• 한국치위생학회지
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• 제22권5호
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• pp.417-424
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• 2022

Objectives: This study aimed to find a way to solve oral health inequality in old age by understanding the effect of the socioeconomic level of the elderly on oral health. Methods: We used data from the 7th Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. A chi-square test was performed to investigate differences in oral health according to socioeconomic status and demographic and oral health-related factors. Socioeconomic status and oral health inequality were analyzed using multiple logistic regression. Results: The average number of teeth in the elderly was 17.20, which is insufficient for the minimum number of teeth required for mastication. In the analysis of the correlation between socioeconomic status and oral health inequality, education level, income level, and home ownership were factors influencing the oral health of the elderly; education level was found to have the strongest effect. Conclusions: Oral health inequality according to socioeconomic status was confirmed, and it is necessary to measure the level of oral health inequality with active efforts at the government level to resolve the gap in oral health by social class.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제46권1호
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• pp.50-60
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• 2013

Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate whether the birth rate is associated with socioeconomic status in the women of the Republic of Korea, where the birth rate is rapidly decreasing. Methods: This study included 732 females from the Healthy Twin Study, a family-twin cohort. The participants were classified into 3 socioeconomic groups according to their average income, education, and occupation. The association between socioeconomic status and number of children was assessed using gamma regression analysis with a generalized linear mixed model, adjusting for the age group, smoking/alcohol status, and family relationships. Results: The group with the highest education level had significantly fewer children compared with the group with the lowest education level (p=0.004). However, no significant associations were found according to household income level. The non-manual labor group had significantly fewer children compared with those working as homemakers (p=0.008). Conclusions: This study aimed to explain the causal relationship between socioeconomic status and number of children. Associations between some socioeconomic status and number of children were found in Korea.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제43권4호
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• pp.330-340
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• 2010

Objectives: This study aims to evaluate and explain the socioeconomic inequalities of all-cause mortality after breast cancer surgery in South Korea. Methods: This population based study included all 8868 females who underwent radical mastectomy for breast cancer between January 2002 and June 2003. Follow-up for mortality continued from January 2002 to June 2006. The patients were divided into 4 socioeconomic classes according to their socioeconomic status as defined by the National Health Insurance contribution rate. The relationship between socioeconomic status and all-cause mortality after breast cancer surgery was assessed using the Cox proportional hazards model with adjusting for age, the Charlson’s index score, emergency hospitalization, the type of hospital and the hospital ownership. Results: Those in the lowest socioeconomic status group had a significantly higher hazard ratio of 2.09 (95% CI =1.50 - 2.91) compared with those in the highest socioeconomic group after controlling for all the identifiable confounding variables. For allcause mortality after radical mastectomy, all the other income groups showed significantly higher 3-year mortality rates than did the highest income group. Conclusions: The socioeconomic status of breast cancer patients should be considered as an independent prognostic factor that affects all-cause mortality after radical mastectomy, and this is possibly due to a delayed diagnosis, limited access or minimal treatment leading to higher mortality. This study may provide tangible support to intensify surveillance and treatment for breast cancer among low socioeconomic class women.

• 한국학교보건학회지
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• 제30권1호
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• pp.81-91
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• 2017

Purpose: This cross-sectional study was carried out to identify factors influencing the health-related quality of life according to socioeconomic level during early adolescence. Methods: Participants were 617 middle school students in $1^{st}$ and $2^{nd}$ grade. All measures were self-administered. Data were analyzed using SPSS 21.0 program and factors affecting the health-related quality of life were analyzed by t-test, ANOVA, Duncan test, Pearson's correlation coefficient, and multiple regression analysis. Results: According to the level of Family Affluence Scale (FAS), 19.1% of the participants were in the high class, 66.5% in the middle class, and 14.4% in the low class. We have found statistically significant differences among the high, middle, and low classes regarding the health-related quality of life, health perception, resourcefulness, family function, and social capital. The most influential factors of the health-related quality of life were found to be resourcefulness, family function, and social capital in the high and the middle class. Conclusion: The implication of this study is that it is important for the Education Ministry and middle school teachers to help adolescents develop internal coping resources as well as to develop school-curriculums considering social values and norms related to social capital in order to improving their health-related quality of life.

• Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.17-22
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• 2000

목 적: 우리 나라 청소년기 소아의 H. pylori 감염 유병율을 조사하고, 사회경제적 요인이 청소년의 H. pylori 감염에 어떠한 영향을 미치는지 알아보고자 하였다. 대상 및 방법: 1996년 10월 부천시에 살고 있는 10~15세의 532명(남아 285명, 여아 247명)의 소아를 대상으로 채혈을 시행하여 혈청학적인 방법(serum IgG antibody)으로 H. pylori 감염을 진단하였다. 설문지를 통하여 성별, 연령, Hollingshead index에 따라 분류한 사회경제적 수준, 주거형태(전세 또는 자가), 혼잡지수(crowding index)를 조사하였는데, 532명 중 375명(70.5%, 남:여=205:170)의 설문이 회수되었다. Hollingshead index는 부모의 교육정도와 직업을 고려하여 구분하였고 crowding index는 식구수/방수로 구하였다. 각각 단변수 회귀분석 후 의미있는 결과를 모아 다중회귀분석을 시행하였다. 결 과: H. pylori 유병률은 남아에서 17.1% (32/205), 여아에서 16.5% (28/170)로 통계적으로 유의한 차이는 없었다(P=0.88). 10~11세, 12~13세, 14~15세의 세 연령군으로 나누어 비교한 결과, 연령이 증가할수록 H. pylori 유병률은 각각 10.3% (7/68), 15.9% (25/157), 20.7% (31/150)로 유의한 증가를 보였다(P=0.05). 사회경제적 수준을 Hollingshead index로 구하여 세 군으로 나누어 비교한 결과, 사회경제적 수준이 높을수록 H. pylori 양성은 각각 20.0% (23/115), 16.0% (39/244), 6.3% (1/16)로 감소하는 역비례 관계를 보였으나 통계적으로 유의한 차이는 아니었다(P=0.16). 전세와 자가를 비교했을 때 H. pylori 양성은 각각 15.7% (22/140), 17.5% (41/235)로 유의한 차이가 없었다(P=0.66). 혼잡지수(crowding index: 식구수/방수)가 1.5 미만일 때 H. pylori 양성은 16.0% (26/163), 1.5 이상일 때 17.5% (37/212)로 유의한 차이가 없었다(P=0.70). 다중회귀분석 결과 H. pylori 감염에 대해 연령은 odds ratio 2.2 (95% confidence interval 0.9~5.4), Hollingshead index에 의한 사회경제적 수준은 odds ratio 3.6 (95% confidence interval 0.5~28.9)이었다. 결 론: 부천시 청소년기 소아의 H. pylori 감염유병률은 16.8%이며, 부모의 교육정도와 직업에 따른 사회경제적 수준이 가족내 혼잡도, 주거형태보다 감염에 더욱 영향을 미치는 것으로 보인다.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제43권1호
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• pp.50-61
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• 2010

Objectives: The study is investigated socioeconomic variations in self-rated health status and contribution of health behavioral factors in Korea. Methods: A nationally representative sample (2,800 men and 3,230 women aged 20-64 years) from the 2005 Korea National Health and Nutrition Surveys was analyzed using logistic regression. Results: Self-rated health was lower among lower socioeconomic groups compared with higher socioeconomic groups, with gender being irrelevant. This association was attenuated when health behavioral and socio-demographic factors were adjusted. When each health behavioral factor was considered separately, mediators such as smoking in men, and stress or exercise in women explained a large part of the decreased socioeconomic health inequalities. Conclusions: In Korea, subjective health inequalities arise from different socioeconomic status, but this difference is decreased by health behavioral factors. Therefore, socioeconomic inequity in self-rated health status can be corrected more effectively by promotional health behaviors.

