• Korean Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.143-154
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• 2011

The purpose of this study was to examine consumers' ability to distinguish advertorial and editorial about consumer information. The data were collected between June, 28 and July, 2 in 2010 through the Internet surveys. Total of 603 respondents were included in the analysis. The findings are follows as: First, consumers showed better ability to discern advertorial than ability to discern editorial. It implied that editorials could be considered as advertorial rather than advertorial could be considered as editorials. Second, it seems likely that rather than executional cues such as format and source information, the types of products/services were used as source cues among consumers. Third, consumers tend to prefer 'consumer information', 'advertorial' and 'advertisement' among 10 given advertising labels. In Conclusion, to prevent misleading potentials of advertorial and editorials, standardized advertising label should be used and notify consumers of advertising label.

• Journal of Fashion Business
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• v.26 no.6
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• pp.116-132
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• 2022

Fashion marketing activity performed by social media influencers (SMIs) has grown exponentially in the past years. Research regarding their marketing power is often discussed in the context of sponsorship disclosure, in order to overcome obstacles of impending regulations that may endanger the authenticity SMIs are perceived to have compared to traditional marketing agents. Upon recent heterogeneous findings, a netnographic approach was taken to examine the actual sponsored posts of SMIs on Instagram. Based on two representative cases that received media coverage, a qualitative analysis of 1,058 comments on Instagram showed customer inspiration and informational social influence regardless of sponsorship disclosures present. Regarding customer inspiration, high frequency of comments including choice imitation intentions was observed. Under certain conditions, customer responses were focused on the SMI's expertise irrespective from the brand being endorsed. Findings show future implications from both an academic and industry-focused perspective for future potential of SMIs in fashion marketing.

• Asian Journal of Business Environment
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.31-38
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• 2018

Purpose - This study aimed to verify some cues for invigorating sales of mobile social commerce companies by analyzing differences in consumers' perceptions on characteristics of mobile commerce, after applying the step 1 of strategy deduction approach using the differences in their perceptions. Research design, data, and methodology - Efficient questionnaires of a total of 365 respondents who answered the questions about the importance of and the satisfaction with 14 characteristics of social commerce were returned, and then, paired-samples t-test and IPA by all respondents, gender, age and incomes were conducted. Results - The analysis showed that a maintenance/reinforcement strategies planned by companies are required for some factors including discount rate at the first quadrant, while active improvement strategies are required for others including reliability and interactivity at the second quadrant. Conclusions - The findings show that different marketing strategies should be established for each consumer who often uses mobile social commerce, and that more effective and efficient performance of mobile social commerce may be acquired by establishing and operating active improvement strategies.

• English Language & Literature Teaching
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.273-290
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• 2011

This paper presents a case study involving one Korean primary school student and people around him in order to explore the reading process in English of a young Korean EFL learner and to investigate the social context in which his reading takes place. Six participants were included in the study (one primary school student and five adult participants). The student participant was asked to read a text in English and translate what he read into Korean and the teacher participants were asked to listen to the student's reading. Semi-structured interview was used to collect data from the student as well as five adult participants (his private tutor, his parent, his state school teacher, and two other state school teachers). The analysis reveals four characteristics of the way a young EFL learner approaches reading: word-by-word reading, disconnected word recognition, selective use of cues, and lack of awareness of difficulties. The four characteristics of Kilsu's reading suggest that reading can become a wild guessing game for young foreign learners, if they give selective attention to unimportant cues while reading. The pedagogical implications of this study are also discussed to help teachers designing reading lessons for young learners.

• Korean Journal of Culture and Social Issue
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.1-22
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• 2005

Purposes of this study was as following; What differences do subjective indicators of deception detection according to high and low stake situations? Does groups difference appear in beliefs about deception cues? Is what differences between objective indicators and subjective indicators of deceptions? Participants of this study were consisted of university students, prison officers, prisoners. They completed a questionnaire concerning beliefs about 21 verbal and nonverbal behaviours in high/low-stake situations. For each behaviour, they were asked to rate on a seven-point scale how are these behaviours changed comparing to normal times. The results were that subjective indicators of deception were no differences between high-stake and low-stake situations, and no differences among groups. Also, it appeared that the subjective indicators of deception were substantly different from the objective indicators of deception.

• Korean Journal of Child Studies
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• v.37 no.4
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• pp.69-81
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• 2016

Objective: The literature on participant roles in bullying lacks empirical evidence to explicate what differentiates latent participation. The purpose of the present study was to examine social cognition in early adolescents (i.e., empathy, prosocial moral reasoning, and perceived group norm) with latent participants of bullying. Methods: The participants included 279 adolescents (129 girls; M age = 13.5 years) in two middle schools. Results: The result showed that empathy, prosocial moral reasoning, and perceived group norm were possible determinants of latent bullying. First, high levels of empathy (especially empathic concern and perspective taking) was associated with latent defenders. Second, helping decision of prosocial moral dilemma and prosocial moral reasoning were associated with complex situational cues. Third, latent reinforcer positively indentified the group norm with regard to bullying. Conclusion: The results are discussed in terms of practical implications for anti-bullying programs and educational practitioners.

