• 제목/요약/키워드: Social deficit

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한국 미숙아 관리의 현황과 전망 (Current Status of Korean Premature Infant Care and its Prospective)

  • 신영희
    • Child Health Nursing Research
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    • 제9권1호
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    • pp.96-106
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    • 2003
  • Advances in neonatal care system and research have resulted in an increased survival rate among low birth weight infants in the industrialized countries. Recent Korean neonatal mortality and morbidity statistics, and current status of Korean neonatal intensive care facilities were reviewed here for the sake of future improvement and research. Morbidity statistics revealed that perinatal diseases accounted for 80% of the death of premature infants implying the possibility of its reduction by the vigorous prenatal care service in future.On the basis of extensive studies of nutritional support and growth rate of premature infants, commercial formulas for premature infants have been developed and various aspects of feeding techniques are standardized. However, problem of growth deficit of premature infants remains unsolved as medical problem. NICU specialists are challenged with the tasks of prenatal education or provision of care that minimizes the neurodevelopmental problems seen in preterm infants, various short-term outcome researches have been reported and those are reviewed here to promote research interest in the field of neonatal nursing. Systemic long-term outcome studies are also awaited in Korea for the formulation of welfare policy in future. Nursing science has to embrace all these interdisciplinary studies as their own research field in collaboration with neonatologist, nutritionist, rehabilitation therapist, social workers and teachers.

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동시를 통해 아동이 묘사한 아버지의 모습 (Fathers in Children's Poems)

  • 정순화;김시혜
    • 아동학회지
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    • 제17권2호
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    • pp.79-105
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    • 1996
  • The purpose of this study was to understand children's viewpoints on their fathers from a phenomenological perspective. Sixty nine elementary school children (2nd and 5th grade) were asked to write poems about their fathers. Through the poems, they described their feelings towards their fathers in their own words. Results indicated that the most prominent and popular description for the father was in terms of the provider of the family. Because of the excessive emphasis on the provider role, fathers are very busy and tired, and can not Participate actively in their children's daily life. As a result, many fathers are in an on-looker position in their homes, and their children are spoiled. On the other hand, children described their fathers as warm, kind- hearted, respectable and great images that gave everything to their children. They liked and sincerely appreciated these aspects of their fathers. Because of the gap between the ideal image of the father and the actual provider image of the father, children experience conflict and a psychological deficit of a father. We believe that this problem will be improved through the fathers' own awareness of their role which pays more attention to our children's wellbeing and a reform of the existing social system.

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Neuropsychological Assessment of Adult Patients with Shunted Hydrocephalus

  • Bakar, Emel Erdogan;Bakar, Bulent
    • Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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    • 제47권3호
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    • pp.191-198
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    • 2010
  • Objective : This study is planned to determine the neurocognitive difficulties of hydrocephalic adults. Methods : The research group contained healthy adults (control group, n : 15), and hydrocephalic adults (n : 15). Hydrocephalic group consisted of patients with idiopathic aquaduct stenosis and post-meningitis hydrocephalus. All patients were followed with shunted hydrocephalus and not gone to shunt revision during last two years. They were chosen from either asymptomatic or had only minor symptoms without motor and sensorineural deficit. A neuropsychological test battery (Raven Standart Progressive Matrices, Bender-Gestalt Test, Cancellation Test, Clock Drawing Test, Facial Recognition Test, Line Orientation Test, Serial Digit Learning Test, Stroop Color Word Interference Test-TBAG Form, Verbal Fluency Test, Verbal Fluency Test, Visual-Aural Digit Span Test-B) was applied to all groups. Results : Neuropsychological assessment of hydrocephalic patients demonstrated that they had poor performance on visual, semantic and working memory, visuoconstructive and frontal functions, reading, attention, motor coordination and executive function of parietal lobe which related with complex and perseverative behaviour. Eventually, these patients had significant impairment on the neurocognitive functions of their frontal, parietal and temporal lobes. On the other hand, the statistical analyses performed on demographic data showed that the aetiology of the hydrocephalus, age, sex and localization of the shunt (frontal or posterior parietal) did not affect the test results. Conclusion : This prospective study showed that adult patients with hydrocephalus have serious neuropsychological problems which might be directly caused by the hydrocephalus; and these problems may cause serious adaptive difficulties in their social, cultural, behavioral and academic life.

