• Korean Journal of Occupational Health Nursing
• /
• v.18 no.2
• /
• pp.141-152
• /
• 2009

Purpose: The purpose of this research was to describe the decision making of nurses in a VIP ward. Method: The methodology of collecting and analyzing the data was based on the grounded theory of Strauss and Corbin (1998). The data were collected through an in-depth interview, which were audio-taped and transcribed. The data were collected from 10 nurses from July to November 2007. Results: The core category on VIP ward nurses' decision making was named as "adjusting with flexibility and deepened insight". The causal condition was established by 'the patients who wanted to be treated specially'. The contextual conditions included 'caring patients from various departments', 'differences depending on the nurses' clinical experience', and 'client-centered atmosphere in the VIP ward'. The intervening conditions included 'problem solving styles of nurses', 'attitudes of patients and family members', 'nurse-doctor relationships', and 'accessibility to information'. It was confirmed that nurses changed their action-interaction strategies depending on the intervening conditions, thus resulted in the nurses' role conflict and the need to expand their consciousness. Conclusion: The result of this study indicates that nurse's decision making depends on their experiences and the nature of social context in which nursing occurs.

• Women's Health Nursing
• /
• v.14 no.1
• /
• pp.44-55
• /
• 2008

Purpose: This study was done to assess the personal experiences of the coping process during pregnancy for single mothers. Methods: The participants were 17 single mothers who had stayed in a social welfare facility. Data was collected with an in-depth unstructured interview. Data analysis was done by the grounded theory method. Results: One-hundred twelve concepts and 49 sub-categories were confirmed in the analysis. The sub-categories were grouped into 19 categories; escape from a miserable family, wrong meeting, openness of sex, defenseless state of pregnancy, inevitable result of pregnancy, heartbreak by herself, closure, isolation, difficult situation of being alone, stigma, supporting & protecting, helplessness, seeking, empowering, feeling of loss, conflict, facing issues, assuring a fresh start and becoming-mature. "Being driven over the edge of a cliff" was the key phenomenon which the single mothers experienced during the process of pregnancy. Conclusion: The above results will help nurses assessing single pregnancy mothers' needs and developing a nursing intervention program for supporting them. Therefore, nurses will be able to stop them from "being driven over the edge of cliff". A more vigorous nursing intervention is suggested for the research of the vulnerable classes of medical health care including single pregnant mothers.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
• /
• v.27 no.2
• /
• pp.315-328
• /
• 1997

The purpose of this study was to explore the process of smoking behavior of college women with a history of smoking. The subject were 48 female students selected by theoretical sampling from a womens' university in Korea. The data were collected by in-depth interviews using audiotape recordings done over a period of seven months. The data were analyzed simultaneously by a constant comparative method in which new data were continuously coded into categories and properties according to strauss and corbin's methodology. Analysis of the data resulted in identification of 15 categories representing 34 concepts. The results of this study were as follows : 1. Smoking in college women is caused by either curiosity or antagonism toward male smokers 2. The meaning(phenomena) of smoking behavior in college women is justifiable or regretable 3. Smoking occurs in connection with eating, during period of psychological conflict or as an habitual practice 4. Smoking behavior is related to the perception of harmfulness to health, influence of others and the accessability of cigarettes. 5. College women experinced a change in their state of health, emotional relaxation, change in their social relationships It is suggested that the results of this study may contribute to the development of strategies for the purpose of decreasing smoking behavior among female college students.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
• /
• v.47 no.5
• /
• pp.589-599
• /
• 2017

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to develop a scale to assess the transition shock experienced by newly graduated nurses, and test the validity and reliability of the scale. Methods: The initial items were identified through a review of literature and in-depth interviews with nine newly graduated nurses. Content validation of the items was evaluated by five nurse professors and three nurses. Participants were 269 newly graduated nurses who worked at six acute care hospitals in Busan, Ulsan, and Yangsan, South Korea. Data were analyzed using item analysis, exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis, criterion related validity, and internal consistency. Results: The final scale consisted of 18 items and six factors (conflict between theory and practice, overwhelming workload, loss of social support, shrinking relationship with co-workers, confusion in professional nursing values, and incongruity in work and personal life), which explained 71.3% of the total variance. The six subscale model was validated by confirmatory factor analysis. Cronbach's alpha for the total items was. 89. Convergent validity was evaluated by analyzing total correlation with burnout (r=.71, p<.001) and turnover intention (t=5.84, p<.001). Conclusion: This scale can be used in the development of nursing interventions to reduce the transition shock experienced by newly graduated nurses.

