• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.18 no.5
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• pp.549-556
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• 2017

This study investigated the importance of social cognitive intervention and the cognitive rehabilitation intervention by comparing the difference and examining the relationship between neurological cognitive function and social cognitive function of stroke patients in the acute phase and chronic stroke before returning to the community. LOTCA, cartoon intention inference task, and social behavior sequence task were performed on 30 acute stroke inpatients and 30 chronic stroke patients from May 2015 to June 2016. A two sample t test was conducted to examine the differences between the groups. The Pearson's correlations test was performed to examine the correlation among the variables in each group. As a result, there were statistically significant differences between the neurological cognitive function and social cognitive function of acute stroke patients and chronic stroke patients who were undergoing rehabilitation training before returning to the community (p<0.05). A linear relationship was found between the thinking operation and social behavior sequence task in the acute stroke group (r=0.539, p<0.05). In the chronic stroke group, visual perception (r=0.530, p<0.05), visual motor organization (r=0.655, p<0.05) and thinking operation (r=0.534, p<0.05) were correlated with the cartoon intention inference task. In addition, the social behavior sequence task were correlated with visual organization (r=0.534, p<0.05) and thinking operation (r=0.764, p<0.05). As a result of multiple regression analysis, the neurological cognitive functions influencing the social cognitive function in the cartoon task was found to be the thinking operation (B = 0.431) in acute stroke patients and the thinking operation (B=0.272) and visuomotor organization (B = 0.218) in the case of chronic stroke. In addition, the results of the social behavior sequence task revealed the thinking operation (B=0.417) in the acute stroke patients, and thinking operation (B=0.267), visual motor organization(B=0.274) and visual perception(B=151) in chronic stroke patients to be significant. According to this result, there is a difference in the neurological and social cognitive levels between the two groups. Therefore, the social cognition is strongly related to the high level cognitive function as thinking operation of the neurological cognitive function. Therefore, in further research, it would be necessary to determine if there is a change in higher cognitive function in neurological cognitive function after applying a social cognition intervention program for stroke.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.56 no.1
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• pp.31-40
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• 2023

Objectives: This study investigated the effect of cognitive impairment on the association between social network properties and mortality among older Korean adults. Methods: This study used data from the Korean Social Life, Health, and Aging Project. It obtained 814 older adults' complete network maps across an entire village in 2011-2012. Participants' deaths until December 31, 2020 were confirmed by cause-of-death statistics. A Cox proportional hazards model was used to assess the risks of poor social network properties (low degree centrality, perceived loneliness, social non-participation, group-level segregation, and lack of support) on mortality according to cognitive impairment. Results: In total, 675 participants (5510.4 person-years) were analyzed, excluding those with missing data and those whose deaths could not be verified. Along with cognitive impairment, all social network properties except loneliness were independently associated with mortality. When stratified by cognitive function, some variables indicating poor social relations had higher risks among older adults with cognitive impairment, with adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) of 2.12 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.34 to 3.35) for social nonparticipation, 1.58 (95% CI, 0.94 to 2.65) for group-level segregation, and 3.44 (95% CI, 1.55 to 7.60) for lack of support. On the contrary, these effects were not observed among those with normal cognition, with adjusted HRs of 0.73 (95% CI, 0.31 to 1.71), 0.96 (95% CI, 0.42 to 2.21), and 0.95 (95% CI, 0.23 to 3.96), respectively. Conclusions: The effect of social network properties was more critical among the elderly with cognitive impairment. Older adults with poor cognitive function are particularly encouraged to participate in social activities to reduce the risk of mortality.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Integrative Medicine
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.109-124
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• 2024