Treatment, Education, and Prognosis of Slow Learners (Borderline Intelligence)

  • So Hee Lee
    • Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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    • 제35권3호
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    • pp.192-196
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    • 2024
  • Objectives: Borderline intelligence has been excluded from formal diagnostic systems and not included in disability diagnoses, leaving gaps in treatment, education, and social welfare despite various functional impairments. Therefore, we aimed to shed light on ways to enhance the intelligence and functioning of individuals with borderline intelligence by reviewing research on its progression, education, and treatment. Methods: Ten studies that met the inclusion and exclusion criteria were included in the final literature review and analyzed according to detailed topics (participant characteristics, design, and results). Results: Borderline intelligence is associated with various comorbid conditions, such as anxiety, depression, attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder, and addictive disorders, which negatively impact its course and prognosis. Individuals with borderline intelligence often face challenges in academics, employment, interpersonal relationships, and health owing to lifelong cognitive impairments. The treatment of borderline intelligence necessitates addressing environmental factors, such as neglect and abuse, as well as treating comorbid mental disorders, which are crucial for prognosis. Tailoring treatment programs for cognitive profile characteristics have been proposed, and studies have reported the effectiveness of pharmacotherapy, working memory training, and intensive rehabilitation training. Therefore, early intervention during childhood brain development is necessary. Risk factors, such as lack of parental education, and their impact on treatment outcomes have also been reported. Conclusion: Extensive research is needed on education, treatment, and prognosis related to borderline intelligence. Active intervention for children with borderline intelligence is essential to improve their functioning and quality of life.

주의력결핍 과잉행동장애 환아 보호자의 삶의 질과 관련요인 (Quality of Life and Related Factors in Caregivers of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder Patients)

  • 정종현;홍승철;한진희;이성필
    • 정신신체의학
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    • 제13권2호
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    • pp.102-111
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    • 2005
  • 목적: 질병이 환자에 끼치는 주관적인 영향을 반영하고, 환자의 전반적인 경과와 예후를 나타내는 지표로써 삶의 질 개념이 널리 사용되고 있다. 이때 질병은 환자 자신뿐만 아니라 가족들의 삶에도 상당한 영향을 미치게 되고, 특히 아동이 질병에 이환 되었을 경우 이러한 영향은 더욱 커지리라고 생각된다. 이에 주의력결핍 과잉 행동장애 환아의 보호자를 대상으로 삶의 질의 정도를 알아보고, 삶의 질에 영향을 주는 다른 요인은 무엇인지를 알아보고자 하였다. 방법: DSM-IV 진단기준에 의해 주의력결핍 과잉행동장애로 진단된 아동 38명의 보호자를 대상으로 하였고, 나이와 성별을 맞춘 정상아동 16명의 보호자를 건강대조군으로 하였다. 환아 보호자군과 건강대조군에 대하여 자체 제작한 사회인구학적인 변인에 대한 설문지, 한국판 세계보건기구 삶의 질 간편형 척도(WHOQOL-BREF)를 사용하여 각각 변인의 차이를 비교하였다. 결과: 1) 한국판 WHOQOL-BREF 척도에서 전체 삶의 질 총점과 전반적인 삶의 질, 척도내의 4개의 영역인 신체적 건강 영역, 심리적 영역, 사회적 관계 영역, 환경영역에서 환아 보호자군과 대조군에서 의미 있는 차이는 없었으나, 신체적 건강 영역의 하부척도인 일상생활수행능력 척도$(3.0{\pm}0.7\;vs.\;3.6{\pm}0.7)(p=0.008)$와 심리적 영역에 해당되는 자존감척도$(2.8{\pm}0.7\;vs.\;3.3{\pm}0.7)(p=0.049)$에서 유의하게 감소되어 있었다. 2) 전체 삶의 질 총점은 교육년수가 길수록 높았다(r=0.437, p=0.007). 3) 신체적 건강 영역 (영역 1)은 교육년수가 길수록 높은 점수를 보였고(r=0.370, p=0.024), 하부 척도 중에서는 수면과 휴식 척도가 교육연수와 양의 상관관계를 보였다(r=0.429, p=0.008). 4) 심리적 영역(영역 2)과 관련 있는 요인은 없었으나, 하부 척도인 긍정적사고 척도는 교육년수가 길수록 점수가 높았으며 (r=0.346, p=0.036), 자존감 척도(r=-0.337, p=0.039)와 사고 학습 기억능력 척도(r=-.341, p=0.036)는 보호자의 나이가 많을수록 점수가 낮았다. 5) 사회적 관계 영역(영역 3)과 관련 있는 요인은 없었으나, 하부척도 중 성적활동 척도는 교육년수가 길수록 높은 점수를 보이고 있었다(r=0.344, p=0.037). 6) 환경 영역(영역 4)은 교육년수가 길수록 점수가 높았지만(r=0.482, p=0.003), 환아의 나이가 많을수록 낮은 삶의 질 수준을 보고하였다(r=0.328, p=0.044). 한편 하부 척도 중에서는 신체적 안전 척도(r=-0.414, p=0.010), 거주환경 척도(r=-0.429, p=0.007), 새로운 정보나 기술의 취득 척도(r=-0.382, p=0.018), 의료서비스 및 사회보장서비스 척도(r=-0.351, p=0.031)가 환아의 나이와 음의 상관관계를 보였으며, 신체적 안전척도는 보호자의 나이가 많을수록 삶의 질이 낮음을 보고하였다(r=-403, p=0.012). 한편, 새로운 정보나 기술의 취득척도(r=0.406, p=0.013), 여가활동 척도(r=0.464, p=0.004), 교통 척도(r=0.363, p=0.027)은 교육연수가 길수록 높은 점수를 보고하였다. 결론: 주의력결핍 과잉행동장애 환아의 보호자가 느끼는 주관적인 삶의 질은 건강대조군에 비해 나쁘지 않았다. 그러나 환아의 나이가 많을수록, 보호자의 교육연수가 낮을수록 스스로 느끼는 삶의 질의정도가 낮았으므로 이에 대한 관심이 필요할 것이다.

