), and by acetone treatment. The rate of restoration was comparable to that of natural ceramides. The synthesized compounds alleviated SDS induced skin irritation and facilitated lamellar phase liquid crystal formation. The treatment of 1,3-Dis(N-(2-hydroxyethyl)-palmitoylam ino)-2-hyd roxypropane on the acetone damaged skin revealed that the compound promoted the recovery of intercellular lipid lamellar structure of stratum corneum layer. The replacement of palmitoyl groups of the compound with shorter alkyl chain gave lower emulsion viscosity and liquid crystal density, suggesting easier formulation and poorer barrier activity. Most of the synthesized compounds were non-irritable in various toxicological tests proving that they can be safely introduced to the skin care formulations.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제21권6호
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• pp.712-718
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• 1992

산 강직근과 알카리 강직근의 사후 자장중 물리, 화학적 변화를 비교 검토하였다. 근섬유의 소편화도는 산강직근이 알카리 강직근에 비하여 저장 3일째부터 월등히 높았다. $Mg^{2+}$-ATPase 활성은 알카리 강직근이 저장 전기간 동안 산 강직근 보다 높았으며, 산 강직근은 저장 1일째, 알카리 강직근은 저장 3일째에 가장 높았다. $Ca^{2+}$-ATPase 활성에 있어서 산 강직근과 알카리 강직근 모두 전 저장기간 동안 약간 증가하는 경향이었으나 산 강직근은 알카리 강직근 보다 전기간 동안 활성도가 낮았다. Actomyosin의 용해성이나 myofibril의 전기영동상은 강직 형태에 따른 유의한 차이가 없었다.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• 제41권9호
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• pp.265-270
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• 2017

Background: Over the years, pine pollens have been excluded as an allergen due to its relatively large size, low protein content, and waxy hydrophobic layer, despite their abundance. However, recent studies suggest the possibilities of pine pollens being allergens, and it has been reported that allergy symptoms were highly prevalent in areas with considerably large pine forests and high possibility of exposure to the pollen. Therefore, we conducted a comparative analysis of the allergenicities of the pollens from the dominant species of Korean pines, red pine (Pinus densiflora), black pine (Pinus thunbergii), and pitch pine (Pinus rigida), in mice. Methods: The protein composition of the pollens from the three pine species was compared via sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). The pine pollens and proteins extracted from the pollens were introduced to BALB/c mice by nasal inhalation and application to exposed skin and the IgE produced by the mice were extracted from blood and analyzed via ELISA. Results: SDS-PAGE showed differing protein compositions of the pollens of the three pine species. Analysis of blood IgE compositions showed a similar amount of IgE produced when pollens were applied to skin. In contrast, when mice inhaled the pollens, P. densiflora was shown to induce significantly more IgE production than those of the other two species. Conclusions: The experimental results demonstrate that the pollens of all three South Korean pine species induce IgE production, and this production was more pronounced when the pollens were inhaled than when they were applied to the skin. Of the three species, the pollen of P. densiflora was found to induce the highest level of IgE production.

• 대한화학회지
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• 제57권6호
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• pp.703-711
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• 2013

In the present investigation, kinetic studies of oxidation of formic acid with and without catalyst and promoter in aqueous acid media were studied under the pseudo-first order conditions [formic acid]T ${\gg}[Cr(VI)]_T$ at room temperature. In the 1,10-phenanthroline (phen) promoted path, the cationic Cr(VI) phen complex is the main active oxidant species undergoes a nucleophilic attack by the substrate to form a ternary complex which subsequently experiences a redox decomposition through several steps leading to the products $CO_2$ and $H_2$ along with the Cr(III) phen complex. The anionic surfactant (i.e., sodium dodecyl sulfate, SDS) and neutral surfactant (i.e., Triton X-100, TX-100) act as catalyst and the reaction undergo simultaneously in both aqueous and micellar phase with an enhanced rate of oxidation in the micellar phase. Whereas the cationic surfactant (i.e., N-cetyl pyridinium chloride, CPC) acts as an inhibitor restricts the reaction to aqueous phase. The observed net enhancement of rate effects has been explained by considering the hydrophobic and electrostatic interaction between the surfactants and reactants. The neutral surfactant TX-100 has been observed as the suitable micellar catalyst for the phen promoted chromic acid oxidation of formic acid.