• Korean Journal of Culture and Social Issue
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.101-114
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• 2006

This study was examined the effective nonverbal behavior cues of detecting suspects' lies in the investigation scene. In order to search the suspects who drank the alcohol liquor without a permission, 18 soldiers were interviewed. 8 solders had drunken alcohol and had lied when was asked(lie group). The other 10 soldiers hadn't drunken alcohol and had told the truth(truth group). The mean frequencies of nonverbal behaviors were compared lie group with truth group. The following behaviors were measured by frequency: vocal characteristics (high pitch of voice, speech hesitations, speech error, frequency of pauses, period of pauses, latency period), facial characteristics (gaze, smile, touching face, blinking, facial micro-expression), body movement (illustrators, hand and finger movement, leg and foot movement, head movement, trunk movement, shifting position). As results, this study found that deception cues were periods and frequencies of pause, micro-expression, head movements. The lie group had less periods and frequencies of pause, and more micro-expression, head movements than truth group. But, this study didn't found Othello's error cues.

• Journal of the Korean Society of School Health
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• v.37 no.1
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• pp.1-11
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• 2024

Purpose: The purpose of the study was to conduct a descriptive survey to examine the knowledge, infection prevention behaviors, and health beliefs regarding COVID-19 and to identify factors that influence infection prevention behaviors in elementary and middle school students based on the Health Belief Model. Methods: The study included 388 elementary and middle school students in Seoul, Gyeonggi, and Jeonbuk provinces. Data were collected from September 1 to September 15, 2023. The questionnaire consisted of 10 questions about COVID-19 knowledge, 13 questions about infection prevention behaviors, and 15 questions about health beliefs. The collected data were subjected to multiple hierarchical regression analyses. The cronbach's α of infection prevention behaviors was 0.83, the KR-20 of COVID-19 related knowledge was 0.68, and the Cronbach's α of COVID-19 related health beliefs was 0. 78. Results: In Model 1, females showed higher levels of infection prevention behaviors than males (β=.14, p=.006) and middle school students showed lower levels of infection prevention behaviors than elementary school students (β=-.10, p=.037). In Model 2, among COVID-19-related health beliefs, barriers had a significant negative effect on infection prevention behaviors (β=-.20, p<.001) and cues to action had a significant positive effect on infection prevention behaviors (β=.14, p=.037), indicating that lower barriers and higher cues to action were associated with higher levels of infection prevention behaviors. Conclusion: The results showed that prevention behaviors were associated with lower barriers and higher cues to action among COVID-19 health beliefs. Elementary and middle school students in Korea spend a lot of time in groups at private academies or school, which are closed spaces with poor ventilation, making them vulnerable to new infectious diseases such as COVID-19. Unlike adults, infectious diseases can have serious impact on their mental and social health. Therefore, it is necessary for schools to provide accurate and timely health education about COVID-19 to increase cues to action for elementary and middle school students in order to improve their infection prevention behaviors.

• International Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.87-102
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• 2013

This study investigated residents' preferences for spatial features of sitting areas in assisted living facilities, and provides recommendations for planning sitting areas to support residents' spatial preferences and social interaction. The study participants were 69 residents of eight assisted living facilities (30+ resident capacity), located in south central Texas. A photographic comparison method was used, in which residents were shown 20 matched pairs of photos, with a single feature digitally modified in each pair, and asked to select which environmental representation they preferred. The hypothesized spatial characteristics were identified in practice based literature as those that may encourage usage of sitting areas: viewability, variety, homelikeness, and privacy. Most of the hypothesized features were preferred by participants, with the highest preference found for non-institutional furniture arrangements and naturalness, followed by increasing enclosure and variety of seating. Preference was less significant for domestic cues such as carpeted floors, divided light windows, and boundaries defined by different colored material or columns, possibly due to their physical impairments or preference for visual openness. Participants' level of mobility assistance was significantly related to their preference for some features, such as seating with people-watching capability, and carpeted floors. The findings have implications for facility architects and administrators engaged in resident-oriented spatial planning.

• Korean Journal of English Language and Linguistics
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• v.3 no.3
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• pp.453-497
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• 2003

The purpose of this study is to investigate social aspects of young EFL learners' interaction at the computer. Data were taken from the interactions of three pairs of fourth-grade primary school children who worked together on English learning software. Their interactions at the computer were videotaped and then all the talk produced by the students and the utterances emitted from the computer were transcribed. As for the analytical tools, the notion of ‘contextualization cues’ (Gumperz, 1982) and the concept of ‘positioning’ (Davies & Harre,1990) were employed. The analysis reveals that the roles of the students were not tied to a certain position, but rather dynamically changed during the course of interactive work according to the situation at hand. The dynamic changes in their positions were realized through various means; their capability in solving problems, their taking responsibility or assigning it to each other, or cooperation. There were also instances of peer teaching and motivated learning. In addition, the students showed autonomy in their learning activity. These findings suggest that both students in a dyad had their own place in performing task activities, contributing to solving problems and getting benefits from peer interaction. Furthermore, students' working together on English learning software may provide an environment which can promote cooperative attitude and responsibility for learning and enhance motivation and autonomy in their learning process.