• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.678-687
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• 1996

Smoking is considered to be one of the important risk factors associated with various health problems. Thirty seven million people in America quit smoking in the past decade, with 90% quitting on their own(Americal Heart Association, 1986). According to McAlister(1975), 70% of smokers reported that they adopted a self-help smoking cessation approach rather than a formal treatment program. In our country, although, auccessful exsmokers have used, are not available, concerns about smoking cessation have increased, recently, due to changes in social and political attitudes to health promotion. This study was conducted to help smokers who had made a decision to adopt a self-helf smoking cessation approach instead of depending on a formal treatment program. It provided a structurd way for sucessful smoking cessation by identifying change mechanism factors which have been commonly used by smokers. The subjects selected for this study were 155 university students between 20 and 29. Years of age the results from the analysis of the collected data showed that seven factors in the self-help change processes significant, and they are named, Stimulus Control, Self-Determination, Information Management, Reinforcement Management, Helpful Relationships, Dramatic Relief, and Cognitive Restructuring. All of the factors except Self-Determination represent the same change mechanisms which are proposed by Prochaska et at.(1988). Self-Determination uniformly includes items belonging to various change processes. Therefore, it might be an transitional factor including strategies related to both cognitive and behavioral dimensions. In spite of this, noted that one item which gives meaning of Self-Determination shows the highest factor loading, it is named Self-Determination.

• Journal of East-West Nursing Research
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.141-149
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• 2009

Purpose: This study investigates the level of expectancy, cognition, and work condition among smokers with respect to the smoking cessation clinics. Methods: The study participants included over 503 smokers aged 30 yr and in five districts of G city. The researcher and assistants personally visited homes and workplaces of the participants between November 20 and November 30, 2008 for the survey. Results: The subjects learned to smoke from their friends and started smoking when they were 15 out of curiosity. They smoked more than one cigarette every day. With respect to cognition, 67.5% of the subjects had no intention to utilize smoking cessation clinics, and 71.7% were unaware of their benefits. Those with a high level of cognition regarding smoking cessation clinics were generally in their 60s, married, residents in the Southern and Western Districts, service or technical workers, and hikers. The expectancy for the clinic was high among those who were married, Catholics, and golfers. Conclusions: The results suggest that smoking cessation may be achieved by increasing the level of cognition and expectancy among smokers. In this regard, providing information and implementing positive publicity campaigns targeting families, Places of worship, and workplaces may be beneficial.

• Journal of Korean society of Dental Hygiene
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.455-465
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• 2021

Objectives: This study was conducted to investigate dental hygienists' knowledge of smoking, attitudes toward tobacco cessation, and tobacco cessation education activities, which will serve as fundamental data for developing an effective tobacco cessation education program for dental hygienists. Methods: From 2020-08-17 to 2020-09-05, 184 dental hygienists working at dental clinics and hospitals in Gwangju and Jeollanam-do were surveyed. We performed t-tests, ANOVA, Pearson's correlation analysis, and multiple regression analyses. Results: Dental hygienists' smoking-related knowledge, expert attitudes toward tobacco cessation, and tobacco cessation education activities were all high in tobacco cessation education (p<0.05). According to the analysis of the dental hygienists' knowledge of smoking, attitude toward smoking, and correlation of tobacco cessation education activities, there was a significant amount of correlation (p<0.01). According to the analysis of factors affecting dental hygienists' tobacco cessation education activities, expert attitudes towards tobacco cessation (𝛽=0.434, p<0.001), tobacco cessation materials (𝛽=0.160, p=0.009), experience in tobacco cessation education while attending school (𝛽=0.152, p=0.010), and attitudes toward tobacco cessation (p<0.05) were statistically significant. Conclusions: The results of this study are utilized as fundamental data to develop an effective tobacco cessation education program, factoring in dental hygienists' attitudes toward tobacco cessation.

