• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
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• v.38 no.1
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• pp.1-9
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• 2014

As the ratio of women's socioeconomic participation expanded, this phenomenon appeared maritime industry. The advent of female seafarers will be the solution for the shortage of seafarer as well as for women's employment instability all over the world. This paper analyzed the state of present female maritime officers and suggested the activation strategy which preliminary female officers advised by AHP and STOW analysis. This paper finds to strengthen their superior aspects like professional knowledge, practical ability, job performance, improve the education system by gender, strengthen the career path and transform the policy for them by sensitively external changes by government and education institutions.

• Child Studies in Asia-Pacific Contexts
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.39-49
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• 2015

Not all parents are skilled in scaffolding their young children's numeracy learning. The present study investigated the effectiveness of a parent training program in promoting Filipino young children's number sense via card game playing at home. Participants were 161 young children and their parents; families were of a relatively low socioeconomic status. During the 10-week intervention period, parents in the experimental group received training on how to use number game cards to help their children acquire various numeracy concepts; parents in the control group received no special instructions. Children in the experimental group showed greater improvements in their performance on six number sense tasks (namely numeral identification, object counting, rote counting, missing number, numerical magnitude comparison, and addition) over the intervention period than did children in the control group. Findings of the present study suggest that providing simple training to parents on strategies for fostering their young children's number sense at home is important for giving children a good early start in basic number knowledge.

• Journal of Families and Better Life
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.171-186
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• 1999

The purpose of this study is to understand the perception of housework self-responsibility and attitude to paid labor substitution of wife and husband examining empirically characteristics of couple's type classified by a complex of perception and attitude. The data of this study were collected from 83 dual-earner couples and 76 one-earner couples having more than one child younger than 18 and living in Seoul. The major findings are as follow: First Wives perceived housework self-responsibility much higher than husbands regardless of wives' employment status particularly in female-oriented housework such as food- clothing-related and managerial housework. Second Couples expressed considerable reluctancy about paid labor substitution and one-earner couples showede more reluctancy. Third Four couple types were categorized by a complex perception and attitude. The are 'PLS-oriented & Wife responsibility couple' 'PLS-reluctancy & Wife responsibility couple' ' PLS-dependency couple 'Dual responsibility couple' Fourth the characteristics of each type showed difference according to socioeconomic status sex role attitude housework performance.

• Electronics and Telecommunications Trends
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• v.39 no.3
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• pp.48-57
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• 2024

Cyberthreats and crimes have become common in society and demand the adoption of robust security measures. Financial cybercrimes, personal information breaches, and spam messages are now prevalent, while companies and nations face an increasing number of cyberthreats and attacks such as distributed denial of service, ransomware, and malware. As the overall socioeconomic landscape undergoes digitalization powered by big data, cloud computing, and artificial intelligence technologies, the importance of cybersecurity is expected to steadily increase. Developed nations are actively implementing various policies to strengthen cybersecurity and providing government support for research and development activities to bolster their domestic cybersecurity industries. In particular, the South Korean government has designated cybersecurity as one of the 12 nationwide strategic technology sectors. We examine the current landscape of cybersecurity companies and the information and communication technology supply chain, providing insights into the domestic cybersecurity market and suggesting implications for South Korea.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.56 no.7
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• pp.2676-2682
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• 2024

Despite its remarkable socioeconomic development, South Korea underperforms in terms of female labor force participation and women in leadership positions. As women appear to avoid nuclear engineering, we aim to evaluate its relative performance in attracting women to its labor force compared to other college majors. Using college-major level information from 2000, we test whether the female faculty share in nuclear engineering is lower than its counterparts. Although nuclear engineering has one of the lowest female faculty shares, its share exceeds that of agricultural science, business and economics, chemical engineering, chemistry, civil engineering, and industrial engineering once we properly control for gender composition among students and other compounding factors. In other words, once female students major in nuclear engineering, they are less likely to leave their fields compared to their counterparts in other disciplines. This result implies that if the nuclear engineering field aims to attract more women to its workforce, it is important to target them from the early stage of their careers.

• Electronics and Telecommunications Trends
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• v.39 no.5
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• pp.108-122
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• 2024

Artificial Intelligence (AI) has rapidly evolved over the past decade and has advanced in areas such as language comprehension, image and video recognition, programming, and scientific reasoning. Recent AI technologies based on large language models and foundation models are approaching or surpassing artificial general intelligence. These systems demonstrate superior performance in complex problem-solving, natural language processing, and multidomain tasks, and can potentially transform fields such as science, industry, healthcare, and education. However, these advancements have raised concerns regarding the safety and trustworthiness of advanced AI, including risks related to uncontrollability, ethical conflicts, long-term socioeconomic impacts, and safety assurance. Efforts are being expended to develop internationally agreed-upon standards to ensure the safety and reliability of AI. This study analyzes international trends in safety and trustworthiness standardization for advanced AI, identifies key areas for standardization, proposes future directions and strategies, and draws policy implications. The goal is to support the safe and trustworthy development of advanced AI and enhance international competitiveness through effective standardization.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.47 no.4
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• pp.769-782
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• 2020

