• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• 제37권1호
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• pp.51-58
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• 2024

Background: The rise in national health care costs has emerged as a global problem given the ever-aging population and rapid development of medical technology. The utilization of interventional pain management has, similarly, shown a continued rise worldwide. This study evaluates the differences in the medical costs in the field of interventional pain treatment (IPT) between two countries: Korea and Japan. Methods: Korean medical insurance costs for 2019 related to pain management focused on IPT were compared to those of Japan. Purchasing power parity (PPP) was used to adjust the exchange rate differences and to compare prices in consideration of the respective societies' economic power. Results: The cost of trigger point injections in Japan was 1.06 times higher than that of Korea, whereas the perineural and intraarticular injection prices were lower in Japan. The cost of epidural blocks was higher in Japan compared to Korea in both cervical/thoracic and lumbar regions. As for blocks of peripheral branches of spinal nerves, the cost of scapular nerve blocks in Japan was lower than that in Korea, given a PPP ratio 0.09. For nerve blocks in which fluoroscopy guidance is mandatory, the costs of epidurography in Japan were greater than those in Korea, given a PPP ratio 1.04. Conclusions: This is the first comparative study focusing on the medical costs related to IPT between Korea and Japan, which reveals that the costs differed along various categories. Further comparisons reflecting more diverse countries and socio-economic aspects will be required.

• 한국사회복지학
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• 제60권4호
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• pp.31-53
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• 2008

본 연구는 한국복지패널에서 제공하는 1차년도조사데이터(2006)를 사용하여 농촌노인가구에 대하여 최저생계비를 기초로 한 절대적 빈곤율, 상대적 빈곤율, 주관적 빈곤율과 빈곤감의 지표로 주관적 경제수준 및 생활만족수준을 농촌비노인가구, 도시노인가구, 전체가구와 비교함으로써 농촌노인가구의 빈곤특성을 파악하고 있다. 연구결과는, 첫째, 농촌노인가구의 인구사회학적 특성에 따른 빈곤율에서는 남성보다는 여성이, 연령이 많을수록, 국민기초생활보장 수급가구일수록, 노인단독세대일수록 더 높은 빈곤율을 보이고 있다. 둘째, 절대적 빈곤율과 상대적 빈곤율에서는 농촌노인가구가 다른 집단에 비해 높은 빈곤율을 나타내고 있는 반면, 주관적 빈곤율에서는 도시노인가구와 전체가구가 더 높은 빈곤율을 보이고 있다. 셋째, 주관적 경제수준 및 생활만족수준에서는 도시노인가구가 농촌노인가구에 비하여 더 높은 빈곤감을 나타내고 있다. 따라서 실질적인 빈곤수준은 농촌노인가구가 다른 집단에 비해 현저히 높은 반면, 주관적인 빈곤감은 다소 낮은 빈곤특성을 보여주고 있다.

• 한국재난관리표준학회지
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.57-64
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• 2011

최근 우리나라에서 발생한 홍수와 가뭄 등 물 관련 재해가 분명히 과거와는 다른 패턴을 보이는 원인이 인간의 경제활동과정에서 발생하는 엄청난 양의 이산화탄소 때문인지 아니면 태양의 흑점수의 증가 때문인지는 불확실하지만 최근 수자원 관리에 직접적인 영향을 주는 기상이변들의 발생이 증가한 것은 분명한 사실이다. 빈번히 발생하는 기상이변에 의해 각종 재해의 발생빈도가 높아지고 있는 실정이며, 상당한 원인은 기후변화로 보여진다. 이렇듯 기후변화는 반드시 사회적인 비용을 초래하게 된다. 특히 홍수와 가뭄으로 나타나는 수자원분야의 영향이 많은 부분을 차지하고 있다. 따라서 본 연구는 이러한 기후변화에 의해 발생하는 수자원분야 경제적 파급효과 분석을 통한 cost damage를 도출하고 이를 바탕으로 적절한 적응사업 추진을 위한 새로운 경제성 분석기법 정립을 위한 기초연구이다. 기 연구에서 사용된 기후변화 피해 및 감축비용 분석을 위한 모형은 PAGE, DICE, AIM, IMAGE, MERGE 등 다양했으며, 본 연구에서는 각 모델들의 개략적 특성에 대해 정리하였다. 또한 본 연구에서는 우선 비용적 측면에서 접근이 가능할 수 있도록 기후변화의 물분야에 대한 정의가 이루어졌다. 본 연구결과를 통해 기후변화의 사회경제적 영향평가 연구에서 고려할 수 있는 다양한 평가모델들의 선택에 도움을 줄 것이며 이는 최종적으로 기후변화관련 사업의 시공간적 국가 예산투자 우선순위선정에 활용될 수 있을 것이다.

• 한국식품위생안전성학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국식품위생안전성학회 1992년도 학술강연회
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• pp.1-5
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• 1992

There is increasing awareness of the devastating socio-economic cost of cardiovascular disease. As a result there have been a lot of extensive researches both on basic mechanisms involved and on the areas of epidemiology and clinical trials. Now, it is being generally accepted that dietary n-3 fatty acids abundant in marine products, may reduce the incidence of cardiovascular disease. Fish oil, with its complement of n-3 fatty acids, has been shown to have diverse and sometimes potent actions on cells of the blood and vasculature, which may explain some of its positive effects on vascular disease. However, the appropriate intake of n-3 fatty acids has not been established. This may vary with desired effects, the duration of ingestion, the type of seafood or fish oil and amount of other fatty acids, especially nf fatty acid being consumed in the diet, Although the beneficial effects have been extensively studied, little is known about potential adverse effects with excessive intake of n-3 fatty acids. Thus, it is needed to study on the possible unfavorable effects including genetic effects.