• 대한화학회지
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• 제40권9호
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• pp.630-634
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• 1996

양배추 포스포리파제 D의 기질특이성을 조사하기 위해 아실 사슬길이가 틀린 코린 인지질을 사용하여 그 반응성을 검토하였다. 선택한 아실 사슬은 포화지방산 $C_8:0,\;C_{12}:0,\;C_{16}:0,\;C_{20}:0$이었다. 이들 인지질들의 반응성은 계면활성제 Sodium dodecyl sulfate의 농도에 따라 큰 영향을 받았으며, 아실 사슬길이가 길어짐에 따라 최적 PC : SDS의 농도비는 1:1.4, 1:2.2, 1:2.5, 1:3.6으로 나타났다. 이와 함께, 효소의 최적활성을 나타내는 온도도 길이가 길어짐에 따라 20$^{\circ}C$, 30$^{\circ}C$, 35$^{\circ}C$, 45$^{\circ}C$로 크게 변화하였다. 이와는 달리 최적 pH와 $Ca^{2+}$농도는 사슬길이에 따라 큰 영향을 받지 않았다. $V_{max}$ 값은 아실 사슬의 기질이 가장 커 가수분해가 잘 일어남을 보여주었으며 사슬길이가 길어질수록 반응속도는 감소하였다.

• 한국자원식물학회지
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• 제12권3호
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• pp.198-203
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• 1999

콩 저장 단백질의 대부분은 globulin이며, 이중 7S와 11S가 70% 이상을 차지한다. 따라서 콩 단백질의 조성개량을 위해서는 11S/7S비율 조정이 우선되는데, 본 연구에서는 전기영동(SDS-PAGE)법을 사용하여 콩 단백질 7S와 11S를 분리 확인하고, 이들 분획 단백질의 유전변이를 분석하였다. 국내 3개지역에서 재배된 콩 장려품종 6계통들의 평균 7S 함량은 38.9% 이었고 11S는 61.2%의 함량을 나타내었다. 분산분석 결과 품종간에 는 유의성이 있었지만 지역간에는 변이가 없었으며, 품종 x 지역의 상호작용은 고도의 유의성을 나타내었다. 유전력은 7S분획중의 $\beta$함량이 72.7%로 높게 나타났다. 공분산을 이용한 상관계수 추정에서는 유전상관이 표현형 상관 보다 다소 높게 나타났다. 따라서 7S와 11S의 분획간 함량을 조정함으로써 콩 단백질의 조성을 개량할 수 있으리라 판단된다.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제16권4호
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• pp.653-658
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• 2006

사과 겹무늬썩음병균이(Botryosphaeria dothidea) 생성하는 세포벽 분해효소인 endopolygalaturonase를 억제하는 polygalacturonase-inhibiting protein (PGIP)를 사과 과실로부터 분리하였다. 분리되어진 사과 PGIP는 사과 겹무늬썩음병균이 생성하는 PG에 대하여 혼합형의 저해를 나타내었다. PGIP의 반응 최적온도는 $40^{\circ}C$이며 최적 pH는 5.0이었다. 이 효소는 $60^{\circ}C$까지는 비교적 안정하였으나 $70^{\circ}C$에서는 효소의 활성이 완전히 억제되었으며 pH 4.0에서 8.0까지는 안정하였다. PGIP는 $K^+$, $Cu^{2+}$, $Mg^{2+}$, $Ca^{2+}$ 과 $Zn^{2+}$ 등의 금속이온과 SDS 그리고 CDTA에 의해 효소의 활성이 저해되었다.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제22권7호
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• pp.930-938
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• 2012