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가정간호 시범사업 간호진단 및 간호중재 분석 연구 (A Study Analyzing Nursing Diagnoses and Nursing Interventions used in a Demonstration Home Care Project)

  • 서미혜;이혜원;전춘영
    • 대한간호
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    • 제34권5호
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    • pp.52-67
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    • 1996
  • As home care in developing and becoming part of the health care delivery system in Korea, it is necessary to examine the use of nursing diagnoses and related nursing interventions with a view to increasing the standardization of nursing recording. This study was done to examine the nursing diagnosis and related nursing interventions used in home care. Data were collected using a chart review of the nursing notes written for the home care given to 38 patients who had pulmonary diseases or traumatic brain or spinal cord injuries and who had received home care as part of a demonstration home care project in a college of Nursing in Seoul. Early on in the project discussions as to format and use to nursing diagnosis was done and a tool was developed based on Gordon's eleven functional catergories with the addition of categories to cover family and environment. This tool was used in the data collection. Data included nursing diagnosis, etiologies and interventions. Real numbers and percentages were used in the analysis. The results show that the most frequently used diagnoses were in the category of physical function (75.6%), followed by the category of emotional and social function (21.8%). The least frequently used category was the one for family and environment (2.6%). The order of the frequency of recorded nursing interventions was the same, 82.3% for physical function, 16.2% of emotional and social function and 1.5% for family and environment. Under the category of physical functioning the most frequently used nursing diagnoses were related to mobility (62.2%), nutrition (23.6%) and elimination (11.9%). The frequencies of nursing interventions for these three diagnostic categories were 69.8%, 16.0% and 10.8% respectively. For emotional and social functioning, the most frequently used diagnoses were for cognition-perception (37.1%), self-perception (30.6%) and perception of health (23.7%). The ordering of the frequency of nursing interventions varied slightly. The most frequently used interventions were for the category of self-perception (31.7%) followed by cognition-perception (24.1%) and perception of health (22.9%). Looking at individual diagnoses, it was found that within the categroy of physical functioning, the most frequently used diagnosis was "impaired physical mobility" (29.5%) and this diagnosis involved 43.9% of the interventions. This was followed by "ineffective breathing pattern" (19.4%) with 17.7% of interventions, and "alteration in nutrition, less than body requirements" (11.2%) with 8.1% of the interventions. For the emotional social category, noncompliance was the most frequently used nursing diagnosis (18.2%) with 19.2% of the interventions. This was followed by "anxiety" (13.4%) with 13.6% of the interventions and by "knowledge deficit" (13.4%) but with only 5.5% of the interventions. The other diagnoses and interventions did not follow this pattern of frequency. Although there were a large number of diagnostic and intervention events, the number of actual diagnoses and interventions used were relatively small ranging from six interventions for "knowledge deficit" to 40 interventions for "imparied physical mobility". From this it can be concluded that the results of this study could be used as basic data for the development of standardized charts with respect to nursing diagnosis and interventions for clients with pulmonary disease and clients with traumatic brain or spinal cord injuries. Interventions that were direct care activities (1178) were much more frequent that education (430), and assessment and observation (148). There were also few diagnoses or interventions related to the family and the environment. This suggests two areas that need to be developed in home care and that need to be considered in the development of standardized records for use in home care.

