• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.941-944
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• 2012

Objective: The aim of current study was to evaluate the changes of health-related quality of life (HRQoL) and its clinical, demographic and socioeconomic determinants during chemotherapy and 4 months follow-up in women with breast cancer using a repeated measures framework. Methods and Materials: A double blind cohort study was performed in 100 breast cancer patients given fluorouracil, doxorubicin and cyclophosphamide (FAC) or docetaxel, doxorubicin, cyclophosphamide (TAC) in south of Iran. HRQoL was assessed at baseline, end of chemotherapy and four months thereafter using the QLQ-C30 questionnaire from European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC). Generalized estimating equations (GEE) was applied for statistical analysis. Results: The mean of age at baseline was $48.5{\pm}10.6$. 70% and 14% of patients were married and smokers, respectively, and 20% suffered from another disease besides breast cancer. The results of GEE showed that after control for baseline scores, the HRQoL significantly improved over time. Although, the patients in FAC group had higher scores than the TAC group, the differences also diminished over time. Smoking, marital status and having child affected some scales of HRQoL. None of other variables were significantly related to HRQoL. Conclusion: Although patients in TAC groups had lower level of HRQoL over 8 months follow up, they experienced faster improvement than the FAC group. This implies that in long-term, improvements in TAC group are higher than FAC. Having children was positively correlated with HRQoL. Generally, there were no demographic and socio-economic differences in HRQoL in these patients between the chemotherapeutic regimens.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.663-669
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• 2014

Background: With recent progress in health science administration, a huge amount of data has been collected from thousands of subjects. Statistical and computational techniques are very necessary to understand such data and to make valid scientific conclusions. The purpose of this paper was to develop a statistical probability model and to predict future survival times for male breast cancer patients who were diagnosed in the USA during 1973-2009. Materials and Methods: A random sample of 500 male patients was selected from the Surveillance Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) database. The survival times for the male patients were used to derive the statistical probability model. To measure the goodness of fit tests, the model building criterions: Akaike Information Criteria (AIC), Bayesian Information Criteria (BIC), and Deviance Information Criteria (DIC) were employed. A novel Bayesian method was used to derive the posterior density function for the parameters and the predictive inference for future survival times from the exponentiated Weibull model, assuming that the observed breast cancer survival data follow such type of model. The Markov chain Monte Carlo method was used to determine the inference for the parameters. Results: The summary results of certain demographic and socio-economic variables are reported. It was found that the exponentiated Weibull model fits the male survival data. Statistical inferences of the posterior parameters are presented. Mean predictive survival times, 95% predictive intervals, predictive skewness and kurtosis were obtained. Conclusions: The findings will hopefully be useful in treatment planning, healthcare resource allocation, and may motivate future research on breast cancer related survival issues.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.42 no.4
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• pp.496-507
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• 2012

Purpose: This study was based on social-role theory, and purposes were to investigate (1) how depression and health determinants vary with married and employed women, and (2) what factors contribute to depression according to family cycle. Methods: A stratified convenience sample of 765 married and employed women was recruited during May to August 2010. Study variables of depression, socio-demographic threatening factors, psycho-stimulating factors, and social-role related factors were measured via a structured questionnaire. Results: Prevalence rate for depression was 18.6%, with highest rate (25.4%) from elementary laborers. Greater levels of depression were related to women's occupation, higher life stress, and poorer health; lower social support and vulnerable personality; higher levels of social-role related stress. From multivariate analysis, women with preadolescents were the most vulnerable to depression affected by occupation, life stress, personality, and parenting stress. These factors (except for occupational class) combined with economic status, social support, and housework unfairness were significant for depression in women with adolescents. Conclusion: Depression among married and employed women differs by psycho-stimulating and social role relevant factors in addition to occupational class and family life cycle. Female elementary laborers and women with children need to have the highest prioritization for community mental health programs.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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• v.1 no.2
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• pp.142-156
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• 1986