Purpose : The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of a virtual reality-based complex cognitive training program for depression, cognitive function, and digital divide reduction in the elderly who have not been diagnosed with dementia or MCI. Methods : We enrolled 16 participants who were over 65 years old and not been diagnosed with dementia or MCI. We randomly divided into three groups (A, B, C). Participants underwent an 8-week virtual reality-based complex cognitive training program (60 minutes each session, twice per week). At a baseline, all participants completed questionnaires on general features, depression and cognitive function. After four weeks, all participants completed questionnaires on depression and cognitive function. After the end of the last program, participants conducted questionnaires on depression, cognitive function, and usability evaluation. Results : At the 8-week follow-up, 16 participants completed the program. Compared to the baseline, the average score of cognitive function was increased (from 26.5 to 28.5), although it was not statistically significant (p<.061). There were no significant differences between baseline and post-training evaluations on depression scores. The average score of usability evaluation was 75.56, which corresponds to good. Conclusion : Even though the results showed no statistically significant findings in cognitive function and depression after the virtual reality-based complex cognitive training intervention, this pilot study proposed the possibility of utilizing the virtual reality program as a tool that provides active learning opportunities for the elderly and helps improve their cognitive function through multi-sensory components. Also, the findings of this study suggested a positive reevaluation of the elderly's digital access capabilities while reducing the digital divide. A virtual reality-based complex cognitive training program improved the social network of the elderly. We expect that it will expand in size and help with their social participation of the elderly.

• Journal of Korean Physical Therapy Science
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.48-62
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• 2020

Purpose: The purpose of the study was to identify the mediating effects of social support and self-efficacy between academic stress and college adjustment in physical therapy students. Design: Survey. Methods: 75 subjects were surveyed about the level of academic, Academic Stress, College Adjustment, Social Support, Self-Efficacy, and self-control. To confirm the cognitive function on brain activity were evaluated. Results: First, College students have higher academic stress and lower college adjustment. Higher social support and self-efficacy have lower academic stress and better college adjustment. Second, students with high academic stress need constant attention to increase their social support and programs to reduce academic stress. Third, students with high academic stress, low social support, and low self-efficacy can increase their cognitive strength through the brain wave thereby reducing the academic stress they are currently feeling. Conclusion: In order to improve the College Adjustment, it is considered that it is important to increase the cognitive function through brain train along with the development of a student management program that can reduce academic stress and increase social support and self-efficacy.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.16 no.7
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• pp.429-439
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• 2018

The objective of the study was to analyze difference in cognitive function according to social isolation level in elderly Korean. The author classified the social isolation into the structural isolation and contact isolation. Structural isolation corresponded to the no spouse or no children and the contact isolation corresponded to the absence of contact with children, friends or social association. Author conducted multivariate regression analysis with the elderly people aged 65 years or older from the 5th wave of the Korean Longitudinal Study of Ageing data. Number of sample was 3,971. It was confirmed that the level of cognitive function was lower according to level of social isolation. It was also confirmed that friends/neighborhood isolation, and social activity isolation showed significant relationships with cognitive functions. Based on the results, author suggested that to protect the elderly from negative effects of social isolation, we needed the policy to promote elderly's the participation in social activity. The study to analyze the factors related to social isolation was also needed.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Rural Health Nursing
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.1-10
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• 2023

Purpose: This study was to evaluate the effects of a social prescribing program on cognitive function and depression of the elderly in the rural community. Methods: A non-equivalent control group pretest-posttest design was used for this study. The experimental group (n=76) completed a 8-week intervention of social prescribing, while the control group (n=39) only participated in pre- and post- need assessment from April 2021 to October 2022. A Wilcoxon signed rank test was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of a social prescribing program on the level of cognitive function and depression of the participants. Results: The level of cognitive function was improved significantly in the experimental group (p<.05) while there was no significant change in the control group. Depression has been significantly decreased in the experimental group (p<.01), but there was no statistically significant change in the control group. Conclusion: The results of this study suggest that the social prescribing program is effective for improving cognitive function and reducing depression of the elderly living in the rural area. Therefore, a social prescribing program can be utilized as a preventive program for dementia and depression of the elderly.

