• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.37 no.4
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• pp.243-247
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• 1994

Endo-polygalacturonase was purified from Jujube. The purification procedures included DEAE-cellulose ion exchange chromatography and gel filtration on Sephdex G-100. Enzyme was purified as a single protein band and purification yield was about 6%. When the purified enzyme was applied to sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, the molecular weight was estimated about 19,000. Purified enzyme formed hexagonal board type.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.27 no.2 s.66
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• pp.182-195
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• 2006

Objectives : We examined the effect of Hwangryunhaedoktang(HH) on the experimental ulcerative colitis induced by dextran sulfate sodium (DSS). Methods : Experimental colitis was induced in rats by daily treatment with 5% DSS in the drinking water for 5 days. Afterward, the mts were divided into two groups: the control group was administered water and the sample group was administered HH for 7 days. Results : The sample group provided HH for 7 days demonstrated fast recovery of body weight compared with the control group. Histologic change showed fast regeneration of crypt and surface epithelial cells and decreased edema of the submucosa and decreased lymphatic follicle of mucosa compared with the control group. Immunohistochemical stain usingCOX-2 gene was decreased and there was localized Ki-67 positive reaction. Regeneration of surface epithelial cell and goblet cell in mucosa was observed by transmission electron microscope. These results indicate therapeutic effect of HH on DSS-induced colitis in rats.

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.141-144
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• 2003

The transdermal therapeutic system (TTS) of scopolamine has various advantages over its oral dosage forms. The ideal scopolamine TTS requires high skin permeation rate in short time after it is applied on the skin. In order to increase the initial skin permeation rate of scopolamine from TTS, various permeation enhancers were employed. Enhancers employed were fatty acids (oleic and linolenic acids), cyclic monoterpenes (menthol, camphor, cineole and limonene) and others (isopropyl myristate, sodium lauryl sulfate and glyceryl monostearate). The concentration of enhancers in the base were fixed to 5% (w/w). While fatty acids had little enhancing effect on the skin permeation of scopolamine, cyclic monoterpenes, isopropyl myristate and sodium lauryl sulfate resulted in $1.5{\sim}2.6-fold$ higher skin permeation rate of the drug compared to the control. However, lag time was not affected by enhancers studied.

• Biomedical Science Letters
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.188-194
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• 2013

Ulcerative colitis (UC) is an inflammatory bowel disease, which is a chronic gastrointestinal disorder. Adenophorae Radix (AR) has been used as a traditional medicine for various diseases including strengthening cardiac function, allaying a fever, and easing pain and cough. However, the regulatory effects of AR in intestinal inflammation are not yet understood. This study attempted to determine the effect of AR in dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) - induced colitis in mice. The colitis mice were induced by drinking water containing 5% DSS for 7 days. The results showed that mice treated with DSS showed remarkable clinical signs, including weight loss, and reduced colon length. Administration of AR attenuated weight loss, colon shortening and inhibited the levels of interleukin (IL) - 6 in DSS - treated colon tissues. These results provide experimental evidence that AR might be a useful therapeutic medicine for patients with UC.

• Natural Product Sciences
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.78-84
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• 2007

Schizandra chinensis fruits (SC) have been used as a traditional Oriental medicine for treatments of many stress-induced diseases. In the present study, we investigated the protective effect of SC aqueous extract(SC-Ex) in the inflammatory diseases of intestine using a mouse model of ulcerative colitis. An experimental colitis was induced by daily treatment with 5% dextran sulfate sodium (DSS). SC-Ex was orally administered from day 2 of DSS treatment in a dose-dependent manner. Administration of SC-Ex reduced significantly clinic signs of DSS-induced colitis, including body weight loss, shorten colon length, increased disease activity index, and histological colon injury. Moreover, SC-Ex suppressed significantly not only the activities of myeloperoxidase (MPO) and chymase, but also the expressions of $TNF-{\acute{a}}$ and COX-2 in DSS-treated colon tissues. Inhibitory effect of SC-Ex was effective at a dose over 20 mg/kg. Our results indicate that SC-Ex may possess therapeutic effect on the development of DSS-induced colitis.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.752-764
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• 2008

