• Health Policy and Management
• /
• v.27 no.4
• /
• pp.276-283
• /
• 2017

Background: Electronic cigarette (e-cigarette) has rapidly increased. Even though e-cigarettes are actually not smoking cessation alternative supplies, some people perceive them as smoking cessation alternative supplies. The purpose of this study is to identify the relationship between e-cigarette experiences and smoking cessation behaviors among Korean adults. Methods: Cross-sectional data was collected from 7,550 participants of Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey in 2014. A total of 867 participants who were current smokers were enrolled in this study. Multi-variable logistic regression analysis were performed to identify the relationship between the smoking cessation behavior and the e-cigarette experience. Results: The e-cigarette experience rate of current smokers was 22.1%. The e-cigarette experience rate was higher in groups with the higher income, the higher education level, and the white collar jobs. Smokers with experience of smoking cessation (odds ratio [OR], 3.03; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.67 to 5.76) and with intention to smoking cessation in the future (OR, 1.59; 95% CI, 1.05 to 2.43) were more likely to experience the e-cigarette. Especially, smokers who used smoking cessation alternative supplies were more likely to experience the e-cigarette than smokers who did not use it (OR, 2.87; 95% CI, 1.59 to 5.18). Conclusion: We confirmed that e-cigarette experiences were associated with smoking cessation experience, smoking cessation plan, and use of smoking cessation aid among smokers in Korea. Additional studies should be continued to confirm whether e-cigarette are continuously influencing the smoking cessation of current smokers in South Korea as one of the smoking cessation alternative supplies.

• Korean Journal of Health Education and Promotion
• /
• v.23 no.1
• /
• pp.1-22
• /
• 2006

Objecive and Method: Smoking among health professionals has been shown to influence smoking related knowledge, attitude and educational practices in medical setting. And lack of health professionals' efficacy for smoking cessation intervention has been a major barrier to education on smoking too. In this regard, the present study was carried out to introduce and discuss the advanced cases of smoking cessation education for health professionals, and to develop theory-based educational models of smoking cessation for health professionals in order to improve the effectiveness and efficiency of intervention on smoking in a medical framework. Results: First, major issues of health professionals' smoking cessation intervention were discussed. Discussed issues were smoking prevalence among health professionals, importance of health professionals' roles both as health educators and examples, and health professionals' cognitive dissonance. As advanced cases of smoking cessation education for health professionals, ATOD(Alcohol, Tabacco, and Other Drug problem prevention) developed by US Department of Health & Human Services and the Rx for Change curriculum in California State were discussed. Finally, smoking cessation educational models for health professionals were developed on the basis of social cognitive model and TPB/TTM. Conclusions: For the effective and efficient smoking cessation intervention in medical setting, systematic efforts would be necessary to provide opportunities for ensuring the qualification of health professionals on smoking cessation through an analysis of major issues concerning smoking cessation education for health professional and the development of comprehensive curriculum for smoking cessation.

• Journal of Society of Preventive Korean Medicine
• /
• v.22 no.2
• /
• pp.125-132
• /
• 2018

Objectives : This survey assessed Korean medical doctors' (KMDs') use and perception of smoking cessation therapies in traditional Korean medicine (TKM) and their drawbacks. Methods : A total of 14,485 KMDs affiliated with the Association of Korean Medicine were sent surveys via email. They were asked the use and perception of smoking cessation therapies in TKM and their drawbacks: Present use of Korean medicine treatment for smoking cessation, ideal treatment for smoking withdrawal symptoms, advantages and disadvantages of smoking cessation treatments in Korean medicine were asked with closed-ended questionnaire. Results : Two hundred fifty-three KMDs (1.75%) responded to the questionnaire. According to the results of the study, more than half of KMDs (51.4%) answered that they have practiced smoking cessation therapy. The most frequently used treatments for smoking cessation were ear acupuncture (EA) (74.6%) and acupuncture (15.4%), and the most of TKM doctors said that they were the most effective treatments. The advantages of smoking cessation treatment in TKM were the fewer adverse events (53.4%), availability to stimulate acupoints continuously in everyday life (48.2%), and the possibility of controlling withdrawal symptoms. Disadvantages included the long treatment duration and the necessity of frequent visits to the doctor. The greatest disadvantage was the lack of sufficient evidence for the effectiveness of TKM smoking cessation protocols. Conclusions : Despite of the low response rate, the survey results show that the main treatment modalities for smoking cessation are acupuncture, and this was also estimated effective for stop smoking. However, to improve smoking cessation rate, the more various smoking cessation treatments should be developed.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
• /
• v.35 no.2
• /
• pp.344-352
• /
• 2005

