• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.10 no.7
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• pp.23-31
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• 2012

The purpose of this study is to investigate existing world economic science theories and concepts of sustainable development as well as create original system of criteria and indicators to assess potential and conditions for sustainable development from a regional perspective and based on the above justify proposals for public authorities to improve methods of economic regulation for regional development. To achieve the goal evolution process of existing theories and concepts of sustainable development and "green growth" have been studied in terms of its adaptation to the spatial development of Kazakhstan, comparative dynamics of natural resources consumption in the Asia-Pacific region and Kazakhstan were investigated as well. Methodology. World best theory and practice methods for assessment of the level of sustainable development of the country and some of its territories were also studied. We selected the best system of criteria and indicators for assessment of economic, social and environmental sustainability of regional systems. Methods offered in this article are based on traditional and new factors of economic development and conditions for operation of regional systems. Indicators are chosen with a glance to basic goals for future development of regions in Kazakhstan. It is recommended to use two levels of methodology offered by author, namely national and regional, and at the local level later (districts, municipalities, cities). The results. Method offered by the author has been tested based on materials and statistics of regions in Kazakhstan. Suitability and usability of the proposed system of criteria and indicators for measuring of economic, social and environmental sustainability of regional systems was proved. Based on this analysis it was found out that there are regions in Kazakhstan that differ from each other by most of key indicators of sustainable regional development and this tendency is increasing. Conclusions and recommendations. As a result of this analysis, the authors have substantiated a number of proposals on methods of analysis to be used, improvement of methods of regional development, implementation of institutional reforms, as well as improvement of regional statistics. This article provides recommendations that can be successfully used in the management practices by public authorities to implement a new regional strategy focused on sustainable development in future.

• Journal of Korean Society of Rural Planning
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.37-47
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• 2022

The purpose of this study is to introduce the concept of community resilience to rural society and build an index suitable for the reality of rural areas. Furthermore, by calculating the importance of evaluation factors, it was attempted to present priorities and alternatives for each evaluation factor. By stratifying the derived indicators, a survey was conducted targeting 20 researchers, practitioners, and public officials, three groups of experts working in rural areas who were well aware of the realities and problems of rural areas. In the survey, a pairwise comparison was performed to compare factors 1:1 to calculate the importance, and for rational and consistent decision-making, decisions were made in the 9-grade section. Using the collected data, consistency analysis that can evaluate reliability in the decision-making process and the relative weight of evaluation factors were calculated through AHP analysis. As a result of the analysis, as a result of examining the priority of final importance by summarizing the importance of all evaluation factors, 'Income creation using resources' > 'Population Characteristics' > 'Tolerance' > 'External Support' > 'Social Accessibility' > 'Physical Accessibility' > 'Community Competence' > 'Infrastructure' > 'Leader Competence' > 'Natural Environment' was derived in the order. In the study dealing with urban community resilience indicators, social aspects such as citizen participation, public-private cooperation, and governance were presented as the most important requirements, but this study differs in that the 'income creation' factor is derived as the most important factor. This can be seen through the change in the income difference between rural and urban areas. The income structure of rural areas has changed rapidly, and it is now reaching a very poor level, so it is necessary to prepare alternatives to 'income creation' in the case of rural areas. Unlike urban indicators, 'population characteristics' and 'tolerance' were also derived as important indicators of rural society. However, there are currently no alternatives to supplement the vulnerability by strengthening the resilience of rural communities. Based on the priority indicators derived from the study, we tried to suggest alternatives necessary for rural continuity in the future so that they can be supplemented step by step.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.43 no.2
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• pp.138-150
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• 2010

