• 접착 및 계면
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.87-95
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• 2019

본 연구에서는 볏짚/재활용폴리에틸렌 복합재료의 굴곡특성과 충격강도에 미치는 볏짚의 알칼리처리 영향을 조사하였다. 알칼리처리는 여러 가지 수산화나트륨(NaOH) 농도에서 두 가지 다른 방법으로 수행되었다. 한 가지는 정적인 soaking 방법이고, 다른 하나는 동적인 shaking 방법이다. 복합 재료는 이축압출공정으로 제조된 볏짚/재활용폴리에틸렌 펠렛을 사용하여 압축성형기술로 제조하였다. 결과는 알칼리처리 방법과 농도에 크게 의존하였다. Shaking 방법의 경우 1 wt%의 낮은 NaOH 농도에서 가장 우수한 굴곡과 충격 특성이 나타난 반면, soaking 방법의 경우에는 10 wt%의 높은 농도에서 가장 우수한 특성이 나타났다. 이러한 결과는 복합재료의 섬유-매트릭스 계면결합 현상에 의해 정성적으로 뒷받침되었다. 상기 가장 높은 물성을 갖는 두 경우 사이의 물성은 상호 비견할 만한 수준이었다. 본 연구는 10 wt% 또는 그 이상의 높은 농도의 NaOH를 사용하기보다 1wt%의 낮은 농도가 복합재료의 굴곡 및 충격 특성 향상을 위한 천연섬유의 알칼리처리에 적용될 수 있음을 제시하고 있다. 알칼리처리가 환경에 미치는 우려를 고려할 때, shaking 방법의 사용이 바람직할 수 있다.

• 한국응용곤충학회지
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• 제32권1호
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• pp.105-114
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• 1993

Series of studies were conducted to establish biological and chemical control method for Meloidogyne spp to medical herbs by applied of nematophagous fungi, Arthrobotrys spp, Fusarium spp, and egg parastic fungi, Paecilomyces lilacinus were applied for root-knot nematodes on medicinal herbs, Paeonia albiflora, Codonopsis lanceolata, Cnidium officinale. The results are as follow. In pot experiments, The no. of root gall and egg mass and larvae of Cnidium officinale. The results are as follow. In pot experiments. The no. of root gall and egg mass and larvae of Cnidium officinale, Codonopsis lanceolata, Paeonia japonica lowered in P. Lilacinus treated plots compare to untreated control plots. But A. thaumasia F. oxysporum treated plots were less effective. Effect of egg parasitic fungi and chemical treatment at divided root of Paeonia japonica after sterilized in pot were increased in the fresh weight, root weight, control effect in P. lilacinus treated plots as chemical, Carbo G treated plots compare to untreted control plots. I field experiment, the number of root gall, egg mass and nematode density of Paeonia were also suppressed in P. lilacinus treated plots. It was very effective continuous 2 years and transplanting time on Paeonia japonica infested soil with the M. hapla in field in both region, Chillgok and Euisung treated P. lilacinus as chemical treated plots. Soaking effect of insecticide for Paeonia japonica at diving shoot before transplating in pot were effective for 12hours immersion into 1,000 ppm of Benlate T + Mep Ec, Benlate T + Fenthion EC in pot and field Experiment. In the Examination of fungi activily on P.japonica field 1 year after soil treatment, Number of spore of P. lilacinus were 1,000~1,300 in 3 region except Euisung.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• 제36권5호
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• pp.476-490
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• 2020

The parasitic weed, Orobanche crenata, is one of the most devastating constraint for faba bean production in Mediterranean regions. Plant host defense induction was reported as one of the most appropriate control methods in many crops. The aim of this study was to elucidate the effect of salicylic acid (SA) and indole acetic acid (IAA) on the induction of faba bean resistance to O. crenata under the field and controlled experimental conditions. Both hormones were tested on two contrasting faba bean genotypes: Giza 843 (partially resistant to O. crenata) and Lobab (susceptible) at three different application methods (seed soaking, foliar spray, and the combination of both seed soaking and foliar spray). Soaking seeds in SA or IAA provided the highest protection levels reaching ~75% compared to the untreated control plants. Both elicitors limited the chlorophyll content decrease caused by O. crenata infestation and increased phenolic compound production in host plants. Phenylalanine ammonia lyase, peroxidase, and polyphenol oxidase activities were stimulated in the host plant roots especially in the susceptible genotype Lobab. The magnitude of induction was more obvious in infested than in non-infested plants. Histological study revealed that both SA and IAA decreased the number of attached O. crenata spikes which could be related to specific defense responses in the host plant roots.