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부모의 음주문제와 자녀의 행동 및 심리사회적 특성 (Parental Alcohol Problems and Children's Behavior & Psychosocial Characteristics)

  • 김석형;구민성;오동열;박일호;이강수;김지연;송정은
    • Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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    • 제22권3호
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    • pp.162-168
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    • 2011
  • Objectives: Alcohol problems of parents have an influence on not only their psychological problems but also on their children's psychosocial adaptation. The purpose of this study was to compare the emotional and behavioral problems, including school bullying and social skills, between children of alcoholics (COAs) and children of non-alcoholics (non-COAs). Methods: We recruited $4^{th}$ grade children (n=741) from 7 primary schools in Seoul and their parents as subjects. The self-rated psychiatric symptoms were assessed with the Korean version of the Children of Alcoholics Screening Test (CAST-K), the Children's Depression Inventory (CDI), the Rosenberg's Self-esteem Scale (RSES), the School Bullying Scale, the Social Skill Rating Scale and the Korean version of Alcohol Expectancy Questionnaire-Adolescent (AEQ-A). The Attention-deficit Hyperactivity Disorder Rating Scale-IV (ARS) was completed by the parents. Results: 518 children were non-COAs and 223 were COAs. The COAs showed higher CDI and ARS-IV scores and lower RSES scores than the non-COAs. Especially, the COAs also showed higher school bullying scale scores and lower cooperative scale scores on the social skill rating scales. But there was no difference of alcohol expectancy between the COAs and non-COAs. Conclusion: It was plausible that the COAs had more behavioral & psychosocial problems than the non-COAs among the school aged children. It is important to identify and intervene to solve the problems of peer relationships of school age COAs in order to prevent victimization by bullying and to improve psychosocial adaptation.

반응성 애착장애아와 발달성 언어장애아의 의사소통 의도 비교 연구 (A COMPARISON STUDY ON THE COMMUNICATIVE INTENT OF CHILDREN WITH REACTIVE ATTACHMENT DISORDER AND DEVELOPMENTAL LANGUAGE DISORDER)

  • 이경숙;이호분;신정현;노경선;임연화
    • Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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    • 제8권2호
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    • pp.207-216
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    • 1997
  • 본 연구는 반응성 애착장애(reactive attachment disorder:향후 RAD라 칭함)집단과 발달성 언어장애(developmental language disorder:향후 DLD라 칭함)집단을 대상으로 외관상 유사한 사회성 문제를 지니고 있으나, 타인과의 사회적 접촉의 시도라는 좀 더 근본적인 의사소통의 의도에서는 집단간에 어떤 차이를 보이는지 알아보기 위해 생활 연령과 언어 연령으로 두 집단을 짝지어 의사소통 의도의 빈도와 주로 사용하는 의사소통 의도의 유형 및 발달 단계를 비교하였다. 그 결과는 DLD아동의 의도 표현 방법이 RAD아동보다 세련되고 정교화 되었음을 보여 주었으며, DLD아동이 RAD아동보다 의사소통하려는 의도를 더 많이 가지고 있음을 나타냈다. 그리고 두집단이 사용하는 의사소통 의도의 내용을 살펴보았더니, DLD아동은 사회적 상호작용>공유적 주의>행동 통제의 순으로, RAD아동은 행동 통제>사회적 상호작용>공유적 주의의 순으로 의사소통하려는 의도를 나타냄으로써, 주로 사용하는 의도의 내용 범주간에도 두 집단간에 차이를 보였다. 또한, 사용한 의사소통 의도의 다양성 비교에서도 총 12가지의 의사소통 의도에서 DLD아동이 RAD아동보다 더 다양한 수의 의사소통 의도를 나타냈다. 이들 결과를 종합해 볼 때, DLD아동보다는 RAD아동에게서 의사소통의도로 잰 사회적 결함의 심각성이 더 드러났음을 알 수 있다.