• 한국식품위생안전성학회지
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.101-105
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• 1992

There is increasing awareness of the devastating socio-economic cost of cardiovascular disease. As a result there have been a lot of extensive researches both on basic mechanisms involved and on the areas of epidemiology and clinical trials. Now it is being generally accepted that dietary n-3 fatty acids abundant in marine products, may reduce the incidence of cadiovascular disease. Fish oil . with its complement of n-3 fatty acids, has been shown the have diverse and sometimes potent actions on cells of the blood and vasculature, which may explain some of its positive effects on vascular disease. However, the appropriate intake of n-3 fatty acids has not been established. This may vary with desired effects, the duration of ingestion, the type of seafood or fish oil and amount of other fatty acids, especially n-6 fatty acid being consumed in the diet. Although the beneficial effects have been extensively studied, little is known about potential adverse effects with excessive intake of n-3 fatty acids. Thus, it is needed to study on the possible unfavorable effects including genetic effects.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• 제40권
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• pp.43.1-43.5
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• 2018

Background: Functional closure of the orbicularis oris muscle and esthetic reconstruction of nasolabial components are impossible in patients with severely deformed premaxilla. Here, we review a surgical strategy for patients with unremedied premaxilla retrospectively. Results: Vomerine ostectomy and premaxillary setback with nasolabial repair were performed in 12 patients with bilateral cleft lip and palate. The mean age of patients was 21.7 months. The extent of ostectomy varied between 3 and 11 mm. There were no serious complications from defective perfusion to the premaxilla or the philtral flap. The follow-up period ranged from 2 to 25 months. Proper positioning of the premaxilla and satisfactory nasolabial esthetics were achieved in all patients. Conclusions: We performed nasolabial repair after premaxillary setback without jeopardizing the premaxillary segment or the philtral flap. Our surgical strategy could be recommended in poor socio-economic circumstances due to the cost effectiveness of limiting the number of surgeries.

• 한국주거학회논문집
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.13-34
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• 1991

The main purpose of this study is to examine housing norm of the middle classes, housing norm and normative housing deficits by independent variables(socio - economic variables, family characteristic variable sand housing characteristic variables).There are two major findings of this study as follows :1. In the housing norm, housing space is 99.Om2, the number of rooms is 3.0, housing structure type is apartment, the maintenance cost is 13 thousand won, and housing tenure is home ownership. And housing qualify is classified into 5 dimensions, and neighborhood environment is classified into 3 dimensions.2. This thesis is to conform Morris et aL.(1984)`s hypotheses that cultural norm is homogeneous in culturally unified society and if it appears heterogeneously, It is the subject`s reporting error of the subjects confusing cultural norm with family norm.

• 가족자원경영과 정책
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.29-44
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• 2001

The purpose of this study was to analyze the relationship between urban housewive's the pattern leisure activities and leisure satisfaction by the level of informationization, leisure resoureces. A total of 287 questionnaires were used as for the final data analysis. The results could be summarized as follows: First, there were significant difference in the pattern of leisure activities according to socio- demographic and economic variables(age, eduactional attaintment, the age of lastbone child). Second, The leisure resource variables influence them. The higher leisure needs, leisure time, leisure cost is the higher degree participated in the pattern of leisure activities. Third, the higher the level of informationalization, the higher time-oriented pattern. And leisure time, leisure needs, natural-oriented pattern had an effect on leisure satisfaction.

• 한국해양바이오학회지
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.48-53
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• 2008

Tanzania is a coastal state on the western Indian Ocean in Africa. In an artisanal or small scale fishery, the combination of large numbers of fishers and landing places, mixed gears and migrant fishers makes fisheries management an often complex task. Lack of capital, low level of technology, poverty and high cost of transport are major socio-economic problems in Tanzanian fisheries. The combined approach of community-based management and provision of education and training for extension workers and fishers themselves are required. It is also necessary to build the capacity of fisheries institutions to meet the human resources development challenge.

• KIEAE Journal
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.109-116
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• 2010

The city means not only a geographical area as a role of the spatial boundary, but also a socio-economic place to communicate with each area. It requires various functions to get the income and economic-activities. But city has a limitation of a available land to provide the required functions and a sufficient space to supply the urban activity. Therefore, the development trend of city has not been to spread to the horizontal area any more and considered the vertical area. In addition, various functions put into a massive building because many people want to solve the daily requirements without spending time and cost in outer area. In this paper, it aimed at classifying the mixed-use building into function, circulation, relation according to the public and private space and the building shape to provide the design information such as land area, functional complex, accessibility, etc.. The classification of the mixed-use buildings is divided into four areas. The data are collected with foreign countries in Japan, Europe and US. Results of the study are as follows; First, the commercial function is mainly centered with other functions. Second, after studied the development scale, accessibility, building form, the commercial and residential area overwhelmly share at the total area.