• Korean Journal of Adult Nursing
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.78-88
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• 2007

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to find out the degree of cognitive function among the elderly and to confirm its correlated factors. Methods: The subjects consisted of 392 elderly people over the age 65 who were living in Busan. Data were collected by the interview method, using a structured questionnaire and the K-MMSE scale. Results: The average points of the elderly's cognitive functions measured by K-MMSE were 23.76(${\pm}4.02$). With the cut-off point for cognitive impairment set as 24 points below using K-MMSE scale, 38.8% of the subjects have cognitive impairments. Among the variables related to cognitive functions, literacy showed the highest correlation with cognitive function(${\beta}=.330$, t=7.249, p<.001), followed in order by educational level, age, depression level, attendance of elderly's college, and religious activity. The total explanatory power of these variables is 36%. Conclusion: In order to prevent cognitive impairment among the elderly, elderly people have to maintain social relationships continuously, and expand the social network by participating in the related programs. Some efforts to prevent the occurrence of depression and to stimulate patients' brain activity need to be recommended.

• 한국노년학
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• v.36 no.3
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• pp.751-763
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• 2016

In this article, we conducted a literature review about cognitive aging and social-psychological factors that influence cognitive function in old age. As getting older, cognitive function was mostly seen as declining, even though the effect of aging is differential across domains of cognitive ability. The negative view about cognitive aging might be reflecting social-psychological factors such as age stereotypes. Age stereotypes vary among different cultures, but appear to be negative in general. Negative age stereotypes are related to lower level of memory performances. Older adults who were experimentally presented with positive age stereotypes exhibited better memory performances than those with negative age stereotypes. Self-referent belief, appraisals of one's own cognitive abilities, could also affect actual performance in cognitive tasks. Older adults showed lower self-referent belief than younger adults, and it might explain memory decline in old age. Theoretical explanation and implication about the relationship between social-psychological factors and cognitive abilities were discussed.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.17 no.6
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• pp.439-446
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• 2019

Poststroke depression can have a secondary effect on social cognition, and this can lead to behavioral problems. The purpose of this study was to verify the effects of a Cognitive Stimulation Circulative Program(CSCP) based on occupational therapy. The participants of this study were 12 stroke patients. The CSCP was organized in such a way to promote the cognitive process. This program were carried out as a circuit program(16 sessions). As a result of this study, the depression scale of the subjects had statistically significant benefit(p<.05). Also, the evaluation results verified partial improvement in quality of life, and the relationship change scale which was used to evaluate role of physical and social cognitive function ability had statistically significant benefit(p<.05). The above results of this study verified that the CSCP was an efficient intervention program that reduces the depression of stroke patients and improve their social cognitive function ability, thus enhancing the quality of life.

• Journal of Korean society of Dental Hygiene
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.43-53
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• 2023

Objectives: We developed an integrated cognitive function improvement program comprising cognitive, emotional, and physical domains, and remotely applied it to middle-aged adults to investigate its effects on oral health, cognitive function, and mental health improvement. Methods: The experimental group underwent the program remotely, using the Zoom platform. A total of 24 participants were recruited and divided into 12 experimental and 12 control groups. The program comprised cognitive, emotional, and physical activities. The sessions lasted 90 min and were performed twice a week for 6 weeks from April to May 2022. Results: Cognitive function, arousal, physical, and mental stress were significantly improved in the experimental group after the intervention than at the baseline (p<0.05). Regarding oral health, tongue plaque decreased 1.34-fold (p<0.01) and saliva increased 1.04-fold (p<0.05) in the experimental group after the intervention than at the baseline. Moreover, the experimental group showed significant improvements in tongue plaque and saliva than the control group (p<0.05 for tongue plaque and p<0.01 for saliva). Regarding mental health, social support significantly increased 11.67-fold (p<0.05) in the experimental group than at the baseline. The experimental group also showed significantly improved social support than the control group (p<0.01). Conclusions: The non-face-to-face integrated cognitive function improvement program for middle-aged adults improved their cognitive function and oral and mental health. Based on these findings, this program may be a useful health program tool for middle-aged individuals.