• Journal of dental hygiene science
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.77-82
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• 2013

The purpose of this study was to examine the subjective awareness of smoker patients about the preparation of smoking cessation plans in an effort to lay the foundation for smoking cessation policy setting. The subjects were the selected patients at a dental clinic. A self-administered survey was conducted to grasp their personal characteristics, and the selected answer sheets from 236 respondents were analyzed. The findings of the study were as follows: 1. As for the extension of existing smoking cessation plans, the largest group (32.6%) preferred smoking cessation education, followed by smoking cessation counseling (28.8%), prescription of an smoking cessation aid (18.6%). 2. Concerning the necessity of a smoking cessation law, the men and the women respectively gave 2.37 and 3.00 to that, and the gender gap was significant. The patients had a significantly different opinion on the necessity of a rise in tobacco price according to their occupation and monthly mean household income, and their took a significantly different view of the necessity of smoking cessation counseling according to their residential area. 3. As a result of analyzing the correlation between their on effective smoking cessation policies and the related variables, all the variables had a statistically significant correlation to each other. 4. As a result of analyzing their opinions on what institution should be in charge of smoking cessation plans, the biggest group answered that dental clinics should be responsible for smoking cessation-aid prescription (50.0%), and the largest group replied that smoking cessation education and smoking cessation counseling should respectively be provided by public dental clinics (37.3%) and dental clinics (44.1%).The above-mentioned findings suggest that the preparation of new smoking cessation measures and the extension of existing smoking cessation plans are urgently required, and that dentists and dental hygienists should make a concerted effort to offer counseling and education to stimulate dental patients to abstain from smoking.

• Journal of Korean Library and Information Science Society
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• v.52 no.1
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• pp.279-300
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• 2021

The present study aimed to investigate the information needs and information seeking behavior of consumers who attempted to quit or maintain the ceasing of smoking and analyze the effects of the health information obtained at different stages. In particular, we examined how consumers use mobile health applications(health apps) as aids to change unhealthy behaviors and how their use of health apps influence health behavior changes. For 7 months from December 2017 to July 2018, the researchers observed changes in smoking behaviors of college students who use smoking-cessation apps and conducted face-to-face interviews. Regarding the effects of smoking-cessation apps, the participants in the action stage reported that they were encouraged to quit smoking by visualized information such as the number of days of smoking cessation, change of health status, and the saving of money due to smoking cessation. The participants in the maintenance stage highlighted that smoking cessation apps were helpful in recognizing the importance and achievement of smoking cessation by sharing experiences and social support with other attempters in the app community. The study provided theoretical implications in the field of information behavior in that it identified the particular types of information needs and information-seeking behavior of the consumers who were using mobile apps in their behavior modification process. In addition, those findings can contribute to designing the contents of the smoking cessation apps that reflect the information needs of those who attempt to cease smoking and further suggest practical insights to health information services that promote effective information intervention strategies in health behavior change.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.50 no.3
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• pp.177-187
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• 2017

Objectives: Medical students represent a primary target for tobacco cessation training. This study assessed the prevalence of medical students' tobacco use, attitudes, clinical skills, and tobacco-related curricula in two countries, the US and Italy, with known baseline disparities in hopes of identifying potential corrective interventions. Methods: From September to December 2013, medical students enrolled at the University of Bologna and at Brown University were recruited via email to answer survey questions assessing the prevalence of medical students' tobacco use, attitudes and clinical skills related to patients' smoking, and elements of medical school curricula related to tobacco use. Results: Of the 449 medical students enrolled at Brown and the 1426 enrolled at Bologna, 174 Brown students (38.7%) and 527 Bologna students (36.9%) participated in this study. Italian students were more likely to smoke (29.5% vs. 6.1%; p<0.001) and less likely to receive smoking cessation training (9.4% vs. 80.3%; p<0.001) than their American counterparts, even though the majority of students in both countries desired smoking cessation training (98.6% at Brown, 85.4% at Bologna; p<0.001). Additionally, negative beliefs regarding tobacco usage, the absence of formal training in smoking cessation counseling, and a negative interest in receiving specific training on smoking cessation were associated with a higher risk of not investigating a patient's smoking status during a routine history and not offering tobacco cessation treatment to patients. Conclusions: Medical curricula on tobacco-related health hazards and on smoking cessation should be mandatory in order to reduce smoking among medical students, physicians, and patients, thereby improving tobacco-related global health.

