• 대한치과교정학회지
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.177-191
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• 1982

The study was performed to establish the cephalometric standards of Hellman dental age III B, IV A, IV C groups of the age of puberty and to aid for the case analysis and diagnosis of malocclusion. A roentgenocephalometric study was made from 365 subjects, that consist of 162 males, 203 females with normal occlusion, acceptable profile and no history of orthodontic and prosthodontic treatment. The results of this study were obtained as follows: 1. The tables of standards from the measurements by age, sex group were made. 2. All linear measurements of skeletal pattern in male were greater than in females. 3. The Bjork's sum was reduced gradually by aging in group I $396^{\circ}$, group II $395^{\circ}$, and group III $393^{\circ}$. 4. Posterior facial height to anterior facial height was 63% in group I, 64% group II, and 67% in group III. 5. The angulation of SNA and SNB were $81^{\circ}$ & $78^{\circ}$ in group I, $81^{\circ}$ & $78^{\circ}$ in group II, and $82^{\circ}$ & $79^{\circ}$ in group III.

• 대한치과교정학회지
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• 제45권5호
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• pp.226-235
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• 2015

Objective: The purpose of this retrospective study was to investigate short-term and long-term skeletodental outcomes of Class III activator treatment. Methods: A Class III activator treatment group (AG) comprised of 22 patients (9 boys, 13 girls) was compared with a Class III control group (CG) comprised of 17 patients (6 boys, 11 girls). The total treatment period was divided into three stages; the initial stage (T1), the post-activator treatment or post-mandibular growth peak stage (T2), and the long-term follow-up stage (T3). Cephalometric changes were evaluated statistically via the Mann-Whitney U-test and the Friedman test. Results: The AG exhibited significant increases in the SNA angle, ANB angle, Wits appraisal, A point-N perpendicular, Convexity of A point, and proclination of the maxillary incisors, from T1 to T2. In the long-term follow-up (T1-T3), the AG exhibited significantly greater increases in the ANB angle, Wits appraisal, and Convexity of A point than the CG. Conclusions: Favorable skeletal outcomes induced during the Class III activator treatment period were generally maintained until the long-term follow-up period of the post-mandibular growth peak stage.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• 제26권4호
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• pp.369-376
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• 2001

Objectives : The purposes of the study was to evaluate cephalometric characteristics in snorers and patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and to see any relationships between the cephalometric measurements and respiratory disturbance indices (RDI). Materials and Methods : Twelve snoring patients, 11 patients with OSA, and 10 normal subjects were included for the study. After taking a screening sleep study for a night to obtain RDI, $SaO_2$, and snoring index, a detailed cephalometric analysis was conducted to obtain SNA, SNB, SN-MP, IAS, MAS, SPAS, SAAS, Mn-H, and PNS-P. All the data were compared between groups. For a group including 12 snoring patients and 11 OSA patients, correlation coefficients were calculated between respiratory disturbance index and each item of cephalometric measurements. Results : The mandible and the maxilla are retropositioned. The oropharyngeal and hypopharyngeal airway is reduced in area and is a factor that could produce or enhance OSA symptoms. The hyoid bone is displaced inferiorly. The soft palate is significantly elongated. Conclusions : These data suggest that cephalometric evaluation could be useful to evaluate snoring and OSA patients, and to assist with the planning treatment for improvement of upper airway patency.

• 디지털산업정보학회논문지
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• 제12권4호
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• pp.163-169
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• 2016

This study is to analyze factors affecting a growth of online community with perspectives of social network. Particularly this study tries to explore structural phenomenon built by interactions between users in a certain of free board belonging to the online community, in which focuses on one's writing a comments responding on those of others. With using SNA(Social Network Analysis), the social network data calculated from users' interaction shown as their comments were collected to draw out each individual's centrality value representing the structure of the online community and also we estimated duration time and the number of each comments as a proxy variable representing growth of the online community. And then cause-and-effect relationship between individual's centrality value and the duration time and the number of each comment were analyzed. As a result of the analysis, Core-Periphery, Centralization and Reciprocity have significant effects on the duration time and the number of each comment, therefore those significant values representing online structure will give an implication to manage, to promote the online community, to forecast its evolution path and to build critical policies.

• 농촌계획
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• 제23권3호
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• pp.1-12
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• 2017

The purpose of this study is to reveal network potential among agricultural villages focused on landscape and amenity resources. For this study, we conducted Social Network Analysis (SNA) utilizing existing landscape resource database. As a result of the study, major landscape types shared among villages were found for each city. For example, agricultural and residential landscapes were identified as major types for Danjin city. Add to major landscape resources, in Dangjin city, Habduk village were recognized as a core. Seokmun, Daehoji, Woogang, and Sunseong villages were widely found as the sub core group. For Seosan city, Jigok, Palbong, and Kobuk villages were widely recognized as core group. Most of villages which indicated the highest degree centrality were superior in terms of the number of total landscape resources as well as landscape type diversity. These results can be useful for initial planning process when considering major theme for landscape-based network organization. Also, this information will be helpful for planning stage through the specification of the potential role of each village in overall network.