High levels of xylanase activity (143.98 IU/ml) produced by the newly isolated Paenibacillus campinasensis G1-1 were detected when it was cultivated in a synthetic medium. A thermostable xylanase, designated XynG1-1, from P. campinasensis G1-1 was purified to homogeneity by Octyl-Sepharose hydrophobic-interaction chromatography, Sephadex G75 gel-filter chromatography, and Q-Sepharose ion-exchange chromatography, consecutively. By multistep purification, the specific activity of XynG1-1 was up to 1,865.5 IU/mg with a 9.1-fold purification. The molecular mass of purified XynG1-1 was about 41.3 kDa as estimated by sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). Sequence analysis revealed that XynG1-1 containing 377 amino acids encoded by 1,134 bp genomic sequences of P. campinasensis G1-1 shared 96% homology with XylX from Paenibacillus campinasensis BL11 and 77%~78% homology with xylanases from Bacillus sp. YA-335 and Bacillus sp. 41M-1, respectively. The activity of XynG1-1 was stimulated by $Ca^{2+}$, $Ba^{2+}$, DTT, and ${\beta}$-mercaptoethanol, but was inhibited by $Ni^{2+}$, $Fe^{2+}$, $Fe^{3+}$, $Zn^{2+}$, SDS, and EDTA. The purified XynG1-1 displayed a greater affinity for birchwood xylan, with an optimal temperature of $60^{\circ}C$ and an optimal pH of 7.5. The fact that XynG1-1 is cellulose-free, thermostable (stability at high temperature of $70^{\circ}C{\sim}80^{\circ}C$), and active over a wide pH range (pH 5.0~9.0) suggests that the enzyme is potentially valuable for various industrial applications, especially for pulp bleaching pretreatment.

• Advances in nano research
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.1-11
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• 2020

In order to develop a new adsorbent for removal of formaldehyde from aqueous solution, surface modification of TiO₂ nanoparticles was performed with 2,4-Dinitrophenylhydrazine (DNPH) that have a strong affinity to the formaldehyde. Sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) surfactant was used to improve the DNPH grafting to TiO₂ surface. Modified adsorbents were characterized by SEM, TEM, XRD, EDX and FTIR. Since the COD level in wastewaters including formaldehyde is considerable, it is necessary to determine the COD content of the synthetic wastewater. In order to determine the optimal removal conditions, the effect of contact time (60-210 min), pH (4-10) and adsorbent dosage (0.5-1.5 g/L) on adsorption and COD removal efficiencies were studied, using response surface method. EDX and FTIR analysis confirmed the presence of nitrogen-containing functional groups on the modified TiO₂ surface. The maximum formaldehyde adsorption and COD removal efficiencies by modified TiO₂ were about 15.65 and 7.35% higher than the unmodified nanoparticles respectively. Therefore, the grafting of nano-TiO₂ with DNPH would greatly improve its formaldehyde adsorption efficiency. The optimum conditions determined for a maximum formaldehyde removal of 99.904% and a COD reduction of 94.815% by TiO₂/SDS/DNPH nanocomposites were: adsorbent dosage 1.100 g/L, pH 7.424 and the contact time 183.290 min.

• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제43권2호
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• pp.305-318
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• 2023

This study investigated the protein digestibility of chicken breast and thigh in an in vitro digestion model to determine the better protein sources for the elderly in terms of bioavailability. For this purpose, the biochemical traits of raw muscles and the structural properties of myofibrillar proteins were monitored. The thigh had higher pH, 10% trichloroacetic acid-soluble α-amino groups, and protein carbonyl content than the breast (p<0.05). In the proximate composition, the thigh had higher crude fat and lower crude protein content than the breast (p<0.05). Sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) of myofibrillar proteins showed noticeable differences in the band intensities of tropomyosin α-chain and myosin light chain-3 between the thigh and breast. The intrinsic tryptophan fluorescence intensity of myosin was lower in the thigh than in the breast (p<0.05). Moreover, circular dichroism spectroscopy of myosin revealed that the thigh had higher α-helical and lower β-sheet structures than the breast (p<0.05). The cooked muscles were then chopped and digested in the elderly digestion model. The thigh had more α-amino groups than the breast after both gastric and gastrointestinal digestion (p<0.05). SDS-PAGE analysis of the gastric digesta showed that more bands remained in the digesta of the breast than that of the thigh. The content of proteins less than 3 kDa in the gastrointestinal digesta was also higher in the thigh than in the breast (p<0.05). These results reveal that chicken thigh with higher in vitro protein digestibility is a more appropriate protein source for the elderly than chicken breast.