• Korean Journal of Occupational Health Nursing
• /
• v.31 no.4
• /
• pp.187-197
• /
• 2022

Background: This study explores the pathways of nurse turnover in long-term care hospitals (LTCHs) and its underlying conditions in Korea. Although the factors of staying or leaving of nurses in LTCHs have been reported, few studies have examined the trajectory and conditions of nurses staying in and leaving LTCHs. Methods: A qualitative study design with a grounded theory approach was conducted. Data were collected in one-to-one interviews. Purposive and theoretical sampling led to the inclusion of 20 registered nurses from 15 LTCHs in South Korea. Results: Seeking work-life balance was the core category of the nurses' turnover pathway. The consequences of the nurses' turnover pathway were categorized into three groups: thriving, surviving, and leaving. Thriving nurses found meaning in their work, fostered good relationships, and saw opportunities for growth. Surviving nurses were enduring their jobs in LTCHs, having a work-life balance, and supportive nursing leaders. Leaving group nurses wished to leave LTCHs due to a lack of professional growth, unappealing work, continued conflict, and social stigma. Conclusion: This study provided the trajectory and conditions for nurses to enter, stay, move, or leave. Understanding the pathways for staying or leaving can be used as a strategy for successful retention of registered nurses in LTCHs.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
• /
• v.10 no.2
• /
• pp.169-177
• /
• 1999

Human being can be defined in several ways. These are biological, psychological, social and religious, ethical and philosophical aspects. The first two viewpoints refers to the intrapersonal aspects and the last two viewpoints deals with the interpersonal aspects. There have been numerous thoeries and hypotheses to explain the human behavior and psychopathology, but the author does not find any theory or hypothesis to integrate the biological and psychological viewpoints. In addition, The author does not find any theory to integrate the intrapersonal and interpersonal aspects in interpersonal relationships. Thus, the author proposed one model to explain the human behavior. In proposing this theory, the author has the following hypotheses：1) All human being can not exist by oneself. 2) The ultimate goal of all human being is to achieve 'Survival'. 3) There are four kinds of survivals and they are biological, psychological, social and religious, ethical and philosophical survivals. 4) Power and control are two prerequisites for survival and there are four kinds of power and control. 5) The four elements of power and control are biological, psychological, internal and external ones. 6) The conflict between buman being can also be explained in terms of power, control and survival. 7) Normality and abnormality of human behavior can be explained in terms of the harmony and balance among the powers and controls.

• Korean Journal of Social Welfare
• /
• v.59 no.1
• /
• pp.87-116
• /
• 2007

The purpose of this study is to identify the adaptation experience of foster children. This qualitative research was conducted through in-depth interview of 8 foster children in and over 4th grade. In data analysis of this qualitative study, the grounded theory suggested by Strauss and Corbin(1998) was used. The raw data collected from in-depth interview with the participants were analyzed in open coding, through theoretically sensitive and constant comparisons method. As a result, total 11 categories, 30 subcategories and 96 concepts were generated. In summary, the casual condition that caused the core phenomenon was 'family stability collapse'. The core phenomenon that foster children experience during the process of adaptation was 'marginalization'. The contextual condition that affected the outcome was 'cultural shock' and 'loyalty conflict.' The intervening condition that promote or restrain the action/interaction on core phenomenon were, 'support system', 'resilience menifestation', 'negative predestination'. The action/interaction strategy on core phenomenon were 'will to power' and 'pursuing moral superiority'. As a result, two concepts, 'mechanical adaptation to foster care environment' and 'active formation' of foster care environment' were assumed.