• 한국식품영양학회지
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• 제31권5호
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• pp.737-750
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• 2018

Effects of acid soaking (AS) and thermal sterilization (TS) on the shape and quality characteristics of Tteokbokki rice cake (TRC) were investigated. The F-value of a sequential process (SP) of the combination of AS and TS was quantitatively determined with a reference microorganism of Bacillus cereus. F-values were evaluated according to the minimum and the maximum D-value of B. cereus and the reduction exponent (m=12). The heat penetration curves at cold point (CP) of TRC (400 g) were used to estimate the TS time at 121, 100, and $95^{\circ}C$. F-values of the SP were revised according to the adjusted m values after AS at different pH. The non-uniformity parameters (NUP) of TRC had no significant changes during AS but it dramatically increased after applying TS at a low pH by AS. The result of solubilized starch contents (SSC) demonstrated that the shape changes during SP are related to SSC. The texture characteristics and the whiteness were significantly influenced by a low pH condition (3.5) (p<0.05). Sensory analysis showed that a lower pH and a longer thermal processing time influenced negatively on the acceptability. This study showed that pH 4.0 and $95^{\circ}C$ was an optimum condition for the SP.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제35권1호
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• pp.1-9
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• 1990

땅콩의 종실체내 Gibberellin 및 IAA를 처리 침투시켜 Hormone의 활성을 자극시키므로서 배자의 발육을 촉진시키고 호분층내에 있는 e-amylase의 분필기능을 촉진시켜 땅콩의 발아상태를 호전시키고 초기 개화수 확보에 의한 결협상태를 개선코자 온실에서 서둔땅콩을 공시하고 약제처리는 GA$_3$ 10, 50, 100ppm과 IAA 50, 100, 200ppm 용액에 24시간 침지후 파종하였으며 출현 및 개화 그리고 수량구성 요소를 조사한 바 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 1. 출현요소 일수는 GA$_3$50ppm과 IAA 200ppm에서 모두 2일이 소요되었으며 무처리의 7일에 비하면 5일이 단축되었다. 2. 개화수를 보면 개화기까지는 GA$_3$ 및 IAA의 모든 처리구에서 무처리보다 11-17일이 단축되는 경향이 있으며 IAA 100ppm 처리의 경우 17일이 단축되었다. 3. 경시적 누적 개화수에서는 GA$_3$, IAA 처리 모두 개화후 30일까지 볼 때 초기 개화수가 현저히 증가되었으며 특히 IAA 100ppm 처리시 64화에 비하면 무처리의 경우 21화에 불과하였다. 4. IAA 100ppm 처리구에서는 주경장, 분지장, 주경절수 등이 어느 처리 농도에서도 지상부 생육이 양호하였으며 무처리 보다는 월등한 생육 차이를 보였다. 5. IAA 및 GA$_3$ 모두 100ppm 처리구에서 완숙입비율이 주당 협실중 및 중실중에서도 무처리에 비하여 각각 증가되는 경향이 있다.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제27권2호
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• pp.210-215
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• 1995

발효주를 제조하고 증류하여 알코올 농도가 25, 35 및 45%로 조절된 침출액을 만들고 여기에 사삼, 길경, 작약, 당귀, 황기, 천궁 등의 약초를 넣어 75일 동안 침출시키면서 침출기간에 따른 알코올 농도, pH, 흡광도 그리고 작약의 peoniflorin과 당귀의 decursin을 분석하였으며, 최종 침출주의 품질을 관능검사로 평가하였다. 알코올 농도는 침출 15일째 빠르게 감소하였지만 pH는 증가하였으며, 그 이후에는 모두 완만한 감소를 보였다. 알코올 농도는 약초의 종류와 침출액의 알코올 농도에 따라 많은 영향을 받았는데 당귀와 침출액의 알코올 농도가 낮을 때 그 영향이 크게 나타났다. 작약과 당귀의 지표성분인 peoniflorin과 decursin은 최고 농도까지 증가하였다가 감소하였다. 관능검사 결과 전체적인 품질은 알코올 농도 45%로 침출시킨 침출주가 가장 좋았으며, 사삼, 작약, 천궁, 황기 순이었다.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• 제28권3호
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• pp.188-195
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• 2002

The purpose of this investigation was to evaluate the relationship between the hydration time of demineralized freeze-dried bone (DFDB) and early new bone formation in rat calvarial defects filled with DFDB. Rats (n = 43) were divided into 4 experimental groups. Standard, transosseous circular defects of the calvaria were made midparietally. In experimental group 1, the defect was grafted immediately after soaking the DFDB. In experimental group 2, the defects were grafted with DFDB after soaking the DFDB for 10 minutes. In experimental groups 3 and 4, the defects were filled after soaking the DFDB for 30 and 60 minutes, respectively. Graft sites were analyzed histologically after healing periods of 1, 2, or 4 weeks. Each group showed similar bone regeneration at each time point by histological analysis. The results of this study were as follows: 1. After 1 week, a significant amount of inflammation, granulation tissue, and edema were found. A small amount of bone was seen, but the amount of bone did not differ between groups. 2. After 2 weeks, a small amount of new bone formation and DFDB resorption were observed. 3. After 4 weeks, a greater amount of new bone formation was observed. The greatest amount of bone formation occurred in experimental group 4 after 4 weeks. We conclude that the hydration time of DFDB does not affect new bone formation and that it is very important to control inflammation in bone grafting.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• 제26권4호
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• pp.372-379
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• 2010

