• 한국전산구조공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국전산구조공학회 2008년도 정기 학술대회
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• pp.172-176
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• 2008

In this paper, three dimensional linear conforming variable-finite elements are presented with the aid of a smoothed integration (a class of stabilized conforming nodal integration), for mnltiscale mechanics problems. These elements meet the desirable properties of an interpolation such as the Kronecker delta condition, the partition of unity condition and the positiveness of interpolation function. The necessary condition of linear exactness is fully relaxed by employing the smoothed integration, which renders us to meet the linear exactness in a straightforward manner. This novel element description extend the category of the conventional finite elements space to ration type function space and give the flexibility on the number of nodes of element which are fixed in the conventional finite elements. Several examples are provided to show the convergence and the accuracy of the proposed elements, and to demonstrate their potential with emphasis on the multiscale mechanics problems such as global/local analysis, nonmatching contact problems, and modeling of composite material with defects.

• Interaction and multiscale mechanics
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• 제1권3호
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• pp.339-355
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• 2008

A Galerkin meshfree method is presented for analyzing shear deformable cylindrical panels. Based upon the analogy between the cylindrical panel and the curved beam a pure bending mode for cylindrical panel is rationally constructed. The meshfree approximation employed herein is characterized by an enhanced moving least square or reproducing kernel basis function that can exactly represent the pure bending mode and thus meets the requirement of Kirchhoff mode reproducing condition. The variational form is discretized using the efficient stabilized conforming nodal integration with a smoothed nodal gradient based curvature. The resulting meshfree formulation satisfies the integration constraint for bending exactness. Moreover, it is shown here that the smoothed gradient preserves several desired properties which are valid for the standard gradient obtained by direct differentiation, such as partition of nullity and reproduction of a constant strain field. The efficacy of the proposed approach is demonstrated by two benchmark cylindrical panel examples.

• 제어로봇시스템학회논문지
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• 제7권12호
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• pp.1015-1023
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• 2001

error behaviour can be considered as a linear combination of low amplitude random noise and abrupt jumps. The reason of jump appearance can be explained by the semi-shading effects(buildings, trees), jamming, high dynamic of vehicle and so on. This study describes the stand-alone GPS error jump smoothing algorithm which is developed based on the scalar adaptive filter. The algorithm consists of the coarse jump smoothing and the fine jump smoothing. On the coarse smoothing step, GPS velocities or position differences are used as the measurement for the scalar adaptive filter. The purpose of adaptive filter is to smooth the jump errors. The coarse positions are detennined by the integration of smoothed velocities. On the fine smoothing step, the differences between GPS positions and the coarse positions are smoothed by another scalar adaptive filter. The reason of fine smoothing is based on the facts that smoothing accuracy depends on the variance ofusefuJ signa\. The coarse smoothing which deal with the difference of positions provides the rough error removing. So the coarse smoothed velocities can have much more low amplitude than the raw ones. The fine smoothing procedure provides high quality of filtering process. Simulation results show the efficiency of proposed scheme.

• Interaction and multiscale mechanics
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.107-125
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• 2013

A strain smoothing meshfree formulation with stabilized conforming nodal integration is presented for modeling the consolidation process in saturated porous media. In the present method, nodal strain smoothing is consistently introduced into the meshfree approximation of strain and pore pressure gradient variables associated with the saturated porous media. Meanwhile, in order to achieve a consistent numerical implementation, a smoothing approximation of the meshfree shape function within a nodal representative domain is also proposed in the stiffness construction. The resulting discrete system of equations is all expressed in smoothed nodal measures that are very efficient for numerical evaluation. Subsequently the space-time fully discrete equations are further established by the generalized trapezoidal rule for time integration. The effectiveness of the proposed meshfree consolidation analysis method is systematically illustrated by several benchmark problems.

• 한국전산구조공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국전산구조공학회 2002년도 가을 학술발표회 논문집
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• pp.615-622
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• 2002

In this paper, the modification of double projection method for the adaptive analysis of Element-free Galerkin(EFG) method were proposed. As results of the double projection method, the smoothed error profile that is adequate for adaptive analysis was obtained by re-projection of error that means the differences of EFG stress and projected stress. However, it was found that the efficiency of double projection method is degraded as increase of the numerical integration order. Since, the iterative refinement to single step error estimation made the same effect as increasing of integration order, the application of the iterative refinement base on double projection method could be produced the inadequately refined analysis model. To overcome this defect, a modified scheme of double projection were proposed. In the numerical example, the results did not show degradation of double projection effect in iterative refinement and the efficiency of proposed scheme were proved.

• Investigative Magnetic Resonance Imaging
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.1-9
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• 2015

Purpose: Several morphometric studies have been performed to investigate brain abnormalities in congenitally deaf people. But no report exists concerning structural brain abnormalities in congenitally deaf adolescents. We evaluated the regional volume changes in gray matter (GM) using voxel-based morphometry (VBM) in congenitally deaf adolescents. Materials and Methods: A VBM8 methodology was applied to the T1-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans of eight congenitally deaf adolescents (mean age, 15.6 years) and nine adolescents with normal hearing. All MRI scans were normalized to a template and then segmented, modulated, and smoothed. Smoothed GM data were tested statistically using analysis of covariance (controlled for age, gender, and intracranial cavity volume). Results: The mean values of age, gender, total volumes of GM, and total intracranial volume did not differ between the two groups. In the auditory centers, the left anterior Heschl's gyrus and both inferior colliculi showed decreased regional GM volume in the congenitally deaf adolescents. The GM volumes of the lingual gyri, nuclei accumbens, and left posterior thalamic reticular nucleus in the midbrain were also decreased. Conclusions: The results of the present study suggest that early deprivation of auditory stimulation in congenitally deaf adolescents might have caused significant underdevelopment of the auditory cortex (left Heschl's gyrus), subcortical auditory structures (inferior colliculi), auditory gain controllers (nucleus accumbens and thalamic reticular nucleus), and multisensory integration areas (inferior colliculi and lingual gyri). These defects might be related to the absence of general auditory perception, the auditory gating system of thalamocortical transmission, and failure in the maturation of the auditory-to-limbic connection and the auditorysomatosensory-visual interconnection.