Objectives: There are at least three conceptual models for the effects of the childhood social environment on adult health: the critical period model, the social mobility model, and the cumulative risk model. However, few studies have investigated all three different models within the same setting. This study aims to examine the impact of childhood and adulthood socioeconomic positions and intergenerational social mobility over the life course on the health in adulthood based both on the critical period model and the social mobility model. Methods: This study was conducted on 9583 adults aged between 25 and 64 years old and they were the respondents to the Korea Welfare Panel Study (2006). A multivariate logistic regression analysis was carried out, using the critical period model and the social mobility model out of the life course approaches, to look into the impact of childhood and adulthood socioeconomic positions and intergenerational social mobility on the health status in adulthood. Results: Household income and occupation out of the adulthood socioeconomic position indicators had an independent influence on the adulthood health status. The childhood socioeconomic position indicators, except for the place of childhood residence, affected the adulthood health status even after adjustment for the adulthood socioeconomic position. The effect of intergenerational social mobility was also statistically significant even after adjusting for the adulthood socioeconomic position, but it became insignificant when the childhood socioeconomic position was additionally adjusted for. Conclusions: Adulthood health is indeed affected by both the childhood and adulthood socioeconomic positions as well as intergenerational social mobility. This result shows that a life course approach needs to be adopted when dealing with health issues.

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.25-36
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• 2020

Purpose: Based on previous researches on social factors of digital item purchase in digital contents distribution platforms such as SNS, we aim to develop the integrated model that accounts for the dynamic and interactive relationship between social structure indicators and digital item purchase. Research design, data and methodology: A PVAR model was used to capture endogenous and dynamic relationships between digital item purchase and network indicators. Results: We find that there exist considerable endogenous and dynamic relationships between digital item purchase and network structure variables. Not only lagged in-degree and out-degree but also in-closeness and out-closeness centrality have significant and positive impacts on digital item purchase. Lagged clustering has a significant and negative effect on digital item purchase. Lagged purchase has a significant and positive impact just on the present in-closeness and out-closeness centrality; but there is no significant effect of lagged purchase on the other two degree variables and clustering coefficient. We also find that both closeness centralities have much higher carryover effect on digital item purchase and that the elasticity of both closeness centralities on the purchase of digital items is even higher than that of other network structure variables. Conclusions: In-closeness and out-closeness are the most influential factors among social structure variables of this study on digital item purchase.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing Administration
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.162-171
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• 2010

Purpose: Nursing home quality indicators have been focused widely on result outcomes, not for the environment in that quality of service are delivered, This study aimed to examine structural factors influencing quality management activities in nursing homes. Method: Sample was 170 nursing homes responded to the survey questionnaire which was distributed to the 543 nursing homes nation-wide, Data were collected on structural characteristics, types of services, and quality management activities, Data were analyzed with the descriptive statistics, Pearson correlations, and multiple regression. Result: Most of the nursing homes were operated as free of charge by the social welfare ownership. Average number of residents was 52.1 with severe and mild dementia and bedridden status, In terms of quality management activities, 34% of the sample had CQI committee that focused their activities on services delivery process, performance appraisal, record keeping regularly. 30.6% of quality management activities were accounted for by the number of residents with dementia, the ratio of RN to residents, rehabilitation services, and social wefare services in nursing homes. Conclusion: We recommend that more comprehensive quality management activities should be developed as process quality indicators in conjunction with the outcome indicators.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.89-104
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• 1990

This study was a succession of the paper of Reference 1), and was an attempt to quantify the Level of Need of Living through the relation bet ween Ds(Degree of Sufficietncy) and Di(Degree of Importance). The relation formula was: Level of Need of Living=Di×(5-Ds)＋Di×lrl. From the caculated values, some indicators of highest and lowest Level of Need of Living could be cleared and by them the Level of Consumers' Life and Conciousness could be presumed. The main results are as follows. 1. The Level of Need of Living that the indicators of the equity of income allocations, social mobility, judicial equality, and residential amenity showed was the highest, and that of the life of planned expenditure, the development of transportation, the longevity, an the high level of education was the lowest. 2. The rural residents showed the highest Level of Need on the indicators of medical care, culture and basic living expenditures. 3. The higher the perception of social class and the satisfaction of living was, the lower the Level of Need Living was. 4. In general, it was presumed that the Level of Consumer's Life was in the term of sufficiency of the second need, which durable electric consume products were purchased under the intended conciousness of consumers to be as like as others.