Objectives : This study was carried out to investigate the effects of Doche-tang on colonic mucosal ulcer induced by dextran sulfate sodium(DSS). Method : The group was divided into three. The normal group consisted of mice that were not inflammation-induced. The control group was composed of untreated colitis elicited mice. The sample group was administered Doche-tang after colitis elicitation. The effects on colonic mucosal ulcers were evaluated by the morphological change of colonic mucosa, the anti-oxidant effect, HSP 70, $NF-{\kappa}B$, COX-1, COX-2 and iNOS. Results : In terms of immunohistochemical findings, the distribution of COX-1 in mice treated with Doche-tang noticeably increased more than that in the control group. The distribution of HSP70, $NF-{\kappa}B$, COX-2, iNOS in mioe treated with Doche-tang decreased more than that in the control group. Regeneration of surface epithelial cell and goblet cell in mucosa was observed by transmission electron microscope. Conclusion : According to the results, Doche-tang is practicable treatment for colonic mucosal ulcer.

• Journal of the Korea institute for structural maintenance and inspection
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• v.12 no.5
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• pp.55-64
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• 2008

Shotcrete have become a deterioration which was exposed to harmful environments. In this study, in order to evaluate the deterioration properties of shotcrete, visual examination, compressive strength, adhesive strength, microstructural analysis were investigated up to the 60th weeks of exposure. The attack solutions for test are sodium sulfate and hydrochloric acid solution with different concentrations, respectively. From the results, although the compressive strength of shotcrete specimens and the adhesive strength between specimens and rocks were high at the early immersion age, they rapidly dropped in the subsequent phases, especially in 5% sodium sulfate and pH1 hydrochloric acid solution. With continued exposure, various harmful ions penetrated into the shotcrete specimen, reacted with the cement hydrate, and generated expansion substances. It was verified that the shotcrete specimens suffered a serious deterioration by chemical attack.

• Food Science and Biotechnology
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.262-266
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• 2009

To evaluate the anticolitic effect of red ginseng (RG, the steamed root of Panax ginseng CA. Meyer, Araliaceae), RG and its representative constituents, ginsenosides Rg3 and Rh2, were orally administered to dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitic mice and inflammatory markers investigated. RG and its constituents, ginsenosides Rg3 and Rh2, inhibited colon shortening and myeloperoxidase activity induced by DSS. The ginsenosides Rg3 and Rh2 inhibited mRNA expression of interleukin (IL)-$1{\beta}$ as well as protein levels of IL-$1{\beta}$ and IL-6. These ginsenosides also inhibited the activation of a transcription nuclear factor (NF)-${\kappa}B$. Ginsenoside Rh2 was a more potent inhibitor than ginsenoside Rg3. The anticolitic effects of these ginsenosides were comparable with sulfasalazine.

• Journal of the Korean Electrochemical Society
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.163-168
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• 2010

Effects of Cetyl Trimethyl Ammonium Bromide (CTAB), which is a kind of cationic surfactants, and Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate (SDS), which is a kind of anionic surfactants on the anodic formation of nanoporous niobium oxide were compared. The addition of SDS could protect the surface from dissolution for long time, leading to the formation of niobium oxide with a double thickness (~400 nm) compared to that prepared without surfactant, whereas dissolution seriously occurred in the solution containing CTAB. The different behaviors were attributed to the interaction between the surfactants with positive (or negative) charge and positively charged niobium oxide.

• The Korean Journal of Zoology
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.119-125
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• 1990

A Potent inhibitor of trypsin and other various serine proteases including chymotrypsin, elastase, kallikrein, plasmin and subtilisin, has been purified to homogeneity from chick skeletal muscle by convendonal chromatographic procedures. The Inhibitor has an apparent molecular weight of 66, 000 dalton as determined by gel filtration. When the purified inhibitor was electrophoresed in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulfate, there appeared rwo protein bands having molecular weights of 66, 000 and 64, 000 dalton. The 64, 000 dalton protein seems to be the product of 66, 000 dalton protein by a lin'ited proteolysis during the purification procedure or in viuo. Thus, it seems to consist of a single polypeptide. The inhibitor appeared to be glycoprotein and have an isoelectric point of 7.4. It contains relatively large amount (8.33 mole%) of cysteine residues.