• Korean Journal of Heritage: History & Science
• /
• v.56 no.4
• /
• pp.248-267
• /
• 2023

Cultural heritage teaching and learning, which uses cultural heritage as educational content, has not been sufficiently analyzed and studied based on clear educational theories so far. Among educational theories, constructivism is a theory in which learning is a process of constructing learning contents determined by learners' individual experiences and interests, and the result is evaluated as a confirmation of whether or not they have the ability to carry out the process. Cultural heritage is a lively and interesting social and cultural product, and it is an educational content that has sufficient educational function and meaning for a textbook. It is considered to be a very meaningful study to apply the constructivist educational theory to the educational contents of cultural heritage with these characteristics. Based on this awareness of the problem, this study examined the characteristics and principles of constructivist teaching and learning, the characteristics of cultural heritage, and the principles of constructivist teaching and learning on a theoretical basis. In addition, from the perspective of constructivism, the current cultural heritage teaching and learning was analyzed and problems were derived. Based on this, the direction of cultural heritage teaching and learning is that the cultural heritage teaching and learning process should be learner-centered, the teaching and learning principle should be cognitive conflict, the teaching and learning content should be in the form of task solving, and teaching and learning activities should be cooperative. presented. In addition, an example of a program was presented to specifically show the actual state of teaching and learning of cultural assets from the perspective of constructivism. Cultural heritage teaching and learning research from the perspective of constructivism will be an opportunity to discover new meanings of cultural heritage that we have not yet found, and it will also serve as an opportunity to present and establish the direction of cultural heritage teaching and learning, which has been barren until now.

• 한국사회복지학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 2004.04a
• /
• pp.705-731
• /
• 2004

This study is to be used for research material for pastoral counseling, by analyzing grounded-theoretically how substance abusers' awareness of self and experience of relations affects problems in abusing drugs. The subject of this study was chosen as 9 prisoners who were able to participate in group counseling, among those who were in prison for substance abuse and had more than 6 months of penal servitude left. In addition, in order to indicate counseling research methods through this study, 12 group counselings were carried out during October 24th. 2002 and February 14th. 2003 and verbatim were written out to be used as original material. After the research material was analyzed, they could be categorized into 60 concepts on the whole from 'conflict' and 'constraining thinking' to 'rationalization' and 'avoidance'. When these concepts were organized into groups of similarity, there were all together 20 categories. From this study, it can be found that substance abusers had "problems about self" and "problems about relations". The factor which affected their use of drugs was the area of relations, where as henceforth their use of drugs, the situation in which they could not escape from the use of substances was affected by problems within the area of self. When facing such problems as substance abuse, the pastoral counselor must create a holding environment through counseling, and perform good enough mothering by being insightful and providing active support on the problem. They must also help one's growth into "an empathizing self", "an accepting self", "a trusting self", "a hopeful self", who can empathize, accept, trust and hope, through experience in separation from the problem, conversion, meta-communication, self-rumination, relations and inspiration of hope. Likewise, the church must be able to act as a "place of growth and skill" which aids in the forming of relations and helps to be aware of self through experience in, and understanding of, relations.

• Research in Community and Public Health Nursing
• /
• v.11 no.2
• /
• pp.347-357
• /
• 2000

The purspose of this study is to examine the undergraduate students' attitudes, salient beliefs, perceived self-control and intentions for moderate drinking behavior of their own. Two hundred and twenty five students in two universities in Seoul and Suwon participated in this study. Questionnaires developed by this investigator under the guidance of the theory of planned behavior were used to collect data, Descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA. Pearson correlation coefficients. and multiple regression were used to analyze the data. The majority of the students showed positive attitudes toward the moderate drinking behavior. Students perceived conflict messages. however. from their significant others about their moderate drinking behavior. While parents and other family members as sisters and brothers strongly supported the moderate drinking behavior of students, friends and school-mates did not. More than half of the students did not intend to reduce their alcohol consumption in the near future. Students' attitudes and perceived self-control were the predictor variables of the intention while subjective norms were not. Students who intended to reduce their alcohol consumption showed a more positive attitude, subjective norm, and higher perceived self-control scores than who did not. These students who were intent for moderate drinking behavior spent less money for drinking, had less opportunities to drink, and drank small amounts of alcohol Moderate Drinking Behavior programs focusing on students who were heavy drinkers, however, did not intend to reduce their alcohol consumption should be developed focused on their characters. Programs for students who intended to reduce their alcohol consumption also recommended to help the students' positive intention continued.