• Journal of Korean Society of Rural Planning
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.69-78
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• 2012

Korean population has been rapidly aging. Most of people regard the aging population as future crisis due to the rate of change and agree to prepare for a soft-landing on aging society in South Korea. Particularly, the aging population growth in rural areas is much faster than urban areas. Also rural areas relatively have poorer social and economic conditions so the countermeasures for population aging considering related social and economic indices are required. Moreover, each rural region has the different preparedness level for rural aging based on regional socio-economic characteristics. In this study, we analyzed correlations of the rural aging rate and local characteristics and developed an evaluation index to show the regional preparedness status for rural aging. To test the applicability of developed indicators, we applied them to 161 rural regions and assessed regional preparedness level for rural aging. This study would provide basic data for establishing policies for rural aging.

• Safety and Health at Work
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.314-321
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• 2020

Background: Occupational accidents occur for a variety of reasons, such as unsafe behaviors of workers and insufficient safety equipment at the workplace, but there are also various economic and social factors that can impact working conditions and working environment. This study analyzed the relationship between changes in economic factors and the occurrence of occupational accidents in Korea. Methods: Multilinear regression analysis was used as the analysis model. The general to specific method was also used, which consecutively removes statistically insignificant variables from a general model that includes dependent variables and lagged variables of dependent variables. Results: The frequency of occupational accidents was found to have a statistically significant relationship to economic indicators. The monthly number of cases of occupational injury and disease and fatal occupational injuries were found to be closely related to manufacturing capacity utilization, differences in the production index in the services sector, and commencements of building construction. The increase in equipment investment indicators was found to reduce fatal occupational injuries. Conclusion: The results of this study may be used to develop occupational accident trends or leading indicators, which in turn can be used by organizations that manage and monitor occupational accidents toward taking administrative action designed to reduce occupational accidents. The results also imply that short-term and mid- to long-term economic and social changes that can impact workers, workplaces and working conditions, and workplace organizations must be taken into account if more effective government policies are to be established and implemented toward further prevention of occupational accidents.

• Journal of the Korean housing association
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.43-55
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• 2011

The purpose this study is to develop indicators that measure the healthy housing condition of multi-family housing. The major findings are as follow: first, healthy housing was defined by physical, mental, social, and management aspects and proposed the conceptual model of hierarchy structure of evaluation of healthy housing by literature reviews. Second, evaluating items were selected based on literature reviews of existing indicators and preceding studies about both domestic and overseas multi-family housing. The evaluating indicators were identified as a total of 87 evaluating items which were composed of four dimensions and 16 attributes on the basis of the conceptual model. They cover comprehensive scope of the multi-family housing such as unit, building, complex, and site. Third, as the measurement, the 5-point ordinal scale measure was suggested. The evaluating measurement including measure standards, measure methods, and measure contents were developed by each evaluating items. Lastly, the weighting of evaluating indicators was developed by AHP method conducted by survey of an expert group. Items were identified as high contributors or low contributors. The weighting of these items could suggest several evaluations according to the situation. The level of healthy housing condition may be evaluated by both total evaluation and a specific field of evaluation.

• Journal of Information Science Theory and Practice
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.54-67
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• 2021

This paper presents the ISRI (Information Systems Research Indicators) Web tool, publicly and freely available at isri.sciencesphere.org. Targeting Information Systems (IS) researchers, it compiles and organizes IS adoption and use theories/models, constructs, and indicators (measuring variables) available in the scientific literature. Aiming to support the IS theory development process, the purpose of ISRI is to gather and systematize information on research indicators to help researchers and practitioners' work. The tool currently covers eleven theories/models: DeLone and McLean's IS Success Model (D&M ISS); Diffusion of Innovations Theory (DOI); Motivational Model (MM); Social Cognitive Theory (SCT); Task-Technology Fit (TTF); Technology Acceptance Model (TAM); Technology-Organization-Environment Framework (TOE); Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB); Decomposed Theory of Planned Behavior (DTPB); Theory of Reasoned Action (TRA); and Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT). It also includes currently over 400 constructs, nearly 2,500 indicators, and about 60 application contexts related to the models. For the creation of the tool's database, nearly 580 references were used.