Interest in fruit and vegetables has increased due to changes in consumer consumption patterns, socioeconomic status, and family structure. This study determined the factors influencing the demand for fruit and vegetables (strawberries, paprika, tomatoes and cherry tomatoes) using a panel of Rural Development Administration household-level purchases from 2010 to 2018 and compared the ability to the prediction performance. An artificial neural network model was constructed, linking household characteristics with final food expenditure. Comparing the analysis results of the artificial neural network with the results of the panel model showed that the artificial neural network accurately predicted the pattern of the consumer panel data rather than the fixed effect model. In addition, the prediction for strawberries was found to be heavily affected by the number of families, retail places and income, while the prediction for paprika was largely affected by income, age and retail conditions. In the case of the prediction for tomatoes, they were greatly affected by age, income and place of purchase, and the prediction for cherry tomatoes was found to be affected by age, number of families and retail conditions. Therefore, a more accurate analysis of the consumer consumption pattern was possible through the artificial neural network model, which could be used as basic data for decision making.

• Journal of Agricultural Extension & Community Development
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.111-120
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• 2018

This study aims to identify the factors influencing the perofrmance of agricultural projects for small farmers in Malawi. This cross-sectional study was conducted to discover the factors behind the slow performance of agricultural projects in alleviating poverty. The research was conducted in the Karonga and Phalombe Districts in the northern and southern parts of Malawi, respectively. The data were collected through a structured questionnaire survey administered to 82 agriculture extension workers, and a multiple regression analysis was conducted. The results indicated that farmers' socioeconomic factors, including high illiteracy and poverty rates, poor participation regarding project implementation, and high dependency syndrome, significantly affected the performance of agricultural projects. Within the projects them selves, this study discovered that there was no consistent flow of funds. This greatly affected the schedule of project activities, thereby compromising performance. The study recommends that the government and all relevant stakeholders work jointly to alleviate poverty. It is especially important to ensure that smallholder farmers are equipped with self-help capabilities. In addition, it is critical to examine the issues of funding disbursement.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.24-30
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• 1978

This study was designed to analyse effects of Family Health Workers' activities on the performance of a child immunization program as part of the evaluative research in the community health demonstration project in Kang Wha. Frequent shortcomings of evaluative research are problems in setting evaluative indices, difficulties in interpreting influences of socioeconomic changes due to lack of control and failure of demonstrating association between activity input and program performance. Specific objectives of this study was to improve the frequent shortcoming of evaluative research by isolating the effects of Family Health Workers' activities on the performance of the program through controlling other variables which also influenced the program performance. The target population consisted of 1240 children who were born between Jan. 1971 and Dec. 1975 in Sunwon Myun, and Naega Myun in Kwang Wha Gun, Kyonggi Province. The data were collected in part through 20 Family Health Workers who interviewed the mothers of these children in their villages during Nov. 1977. Part of the data were obtained by summarizing Family Health Workers daily activity records. All data were grouped for each birth cohort according to the 20 villages. Dependent variable of the model is the measle immuinization rate of each village and the independent variables are characteristics of baby, mother, household, travel time to the health subcenter, to Kang Wha Town, and the mean member of visits to the household by Family Health Workers as well as their other related activities and the year of birth of children according to village. The model was analysed by stepwise multiple regression technique. The summarized results show that overall $R^2$ were 39.3% and mean number of Family Health Worker household visits, mean age of mother and mean economic status were significant variables in explaining the immunization rate. Therefore Family Health Workers' activities are one of the significant variables in influencing the increased immunization rate of children in villages of the project area.

• Journal of the Korean Regional Science Association
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.3-19
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• 2018

The objective of this study is to observe the efficiency of clinical performance on the supply and demand of medical resources in Korea. For the empirical analysis, we constructed the dataset on age standardized mortality rate, the number of physician, specialist, surgery, medical institution, ratio of general hospitals of 16 provinces in Korea from 2006 to 2013. The panel probability frontier model is employed as an analysis method and considered heteroscedasticity and autocorrelation of the error in panel data. In addition, the demographic and socioeconomic characteristics of the 16 provinces, unemployment rate, elderly population ratio, GRDP per capita, and ratio of hospitals in comparison to the general hospitals are used to find the effect on the technical efficiency of clinical performance on supply and demand of medical resources. The results are as follows. First, for the clinical performance, the supply side of human resources such as doctors and specialists and the demand side factors such as chronic illness clinic per unit population have a significant influence, respectively. Second, the technical efficiency of clinical performance on the supply and demand of medical resources of each input component was 59-70% in terms of clinical efficiency in each region. Third. estimates of technical efficiency of inputs that affect clinical performance showed a slight increase in all regions during the analysis period, but the increase trend decreased slightly. Fourth, the ratio of the elderly population and GRDP per capita have a positive influence on the technical efficiency of clinical performance on the supply and demand of medical resources. The difference of each efficiency by region is due to the regional differences of the input medical resources and the combination of them and the demographic and socioeconomic characteristics of the region. It is understood that the differences in technological efficiency due to the complexity of supply and demand of medical resources, demographic structure and economic difference affecting clinical performance by region are different.