Purpose: This study was conducted to examine the relationship among health-related quality of life, smoking knowledge, smoking attitude, and smoking cessation intention in male smokers. Method: The subjects were 259 male smokers in J city. The data was collected using structured questionnaires from Nov. to Dec. of 2003. The data was analyzed by the SPSS (ver. 10.0)computer program, and it included descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA, the Pearson correlation coefficient, and Stepwise Multiple Regression. Result: The smoking cessation intention had a significant positive correlation among health-related quality of life (r=.159), smoking knowledge (r=.161), and smoking attitude (r=.127). These variables account for $26.8\%$ of smoking cessation intention. Conclusion: These results suggested that the smoking cessation program to enhance the health-related quality of life, smoking knowledge, and smoking cessation intention and to increase a negative influence on smoking attitude need to be developed. Therefore, these findings give useful information for constructing a smoking cessation program in male smokers.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
• /
• v.36 no.3
• /
• pp.271-278
• /
• 2003

Objectives : The purposes of this study were to assess the smoking status, knowledge and attitude related to smoking and smoking cessation activity of the physicians in a community, and to identify their predictors of smoking cessation activity. Method : All physicians employed by various health facilities in a community were surveyed using a structured questionnaire. Of the physicians surveyed,523 (69.6%) returned completed questionnaires. Results : The smoking rate of physicians was 29.3% (34.2% in males, 3.6% in females) and the knowledge and attitude scores to smoking were $22.5{\pm}2.4\;and\;65.4{\pm}0.9$, respectively. The self-efficacy score was $3.4{\pm}1.0$ and the smoking cessation activity score was $65.4{\pm}6.9$. The smoking cessation activity was statistically significant with working place, specialty, knowledge and attitude to smoking and self-efficacy. In stepwise multiple regression, smoking cessation activity was predicted by doctors' working place, specialty, attitudes related to smoking issues, and self-efficacy of counseling knowledge and stills. Conclusion : Physicians need to participate routinely and actively in smoking cessation activity. For doctors to effectively counsel and intervene in patients regarding smoking cessation, it is essential to integrate education un smoking cessation intervention into curricula in formal education and to offer continuing education including smoking cessation intervention.

• Research in Community and Public Health Nursing
• /
• v.22 no.2
• /
• pp.173-183
• /
• 2011

Purpose: This study was to compare the Transtheoretical Model components according to the stage of change in smoking cessation behavior and identify factors associated with preparation to quit smoking among college smokers. Methods: Data were collected from 224 undergraduate students using the self-report questionnaire. The survey variables comprised the stage of change in smoking cessation, self-efficacy, and decisional balance and process of change in smoking cessation. Results: There were significant differences in self-efficacy, cons of smoking, and the process of change according to the stage of change in smoking cessation behavior. Cons of smoking and self liberation were significant factors related to the preparation stage of smoking cessation. Conclusion: Strategies to enhance cons of smoking and self liberation in college smokers will be an important intervention component to prepare and plan smoking cessation in future studies.

• Korean Journal of Occupational Health Nursing
• /
• v.25 no.3
• /
• pp.168-176
• /
• 2016

Purpose: The purpose of this cross-sectional study was to describe smoking characteristics, and then to examine relationships between self-efficacy for smoking cessation and preparation of smoking cessation in service and sales woman employee with smoking in department stores. Methods: This study was a secondary data analysis carried by the smoking cessation support center. One hundred six employees smoking women participated from two department stores. Collected data were analyzed using SPSS 20.0 program. Descriptive statistics, t-test, one-way ANOVA along with $Scheff{\acute{e}}$ test, pearson correlation coefficients were used for statistics. Results: The study results have shown that the mean score of self-efficacy for smoking cessation $5.1{\pm}2.62$, preparation smoking cessation $4.0{\pm}2.89$. There was positive relation between self-efficacy for smoking cessation and preparation smoking cessation. Conclusion: Considering the findings from this study, there is a need to develop self-efficacy for smoking cessation program for effective smoking cessation in service and sales woman smokers employee.