• 대한토목학회논문집
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• 제28권3B호
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• pp.261-270
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• 2008

최근 진행된 정밀 수치해석 기법의 비약적인 발전에도 불구하고 SPH 등과 같은 고급수치기법의 수자원 분야에서의 활용은 그리 활발해 보이지 않는다. 대규모 수계를 대상으로 한 flood routing의 경우 비선형 천수방정식으로 대표되는 depth averaged approach가 효과적이나 정밀한 범람고 예단에는 오류가 야기될 수 있다. 본 고에서는 SPH 수치해석 기법의 수자원 분야로의 적용가능성을 모색하기 위해 비교적 수리모형실험자료가 풍부한 제체붕괴로 인한 수리현상을 수치모의하였다 (Martin과 Moyce, 1952). 보다 완벽한 검증을 위해 수로에 장애물이 거치된 경우 (Koshizuka 등, 1995), 수문의 갑작스런 개방으로 인한 수로에서의 수리현상 (Janosi 등, 2004) 등 점진적으로 난이도를 높여 수치모의를 수행하였다. 동수역학 모형 방정식으로는 Navier-Stokes 방정식, 동수역학의 수치적 적분에는 Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics 기법을 채택하였다. 모의 결과 본 고에서의 수치모의가 기존에 선호되던 VOF, MAC의 수치 기법에 비해 우월한 결과를 보였다.

• 한국전산유체공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국전산유체공학회 2002년도 추계 학술대회논문집
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• pp.47-52
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• 2002

We present an improved Lagrangian vortex method in 2-D incompressible unsteady viscous flows, which is based on a mesh-free integral approach of the velocity-vorticity formulation. Vorticity fields are represented by discrete vortex blobs that are updated by the Lagrangian vorticity transport with the particle strength exchange scheme. Velocity fields are expressed in a form of the Helmholtz decomposition, which are calculated by a fast algorithm of the Biot-Savart integration with a smoothed kernel and by a well-established panel method. No-slip condition is enforced through viscous diffusion of vorticity from a solid body into field. The vorticity flux is determined in such a way that spurious slip velocity vanishes. Through the comparison with the existing finite volume scheme for the transient vortical flows around an impulsively started cylinder at Reynolds number Re=550, we would obtain a more accurate scheme for vortex methods in complicated flows.

• 대한토목학회논문집
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• 제28권5B호
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• pp.559-573
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• 2008

Navier-Stokes식, Gaussian 분포형 용출함수를 이용한 내부조파, energy absorbing layer로 삼차원 파랑모형을 새롭게 구성하였다. Navier-Stokes식의 수치적분에는 정교한 수치기법인 SPH(Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics)가 활용된다. 제안된 파랑모형의 검증은 삼차원 포물형 용기에서의 sloshing현상과 Thacker(1981)의 해석해를 토대로 수행되었다. 초기 수면 형상이 Gaussian hump인 경우와 일방향으로 경사진 경우에 대해 수치모의 하였다. 수치모의 결과 수면이 융기되도록 구속한 외부조건이 해제되면서 시작되는 자유진동의 정성적 거동은 비교적 정확히 모의되었으나 시간이 경과될수록 위상차, 침수선이 퇴각하는 등 초기 수면과는 상당히 다른 결과를 보였다. 최종적인 검증은 쐐기모양 해안에서의 비선형 천수, 굴절거동의 수치모의를 토대로 진행되었다. 수치모의 결과 굴절되는 양이 Hamiltonian ray theory가 제공하는 수치보다 전반적으로 작게 나타났다. 이러한 현상은 이상유체와 선형 이론에 기초한 Hamiltonian ray theory에서 간과된 비선형성, 점성으로 인한 양안과 저면에서의 에너지 감쇄, 쇄파 과정에 유동계에 도입되는 에너지 감쇄, 선행파랑에 의한 down-rush와 조우시 발생하는 도수 등에 기인하는 것으로 판단된다.

• Interaction and multiscale mechanics
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.237-255
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• 2013

In this paper, a meshfree-enriched finite element method (ME-FEM) is introduced for the large deformation analysis of nonlinear path-dependent problems involving contact. In linear ME-FEM, the element formulation is established by introducing a meshfree convex approximation into the linear triangular element in 2D and linear tetrahedron element in 3D along with an enriched meshfree node. In nonlinear formulation, the area-weighted smoothing scheme for deformation gradient is then developed in conjunction with the meshfree-enriched element interpolation functions to yield a discrete divergence-free property at the integration points, which is essential to enhance the stress calculation in the stage of plastic deformation. A modified variational formulation using the smoothed deformation gradient is developed for path-dependent material analysis. In the industrial metal forming problems, the mortar contact algorithm is implemented in the explicit formulation. Since the meshfree-enriched element shape functions are constructed using the meshfree convex approximation, they pose the desired Kronecker-delta property at the element edge thus requires no special treatments in the enforcement of essential boundary condition as well as the contact conditions. As a result, this approach can be easily incorporated into a conventional displacement-based finite element code. Two elasto-plastic problems are studied and the numerical results indicated that ME-FEM is capable of delivering a volumetric locking-free and pressure oscillation-free solutions for the large deformation problems in metal forming analysis.