The purpose of the present study was to investigate the value evaluation of food in urban Korean adolescents. The conclusions drawn from the analysis of values of foods are as follows: 1. There are five factors drawn from the analysis of values of foods, that is, subjective evaluational factor. Objective factors are social factor, economic factor, quality attribute factor, and freguency of food intake factor. And it has been revealed that there is some relationship between these factors. The subjective evaluational variable depends most strongly on the sensory variable, especially taste, flavor, color and shape of food, described in the order of influence. It also depends on the experiential frequency of intake. 2. With regard to the attitude of evaluation of food, there is a considerable difference between junior high school students and high school students, and between male and female students, This difference can be noticed in almost all the variables dealt with in this study, especially in the subjective evaluational aspect, experiential aspect, and social aspect, A significant difference was found between junior high school students and high school students and between male and female students on both subjective and objective values of foods. Male students valued food which brought about a 'Satiety' more so than female. And consequently, they take such kinds of foods more frequently. More female students than male students and more junior high school students than high school students have a strong conception of the socio-cultural value of foods, that is, the spatial and temporal symbol of foods.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.380-384
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• 2010

The present paper attempts to investigate the factors which may affect the attitude toward Oriental Medicine among the university students in Korea and China. The research on determining factors that may influence the attitude toward the Oriental Medicine can provide the answers for the question how the traditional things can acquire their present position and make a development in modern society. The East Asian countries such as Korea and China have promoted the western-style changes and development, thinking that modernization means the westernization. Given this, the research on the attitude toward Oriental Medicine can be a good case study that shows how tradition sustains its place and develops. The present study makes two hypotheses in order to analyze the factors which make the influence on the attitude toward the Oriental Medicine: Hypothesis there will be no significant difference between the socio-demographic variables and attitude toward Oriental Medicine. Hypothesis there will be significant differences between traditionalism, modernity, nationalism, and attitude toward Oriental Medicine. The statistical results show that hypothesis 1 was confirmed in the case of the gender of the participants, whereas it was not confirmed in the case of the birthplace, economic status, and nationality. And hypothesis 2 was not confirmed in the relations between nationalism and modernity and the attitude toward Oriental Medicine, whereas it was confirmed in the relations between traditionalism and the traditional medical concept and attitude toward Oriental Medicine.

• Safety and Health at Work
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• v.4 no.3
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• pp.160-165
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• 2013

Background: Occupational accidents are unplanned events that cause damage. The socio-economic impacts and human costs of accidents are tremendous around the world. Many fatalities happen every year in workplaces such as electricity distribution companies. Some electrical injuries are electrocution, electric shock, and burns. This study was conducted in an electricity distribution company (with rotational 12-hour shift work) in Iran during an 8-year period to survey descriptive factors of injuries. Methods: Variables collected included accident time, age of injured worker, employment type, work experience, injury cause, educational background, and other information about accidents. Results: Results indicated that most of the accidents occurred in summer, and 51.3% were during shift work. Worker negligence (malpractice) was the cause of 75% of deaths. Type of employment had a significant relationship with type of injuries (p < 0.05). Most injuries were electrical burns. Conclusion: High rate of accidents in summer may be due to the warm weather or insufficient professional skills in seasonal workers. Shift workers are at risk of sleep complaints leading to a high rate of work injuries. Acquiring knowledge about safety was related to job experiences. Temporary workers have no chance to work all year like permanent workers, therefore impressive experiences may be less in them. Because the lack of protective equipment and negligence are main causes of accidents, periodical inspections in workshops are necessary.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.1-16
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• 1994

This paper analysis the structure of Housing Consumption Expenditure of urban salary and wage-earners' households from 1982 to 1992 by employing Time-series. Data was based on " Annual report on the Family Income and Expenditure Survey" of the National Bureau of Statistic Planning Board, Republic of Korea. Percentile marginal-propensity to consume(MPC) and income elasticity of consumption expenditure are estimated by their socio-economic and demographic variables. The results are as follows: 1. The proportion of the expenditure for furniture and utensils and house mending has increased with the increase of income in urban salary and wage-earners' households, while fuel light and water charges and rents paid has decreased. 2.1) Engel Function by income group; MPC associated with rents paid and fuel light and water charges is higher in the lower income group than in the rest. The income elasticity estimates in rents paid and fuel light and water charges is less than 1 in all group while larger than 1 in furniture and utensils and house mending. 2) Engel Function by occupation of household head; The highest MPC in rents paid is associated with the sales profession. The income elasticity of fuel light and water charge is found be inelastic. The groups other than the sales group show irregular MPC. 3) Engel Function by family size; MPC in house mending and fuel light and water charge is increased while is decreased in rents paid in accordance with family size. The income elasticity of rents paid and fuel light and water charge is less than 1 in all groups while that of house mending and furniture and utensils is larger than 1. 4) Engel Function by age of housegold head; MPC in rents paid is decreased according to the age of housefold head. The income elasticity of rents paid and fuel light and water charge is less than 1 in all group while it is larger than 1.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• v.28 no.5
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• pp.395-400
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• 2002