• 치과방사선
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.39-50
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• 1984

The aim of this study was to evaluate the dentofacial relationship of the Korean adult females who had excellent profile using roentgenocephalometry. The subjects were 35 females from 19 to 24 years of age selected among the professional models, beauty contest winners and performing stars. And, as the control group, 37 females from 18 to 23 years of age with normal occlusion and acceptable profile were selected. In both groups, each variable was measured and evaluated statistically introducing 24 reference points, 22 reference lines and 17 reference angles respectively. Conclusions from this study were as follows; 1. There was no significant difference between the two groups. But SNA and convexity angle which had indicated the maxillary protrusion were lesser in the professional models, beauty contest winners and performing stars than in ~he control group. 2. In the professional models, beauty contest winners and performing stars, the maxillary and mandibular incisors were more upright than in the control group. 3. The protrusion of the upper and lower lip was lesser in the professional models, beauty contest winners and performing stars than in the control group. 4. Professional models, beauty contest winners and performing stars revealed more straight profile than the control group and were similar to that of the Caucasian. 5. Generally, it was the tendency that the straight profile was accepted as esthetics.

• 대한치과교정학회지
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.175-188
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• 1988

The purposes of the present study were to describe the vortical and anteroposterior facial dysplasia, and to identify morphologic differences associated with various facial patterns. Anteroposterior dysplasia was classified by traditional Angle's malocclusion classification and according to vertical relationships based on the SN-MP angle, facial pattern was subclassified to 3 vertical groups in each malocclusion group. Each vertical group composed of 20 samples and total 180 samples aged from 9 to 14 years. The results were as follows; 1. The skeletal differences that lead to disportionate lower facial height in vortical and anteroposterior facial dysplasia were closely related to mandibular morphology. 2. Hyperdivergent group, compared with hypodivergent group, demonstrated decrease of SNA and SNB and linguoversion of maxillary and mandibular central incisors in all malocclusion groups. 3. Irrespective of rotation of the jaws, Wits appraisal was a useful measurement in evaluation of relative anteroposterior relationship of maxilla and mandible. 4. As SN-MP angle increased, anterior facial height, especially lower anterior facial height, demonstrated significant increase and intermaxillary space also tended to increase. 5. The correlation coefficients of SN-MP angle and PTFH/ATFH demonstrated the highest value in all malocclusion groups.

• 한국균학회지
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• 제48권2호
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• pp.87-93
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• 2020

A fungal strain designated KNU-WDM2A2 was isolated from mosquitoes in Gimcheon, Korea. The pure culture was transferred to potato dextrose agar (PDA) and synthetic nutrient agar (SNA) media and attained a diameter of 90 mm after 10 days of incubation at 25℃. The colonies were whitish to light pink and cottony to wooly, with an abundant production of aerial mycelia. The strain produced hyaline to slightly yellowish conidiophores that were rough-walled and branched, with conidiogenous cells arising terminally or laterally. Conidia were unicellular, hyaline to light brown, smooth, and oval or ovoid to clavate, with a size of 4.1-6.9×2.5-3.3 ㎛ (n=65). A phylogenetic analysis was conducted using the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) regions and 28S rDNA of large subunit (LSU) sequences, to support the cultural and morphological characteristics. The KNU-WDM2A2 strain was identified here as Biscogniauxia petrensis, new to Korea.

• 한국디지털건축인테리어학회논문집
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.15-23
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• 2012

Today, rapid changes in technologies and everyday lives due to the Internet make it is difficult to make predictions about the future. Generally, the best way to predict the future has been proposed by experts. Although expert opinions are very important, they are liable to produce incorrect results due to human error, insufficient information regarding future outcomes and a state of connectedness between people, among other reasons. One of the ways to reduce these mistakes is to provide objective information to the experts. There are many studies that focus on the collection of objective material from papers, patents, reports and the Internet, among other sources. This research paper seeks to develop a forecasting method using World Wide Web search results according to the Google search engine and a network analysis, which is generally used to analyze a social network analysis(SNA). In particular, this paper provides a method to analyze a complexity network and to discover important technologies in the construction field. This approach may make it possible to enhance the overall performance of forecasting method and help us understand the complex system.

• 한국IT서비스학회지
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• 제14권3호
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• pp.49-65
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• 2015

As South Korean large business groups, also known as Chaebol, have broadened their influence in the domestic economy, it is important to analyze the influence of internal transactions among Chaebol affiliates on their performance. In this paper, relationship between internal transactions and efficiency of Chaebol affiliates has been analyzed. Top five Chaebol groups in South Korea are selected; they include Samsung, Hyundai Motors, LG, SK, and Lotte group. Based on internal transactions among affiliates, social networks are constructed for each Chaebol group to analyze centrality, network structures and cliques. Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) was conducted to examine the efficiency of the Chaebol affiliates. Then, correlations between the degree centrality and the efficiency of Chaebol affiliates were analyzed, and the network structures of Chaebol groups are presented. The result shows that positive correlations between degree centrality and efficiency are observed among four Chaebol Groups. This paper shows that the Social Network Analysis (SNA) techniques can be used in the empirical research for the analysis of internal transactions of Chaebol groups.