Macrophomina phaseolina causing charcoal rot was isolated from sesame seeds (cvs. Giza 32 and Shandawel-3) collected from different localities of Assiut, Sohage and El-Minia Governorates. The fungus was found in the highest frequently in samples collected from Assiut Governorate followed by Sohag and finally EL Minia Governorate. The obtained isolates were different in their virulence on the tested sesame cvs. Also, they differed in their growth nature including colony color and sclerotial production. The color of colonies of the pathogen seem to be correlated with density of sclerotial formation. Aqueous extracts of Majorna, Wild chamomile, Geranium oil and Nees plants were highly toxic to tested isolates of M. phaseolina, in vitro. On the other hand the rest of the tested aqueous extracts had no effect. Under greenhouse conditions in 2005 and 2006 seasons, soaking seeds of sesame before sowing in aqueous extracts of Eucalyptus, Nerium, Ocimum and Roesmary plants decreased the disease incidence. Aqueous extracts of Eucalyptus and Ocimum were the most effective treatment. Dipping sesame seeds in hot water at $60^{\circ}C$ for 5 minutes increased seed germination of Giza 32 and Shandawel-3 cvs. followed by $55^{\circ}C$, $50^{\circ}C$ and $45^{\circ}C$, while $40^{\circ}C$ treatment resulted the lowest seed germination rate. Dipping sesame seeds in hot water at different temperature before planting decreased seed, seedling and charcoal rots. Soaking seeds in hot water at $60^{\circ}C$ increased greatly plant height and decreased seed, seedling rot and charcoal rot followed by $55^{\circ}C$ and $50^{\circ}C$, under greenhouse condition.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• 제40권1호
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• pp.53-59
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• 2012

This study used pine wilt disease damaged trees as raw materials. The damaged woods were subjected to soaking treatment using wood vinegar, nematicide and sea water, fumigated treatment using fumigation, and the bending strength and hardness of the timber were measured at different points of time after the treatment. In soaking treatment, the highest bending strength was obtained from wood vinegar (100 fold dilution)-soaked specimens of Pinus densiflora and the nematicide-soaked specimens of Pinus thunbergii. The highest hardness in cross section was gained from the nematicide-soaked specimens of Pinus densiflora and Pinus thunbergii, the highest hardness in radial section was obtained from the nematicide-soaked specimens of Pinus densiflora and wood vinegar (100 fold dilution)-soaked specimens of Pinus thunbergii, and the highest hardness in tangential section was obtained from the nematicide-soaked specimens of Pinus densiflora and Pinus thunbergii, and there were not significantly different among the treatments. When fumigated treatment was applied, bending strength, hardness was somewhat lower in the control but were not significantly different between the treatments.

• 한국정밀공학회지
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.173-181
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• 1994

A Cold spot temperature control system for the batch annealing furnace has been estabilished in order to reduce energy consumption to improve productivity and stabilize the propertics of products. Therefore we confirmed a relation between annealing cycle time and atmospheric gas, variation of coil cold spot temperature with time during heating and actual temperature measurements at mid-width of each coil during heating and actual temperature measurements at mid-width of each coil during soaking. The results of the tempaeature variation effect on the batch annealing are as follows. 1) Heating time is reduced to one half with increasing atmospheric gas flow rate and changing of atmospheric gas component from HNx to Ax gas, and annealing cycle time is reduced to 2.7 times. 2) In case of short time healing, the slowest heating part is the center of B coil, in case of long time heating, the low temperature point moves from the center of coil to inside coil. And the temperature in this part is higher than other parts when cooling. When finished heating, the cold spot is located 1/3 of coil inside in case of HNx atmospheric gas. But center of coil in case of Ax atmospheric gas. 3) The outside of top coil is the highest temperature point when heating, which becomes the lowest temperature point when cooling. So, this point becomes high temperature zone at heating and low temperature zone at cooling, It has relation according to atmospheric gas component and flow rate. 4) Soaking time at batch annealing cycle determination is made a decision by the input coil width, and soaking time for quality homogenization of 1214mm width coil must be 2.5 hours longer than that of 914mm width coil for the same ciol weight. 5) Annealing cycle time with Ax atmospheric gas is extended 1 hour in of slow cooling during 5 hours in order to avoid rapid cooling.