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Formation of the Digital Generation in a Distance Learning Environment

  • Nataliіa, Levchenko;Nataliia, Sukhostavets;Lesia, Zelman;Alla, Kulichenko;Kseniia, Balabanova
    • International Journal of Computer Science & Network Security
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    • 제22권5호
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    • pp.335-341
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    • 2022
  • This article is devoted to the study of the process of formation of the digital generation in a distance learning environment. With the introduction of quarantine due to the spread of COVID-19, opponents of digital technologies were forced to turn to relevant resources, while supporters identified new opportunities for the development of didactics and education in general. The irreversibility of the former educational reality became apparent and only the scale of the vision of potential change by interested and disinterested groups differed. Using a comprehensive approach, the authors consider the issues related to the direct and indirect impact of distance learning on children and young people born after the beginning of the XXI century. The article reveals the prerequisites and implications of distance education for the interaction of participants in the educational process. IC technologies during the educational process in the primary grades, in addition to identifying the student's learning deficit, should provide the transmission of non-verbal signals, which are important for children of this age. At the same time in the secondary school IR-technologies are designed to replace frontal learning during the assimilation of knowledge and at the same time not to worsen the quality of the educational process. Formation of students in the HEI takes place in the political science format, constant discussion of problem situations, so the task of introducing IC technology in this process is the accurate transfer of the content of the discussions. Individualization and autonomization of the educational process, its dependence on the results of the choice of educational content, and the use of pedagogical management tools change the philosophy of education for children and youth. The authors conclude that the formation of a digital generation, characterized by an increased level of digital literacy of children and youth, the possession of a certain level of digital capacity requires the use of strategies aimed at optimizing the learning process in a digital educational environment.

아동기에 주의력결핍 과잉행동증상을 경험한 성인의 정신병리와 기질 성격 요인 (Psychopathology, Temperament, and Character Factors of Adults with Childhood Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Symptoms)

  • 송열매;이건석;한덕현;이영식;민경준;박진영;김준원
    • Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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    • 제24권4호
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    • pp.191-198
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    • 2013
  • Objectives : The objective of this study is to find out the differences in psychopathology, temperament, and character factors between young adults with and without childhood attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms. Methods : The subjects consisted of 314 university students (male=72, female=242) in Gongju. They were divided into childhood ADHD group (N=54) and normal group (N=260) to the Wender-Utah Rating Scale. Participants were assessed using Korean Adult ADHD Scale, Beck Depression Inventory-II, Beck Anxiety Inventory, Kimberly Young's Internet Addiction Test, Barratt Impulsiveness Scale, Paranoia Scale, Korean-Schizotypal Ambivalence Scale, Lubben Social Network Scale, and Temperament and Character Inventory-Revised. Descriptive statistics, t-test, chi-square, spearman correlation, and stepwise multiple regression were applied to analyze the data. Results : Participants with childhood ADHD symptoms had high level of adult ADHD symptoms (p<.001), impulsiveness (p=.001), depression (p<.001), anxiety (p<.001), internet addiction (p<.001), paranoia tendency (p<.001) and low level of selfesteem (p<.001) compared to normal group. Self-directedness (p<.001) was lower, Harm avoidance (p=.001) and Self-transcendence (p=.029) were higher in the childhood ADHD group. In correlation and stepwise multiple regression, childhood ADHD symptoms were significantly associated with cooperativeness (r=-0.515 and ${\beta}$=-0.547, p<.001 respectively). Conclusion : This result showed that young adults with childhood ADHD symptoms had various forms of psychopathology and childhood ADHD symptoms were influenced by character such as cooperativeness. Therefore, more thorough evaluation regarding childhood ADHD symptoms is needed.