• 한국기후변화학회지
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• 제9권3호
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• pp.223-234
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• 2018

Estimation of future land cover based on climate change scenarios is an important factor in climate change impact assessment and adaptation policy. This study estimated future land cover considering Shared Socioeconomic Pathways (SSP) using Scenario Generators. Based on the storylines of SSP1-3, future population and estimated urban area were adopted for the transition matrix, which contains land cover change trends of each land cover class. In addition, limits of land cover change and proximity were applied as spatial data. According to the estimated land cover maps from SSP1-3 in 2030, 2050, and 2100, respectively, urban areas near a road were expanded, but agricultural areas and forests were gradually decreased. More drastic urban expansion was seen in SSP3 compared to SSP1 and SSP2. These trends are similar with previous research with regard to storyline, but the spatial results were different. Future land cover can be easily adjusted based on this approach, if econometric forecasts for each land cover class added. However, this requires determination of econometric forecasts for each land cover class.

• 한국의류학회지
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• 제11권3호
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• pp.111-119
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• 1987

The main purposes of the study were to categorize the clothing items into product groups according to their product characteristics, and to find out the differences of consumer perception on clothing Product groups among different age and socioeconomic groups. A questionnaire about characteristics It?as constructed on the basis of Lipton, Darling, and Miracle's theories on product categorisations. The questionnaires were administered to female subjects in two age groups (20's and 40's) living in Seoul. Subjects were classified into 3 socioeconomic groups for the analysis. The Analysis of variance, post-hoc comparisons (Scheffe test and Tuckey test) were employed for the statistical inferences. The results were as follows ; Group I : none Group II : socks, undershirts, T-shirts (20's age group) Group III : blouse, sweater, blue jean, pajama, langerie, T-shirts (40's age group), skirt Group IV : jacket, skirt (high class of 40's age group) two-piece, half coat, long coat, Korean folk costume Group V : none Some of the clothing items were categorized into different product groups by different age and socioeconomic groups.

• 지역사회간호학회지
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• 제12권3호
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• pp.609-619
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• 2001

This cross-sectional study is to measure the distribution of self-reported health by income, house type, level of education, income satisfaction and self reported social class in an effort to compare the level of health inequality in Korea. The data used in the research are the Social Statistics Survey undertaken in 1999. The correlation coefficient was used to measure the association between inequalities in health and inequalities in socioeconomic status. The correlation coefficient was the most significant between self-reported health and the level of education and income satisfaction. As for the health-related behavior, hypertension, smoking, overweight and drinking were shown to be highly correlated with self-reported health.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제38권4호
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• pp.391-400
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• 2005

Objective : This study examined the socioeconomic differentials for the health and health related behaviors among South Korean middle school students. Methods : A nationwide cross-sectional interview survey of 3,449 middle school second-grade students and their parents was conducted using a stratified multi-stage cluster sampling method. The response rate was 93.3%. The socioeconomic position indicators were based on self-reported information from the students and their parents: parental education, father's occupational class, monthly family income, out-of-pocket expenditure for education, housing ownership, educational expectations, educational performance and the perceived economic hardships. The outcome variables that were measured were also based on the self-reported information from the students. The health measures included self-rated health conditions, psychological or mental problems, the feelings of loneliness at school, the overall satisfaction of life and the perceived level of stress. The health related behaviors included were smoking, alcohol drinking, sexual intercourse, violence, bullying and verbal and physical abuse by parents. Results : Socioeconomic differences for the health and health related behaviors were found among the eighth grade boys and girls of South Korea. However, the pattern varied with gender, the socioeconomic position indicators and the outcome measures. The prevalence rates of the overall dissatisfaction with life for both genders differed according to most of the eight socioeconomic position indicators. All the health measures were significantly different according to the perceived economic hardship. However, the socioeconomic differences in the self-rated health conditions and the psychosocial or mental problems were not clear. The students having higher socioeconomic position tended to be a perpetrator of bullying while those students with lower socioeconomic position were more likely to be a victim. Conclusions : The perceived economic hardships predicted the health status among the eighth graders of South Korea. The overall satisfaction of life was associated with the socioeconomic position indicators. Further research efforts are needed to explore the mechanisms on how and why the socioeconomic position affects the health and health related behaviors in this age group.