• Korean Journal of Health Education and Promotion
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.137-151
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• 2004

Objectives： This study aims to investigate the psychological factors associated with abstention following a smoking cessation program, and to suggest useful information for those who want to stop . smoking and health practitioners who help them Methods： Participants were 73 smokers (65 males, 8 females) that participated in a hospitalized smoking cessation program, whose mean age was 44.89 (SD＝9.61). Participants completed questionnaires and psychological tests including： Demographic sheet, Eysenck's Personality Questionnaire, Multidimensional Coping Scale, Fagerstrom Test for Nicotine Dependence, and Jerusalem and Schwarzer's Self-Efficacy Scale. To identify whether the subjects abstained or not and to encourage them to abstain, the researcher called them on the telephone once a week for three months. After three months, they were contacted every other week till six months passed since they had left the smoking cessation program Tthey were THEN contacted once a month for another six months. The data was analyzed by using ANCOVAs with SPSS 10.0 for Windows. Results： 42 (57.5％) out of 73 abstained for one month and 26 (35.6％) abstained for one year. People who failed to abstain within a month showed a higher psychoticism and introversion personality trait than those who abstained for one month, while people who abstained for one month were coping actively in most situations, showed a higher self-efficacy and lower nicotine dependence than those who failed to abstain within a month, and people who failed to abstain within a year showed a higher psychoticism than those who abstained for one year. While people who abstained for one year were coping actively, obstinate, and interpreting positively most situations, they showed a higher self-efficacy than those who failed to abstain within a year. Conclusion： These findings reiterate the roles of personality, self-esteem, nicotine dependence in smoking and suggest the roles for smoking cessation. And it was found the roles of coping styles ,in smoking cessation. It might help smokers who want to stop smoking and health practitioners who help them

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.13 no.10
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• pp.4653-4659
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• 2012

This study was performed to investigate the factors related failure in continuity of smoking cessation among persons who were initially successful in quitting smoking for at least 6 months in smoking cessation clinic of public health center. Data were collected with the telephone questionnaire survey and the registered cards from 347 of 6 months quitters from 2006 to 2008 year. Data were analyzed by life table method and Cox-proportional hazard model. In Cox-proportional hazard model, Eup Myeon of residence(HR 2.50, 95% CI 1.69-3.68), without chronic diseases(HR 1.92, 95% CI 1.21-3.04), without another smoker in household(HR 1.93, 95% CI 1.21-3.09) and usage of supplement agent(HR 2.17, 95% CI 1.01-4.68) were independently associated with the failure in continuing to stay smoke-free. The cumulative rate of failure in the continuity of smoking cessation was 28.6% at 6 month and 36.1% at 24 month. For operating a clinic program for smoking cessation, Public health center should makes strategies that a person is continuing smoking cessation for over 6 months after the first 6 momth's smoking cessation.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.38 no.2
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• pp.204-216
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• 2008

Purpose: Meta-analysis of this study was to analyze the character of adolescent smoking cessation programs, to calculate the effect size according to variables and to compare the weighted mean effect sizes on adolescent smoking cessation programs in Korea. Methods: Twenty two studies for meta-analysis were selected from dissertations, theses, articles and research papers that had been published from 1995 to 2003. The selected studies had a randomized or nonequivalent control group in a pretest-post test design and had reported statistical value to calculate the effect size. Results: The mean number of sessions was 6.5. The education time per each session varied from 40 to 150 min and the most applied theories were Bandura's social-cognitive theory and the cognitive-behavioral theory. Smoking-knowledge, smoking-attitudes and smoking-amount showed high effects on the first post test after mediating adolescent smoking cessation programs according to the criteria of Cohen. The effect size of urine-cotinine found no homogeneity on the first post test, but it was significantly effective on the second post test. Conclusion: Adolescent smoking cessation programs analyzed in this study were relatively effective in smoking abstinence.

• Korean Journal of Adult Nursing
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.592-601
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• 2005

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate differences in smoking related characteristics and psychological features of coronary artery patients by the stages of change in smoking cessation behaviors. Method: Subjects for this survey were 97 patients who were smoking when doctors diagnosed them to have coronary artery diseases. Result: Subjects were distributed 21.6% in precontemplation stage, 24.7% in contemplation stage, 17.5% in preparation stage, 19.6% in action stage, and 16.5% in maintenance stage respectively. The numbers of previous attempts to quit smoking of subjects in precontemplation stage(mean=3.00, SD=3.71) and contemplation stage(mean=2.63, SD=2.32) were significantly lower than that of subjects in preparation stage(mean=5.82, SD=6.20). Benefit scores of subjects in maintenance stage were significantly greater than those of subjects in precontemplation stage. Self-efficacy, barriers, seriousness, and nicotine dependency were not significantly different by the stages of change. Number of signs and symptoms related to smoking which subjects were experiencing were not significant by the stages of change too. Conclusion: Future intervention programs for smoking cessation should be focused on the strategies to enhance the realization of health benefits that patients might acquire from smoking cessation.