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between oral cancer and such factors as smoking and drinking pattern, oral health status, dietary intake pattern, socio-economic status. Oral cancer patients and other disease patients who visited Yonsei University Dental Hospital from May to September in 2000 were selected as the study subjects. The numbers of cases and controls were 41, 108, respectively. Two groups were matched with age and sex for case control study. Oral examination and questionnaires survey was performed by the dentist. To assess the strength of associations between oral cancer and other variables, chisquare tests were performed. The results were as follows : 1. The durations of smoking and alcohol drinking were not related significantly with oral cancer. But the doses of smoking and alcohol intake increased the risk of oral cancer significantly(OR=2.52, 4.11, p<0.05). 2. Denture wearing, the number of missing teeth and spicy and salty food, coffee, tea and fresh fruit intake frequency did not significantly increase the risk of oral cancer. But low education level, residency in rural area increased risk of oral cancer significantly(p<0.01).

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.34-43
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• 2001

Unlike ordinary recreational facilities, an amusement park consists of various entertainment facilities, attractions, food services, souvenir shops and other attribute. The purpose of this study is to survey users´ responses to such attributes and analyze the importance and performance of each attribute, and thereby, ultimately help improve the efficiency of management and operation of the amusement parks. For this purpose, a survey was conducted of Everland users in August, 1999. 420 users were chosen by means of he systematic sampling. All the suers were asked to rate the importance of 14 attributes of Everland at the entrance and all of them were asked to do the same at the exit. As a result, it was found that the attribute rated highest by the users was ´attraction´, followed by ´service´, ´accessibility´ and ´cost´ in that order. On the other hand, it was found that the total average of importance rated for 14 attributes was 3.31, while that of performance was 3.10. As a consequence of analyzing the action grids, it was found that ´appropriateness of the circulation system´ should be improved most urgently. 7 attributes were categorized as ´keeping up good work´, and 6 ones were rated ´low priority´ in terms of improvement. There was no attribute considered to be ´possible overkill´. Meanwhile, as a result of analyzing the difference among groups in order to determine users´ response depending on their demographic and socio-economic variables, it was found that only the ´age´ variable was significant. It is expected that the results that the results of this study would be useful in determining priorities when improving amusement park facilities or their programs.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.4 no.1_2
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• pp.11-18
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• 1980

This study attempts to discern the purchasing pattern of urban husbands' clothing in Korea. Studies on this subject in other cultures show that wives play lesser role in purchasing activities of their husbands' clothing in the industrial societies rather than in the pre-industrial ones. It would be interesting to know the way selecting and buying husbands' clothing in urban Korea. Specifically questions to be answered include: Who makes the decision in selecting in kinds of husbands' clothing and who buy them? Data for this study has been collected through structured questionaire survey for 606 married women in the City of Seoul including 192 mothers of elementary school students, 58 elementary school teachers, 210 mothers of middle and high school students, 56 mothers of undergraduate students, and 47 college professors. Since most women of our sample are relatively high in educational level and working for various educational institutions, the findings of this study should not be generalized as a general trend of urban Korea. Major findings of this study include: 1) Purchasing husbands' clothing is not entirely wives' domain. The degree of participation on the part of wives in selecting and buying of their husbands' clothing depends upon the kinds of clothings. If it is for such items as underwear, socks, handkerchief, or umbrella, which are relatively easy to choose in terms of size, outlook, and price, more wives do the job. Other- wise, however, husbands more actively participate in selecting and buying their own clothings such as shoes, overcoats, neck tie, and formal wear. 2) In terms of clothing behavior of husbands, it seems to be a general trend that husbands select their clothings, but wives buy them. 3) Variables related to socio-economic status seem to affect the clothing behavior of husbands. Those who more actively participate in selecting and buying their clothings include: husbands whose wives have a job outside thier family, younger in age, middle school or high school graduates rather than college graduate or husbands with far lesser education, and husbands who live in western style houses rether than in traditional Korean houses.