• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.47-54
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• 1995

Water pollution, which is caused by surfactants, is increased by insolubility and excessive uses of detergents. The detergency properties of nine kinds of amphoteric surfactants derived from imidazoline were investigated and compared with sodium lauryl sulfats(SLS) of petrochemical surfactant by using detergent formulations. Several physico-chemical properties were measured to investigate the effective factors on detergency. From the comparision of these compounds with SLS, it was found that 1-(2-hydroxyethyl)-1- (3-sulfonatedpropyl)-2-undecyl-2-imidazolinum [IV] has the most outstnading characteristics of detergency and various fundamental properties. Therefore, this result is expected to do its environmental stability as a nonpolluting detergent. Detergency process of surfactants were discussed in relation to physico-chemical treatments. Performance improvement on detergency is made work of adhesion to soil as small as possible. Therefore these results show that contamination is easily removed and industrial applications may be respected.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.13-23
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• 1984

The fluorescence intensity rations (F2.F1) of excimer (F2) to monomer (F1) of pyrene were measured as a function of the concentration of sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS). It was found that there were not gross changes in size and shape of sphere-shape micelles in the first micelle concentration, while at concentrations above the second critical micelle concentration (CMC) the micelles grew in size with increasing concentration. Fluorescence intensities of 8-anilinonaphthalene 1-sulfonate (ANS) were also monitored as a micellar probe with varying concentrations of SDS. Results suggested that a phase transition from sphere-shaped micelles to hemicapped rod-like micelles occurred at the second CMC (17). A general formula for the axial ratio of ellip-soil-shaped micelle in the first micelle concentration was suggested. According to this general formula, the axial ratio of SDS, sodium lauryl ether sulfate and sodium laurate were 1:1, 5:2, and 5:3, respectively. The electrolyte-induced phase transition from spherical to hemicapped rod-like micelles occurred and the size of hemicapped rod-like micelles grew with increasing electrolyte concentrations. The maximum concentrations of solubilzed benzene in sphere-shaped micelles and hemicapped rod-like micelles were measured by differential spectrohpotometry. The hemicapped rod-like micelles in the presence of electrolytes grew in size with increasing amount of benzene solubilized.

• Journal of Korean society of Dental Hygiene
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.311-322
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• 2010

Objectives : Since the program about sodium lauryl sulfate that might cause oral dryness and taste change including oral tissue allergy was on the air, the ingredients of D.I.Y dentifrices without sodium lauryl sulfate have been sold in online shopping mall and ordinary people can make the dentifrices easily. But there have not been any reports about the effect of dental plaque removal and preference about D.I.Y dentifrices. Therefore, this study was designed as a pilot study which aimed to investigate the effect of dental plaque removal and prefernece about D.I.Y dentifrices. Methods : 6 subjects were collected to test the effect of dental plaque removal with D.I.Y dentifrices with written consent. They didn't brushed the teeth during 12 hours until the check-up time on the next day. The O'leary index was calculated in baseline, 1 minute, 2 minute, 3 minute after brusing with D.I.Y dentifrices and market dentifrices. The preference about D.I.Y dentifrices through self-administered questionnaire was surveyed in 51 subjects after using D.I.Y dentifrices. Results : 1. The market dentifrices could remove larger amount of dental plaque than D.I.Y dentifrices, but, it wasn't significant. 2. In feeling refreshment, the market dentifrices had more positive answers significantly. 3. In feeling taste change, the market dentifries had more duration of taste change significantly. 4. In feeling oral dryness, the market dentifrices had more duration of oral dryness after toothbrushing. but, it wasn't significant. 5. As a result about reviewing the dental journals about ingredients of D.I.Y dentirices, green tea, sodium carbonate, bamboo salt, propolis had each evidence. But, We could not find out the evidences of calculus adhesion by corn starch, preservative by napri, disinfectant of peppermint. Conclusions : Although we cannot find the difference of the effect of dental plaque removal between D.I.Y dentifrices and market dentifrices, and D.I.Y dentifrices have the merits of decrease of oral dryness and taste change, it was suggested to have another test about stability and safety of D.I.Y dentifrices for safety of the user of D.I.Y dentifrices.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.185-196
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• 1988

The inflence of hydrophilic vehicles on percutaneous absorption rate of griseofulvin was studied using intact skin of full thickness of hairless rat. The in vitro absorption rates were used as the characteristics for deciding the optimum formula of ointment vehicles. The optimum formula of vehicle compositions for maximum absorption rate was obtained from the polynomial regression equation and the two graphical techniques, contour graph and partial derivative graph. It was composed of sodium lauryl sulfate (1.65 W /W%), white petrolatum (16.5 W /W%), propylene glycol (12.0 W /W%), and stearyl alcohol (19.6W /W%). The experimental value obtained from the optimum formula and the prediction value were 33.99 and 33.87 ${\mu}g/\sqrt{min}$, respectively. From these results, it was believed that optimum formula for semisolid dosage forms could be obtained from the application of the optimization technique used in this study.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.90-97
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• 2015

Water chestnut (Trapa japonica Flerov.) is an annual aquatic plant. In the present study, we showed that the treatment of water chestnut extracted with boiling water resulted in a significant increase 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical-scavenging activity and decrease the intracellular $H_2O_2$-induced accumulation of reactive oxygen species. In addition, water chestnut extract (WCE) inhibited lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced nitric oxide production and suppressed mRNA and protein expression of the inducible nitric oxide synthase gene. The cytokine array results showed that WCE inhibited inflammatory cytokine secretion. Also, WCE reduced tumor necrosis factor-${\alpha}$- and interleukin-6-induced nuclear factor-${\kappa}B$ activity. Furthermore, during sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS)-induced irritation of human skin, WCE reduced SLS-induced skin erythema and improved barrier regeneration. These results indicate that WCE may be a promising topical anti-inflammatory agent.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Applied Pharmacology
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• 1994.04a
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• pp.329-329
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• 1994

OMZ과 HP-$\beta$-CD 포접화합물의 유형은 $A_{L}$ type의 가용성 복합체이며, CD, UV, IR, DSC, XRD pattern 및 $^1$H-NMR 방법으로 측정한 포접화합물의 결함형태는 OMZ의 benzimidazole부분이 HP-$\beta$-CD 공동에 포접된 형태이었고, OMZ과 HP-$\beta$-CD의 결합조성몰비는 1:1, 안정도 상수는 약 34 M$^{-1}$이었다. 또한 cholestyramine 수지와 OMZ 복합체는 방출양상이 신속하였다. OMZ-cholestyramine 수지염은 안정성이 양호하고 용출율이 우수한복합체로 경구용 재제를 개발할 수 있었으며, 용출시험 및 산 저항성이 양호하고 pellet의 제조에 있어서 core의 제조는 정제수 : 에탄올(7: 3) 결합액을 이용하여 lactose를 주로 사용하고 기타 PEG 6000, sorbitol, Avicel PH101, sodium lauryl sulfate 및 무수 PVP K-30을 적절히 배합하여 제조하고, 장용코팅의 내산성은 90.5% 이었으며, 소장에서의 용출경향이 85%이상이 10분 이내에 용출되어 규정에 적합하였다.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.79-84
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• 1986

Methacrylic acid was graft polymerized with benzoyl peroxide in itiator onto the commercial PET film. Graft polymerization was carried out in emulsion, which consisted of BPO (1), chlorobenzene(8) as swelling agent, tween 80(1) and sodium lauryl sulfate(1) as emulsifier and water(1,000). Original PET film has poor reactivities and, so the film preswdled with benzyl alcohol($150^{\circ}C$, 1hr) was also examined. The graft yield of PET film was increased with reaction temperature and monomer concentration. The graft yield of preswelled PET film was higher than that of no-treated PET film. Moisture regain was linearly increased with graft yield. DSC thermodiagram showed the Tm of grafted PET film was same as that of original PET film. Grafted PET film was dyed with methylene blue solution. The photograph of the cross section showed that grafting was occured not at the center but near surfaces.

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.148-151
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• 1986

This paper was designed to investigate the influence of different suppository bases on both the rectal absorption and dissolution rate of lithium carbonate, and to compare bioavailability from rectal administration with that from oral administration. The dissolution rates were in such order as PEG 4000, surfactant A (Witepsol 15+sodium lauryl sulfate), surfactant B (Witepsol 15+cholic acid), Witepsol 15 and cacao butter. Among various suppository bases, the blood level of lithium carbonate after rectal administration was increased in the following order: surfactant A>surfactant B>PEG 4000>Witepsol 15>cacao butter. When it comes to compare oral with rectal administration in AUC values, surfactants and PEG 4000 showed similar blood levels to oral administration, but lipophilic bases such as Witepsol 15 and cacao butter showed far lower blood level than oral administration. Peak time in oral administration was 2 hrs, but those in rectal administration using various suppository bases were $6{\sim}8$ hrs.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.243-250
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• 2003

Poly(methyl methacrylate)/clay nanocomposite particles with particle size of 275${\sim}$292 nm range were successfully prepared using emulsion polymerization. The content of montmorillonite based on the methyl methacrylate monomer was chosen as 30 wt.%. 2,2-azobis(isobuthylamidine hydrochloride) and n-dodecyltrimethylammonium chloride were used as an initiator and a surfactant in cationic emulsion system. Potassium persulfate and sodium lauryl sulfate were used as an initiator and a surfactant in anionic emulsion system. The evidence of intercalated /exfoliated structure of montmorillonite in the nanocomposite prepared in our experiment was confirmed by wide angle x-ray diffraction patterns of $d_{001}$ plane. Thermal behavior of nanocomposite was traced using DSC and TGA. It was found that the nanocomposite particle prepared by cationic emulsion system showed intercalated structured. We also found that the nanocomposite particle obtained from anionic emulsion system resulted in the fully exfoliated structure.

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.95-101
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• 2002

Matrix tablets of nifedipine (NP) were prepared with Eudragit, diluent (lactose or Ca. phosphate) and Mg. stearate employing two different preparation methods (wet granulation and direct compression) to develop its sustained-release dosage forms. The effects of various formulation factors on the dissolution rate of the drug were investigated. Dissolution test was studied in pH 6.8 phosphate buffer containing 1% sodium lauryl sulfate using the paddle method. Formulation factors were the type and content of Eudragit, the type of diluent and the tablet preparation method. The optimum formula of NP matrix tablet, which resulted in a similar dissolution profile to that from Adalat Oros used as a reference, was 30 mg NP, 10% Eudragit RS, 2% Mg. stearate and an adequate quantity of lactose to yield 500 mg weight using the wet granulation method.