• Journal of Korean Public Health Nursing
• /
• v.19 no.1
• /
• pp.74-94
• /
• 2005

The purpose of this study was to compare the effect of education between CAI(Computer Assisted Instruction) and lectures for smoking cessation among male students who attended vocational high schools. Conducted from February 24th to April 26th, 2003, the study design was quasi-experimental with nonequivalent control group pretest-posttest design. The study subjects were 60 male students in K vocational high school in Daegu city, who were present smokers and had more than 7.0 ppm concentration level of carbon monoxide. Thirty students were randomly chosen as the experimental group which applied CAI education method for smoking cessation. The other 30 students served as the control group which received lecture education method of 40 minutes on four consecutive days. CAI education for smoking cessation was composed of ready-made individual learning contents, counseling by using cyber-communication, writing a letter to stop smoking, and writing a written agreement for smoking cessation. Lecture education for smoking cessation was composed of a ready-prepared lecture for the group, writing a letter to stop smoking, and writing a written agreement for smoking cessation. To measure smoking related knowledge, Jeong Ree Roh(1996)'s smoking related knowledge scale$(Cronbach's\;{\alpha}=0.84)$ was modified and used by the researcher. To measure smoking related attitude, Jeong Ree Roh(1996)'s smoking related attitude scale$(Cronbach's\;{\alpha}=0.91)$ was modified and used by the researcher. Smoking related knowledge scale's Cronbach's $\alpha$ was 0.83 in the pilot study and 0.93 in this study. Smoking related attitude scale's Cronbach's a was 0.80 in the pilot study and 0.98 in this study. To determine the smoking amount, the number of cigarettes smoked per day was checked. The concentration level of CO in the exhaled breath was measured (Micro CO Cat. No. MCO2, UK). Data was analyzed by $x^2-test$, t-test, repeated measures ANOVA. simple main effects, and time contrast test with SPSS/Win 11.0 program. The results of this study were as follows: 1. The first hypothesis. that 'Smoking-related knowledge score in the experimental group by using CAI education for smoking cessation will be higher than that in the control group by using lecture education for smoking cessation', was not supported. 2. The second hypothesis, that 'Smoking-related attitude in the experimental group by using CAI education for smoking cessation will be higher than that in the control group by using lecture education for smoking cessation'. was supported(F=6490.79. p=0.000). 3. The third hypothesis. that 'Smoking amount in the experimental group by using CAI education for smoking cessation will be less than that in the control group by using lecture education for smoking cessation'. was supported. 1) The third-1st sub-hypothesis. that 'The number of cigarettes smoked per day in the experimental group by using CAI education for smoking cessation will be less than that in the control group by using lecture education for smoking cessation'. was supported(F=134.19. p=0.000). 2) The third-2nd sub-hypothesis. that 'The concentration level of CO by ppm per one exhaled breath in the experimental group by using CAI education for smoking cessation will be lower than that in the control group by using lecture education for smoking cessation"' was supported(F=268.55. p=0.000). From the above results. CAI education can be an effective intervention to improve smoking-related knowledge and attitude. and to reduce the number of cigarettes smoked per day and the concentration level of CO by ppm per one exhaled breath. Lecture education can be effective to improve smoking-related knowledge. In the future, when CAI education and lecture education for smoking cessation are applied on the school nursing field. the students can gain a comprehensive understanding of smoking cessation, changes in smoking-related knowledge. smoking-related attitude and reducing smoking amount. Furthermore, CAI education for smoking cessation could be developed as an individual self initiative program and could give a guideline to apply CAI education for smoking cessation in other field.

• Korean Journal of Adult Nursing
• /
• v.14 no.4
• /
• pp.521-531
• /
• 2002

Purpose: This study was to identify the meaning of the lived experiences, to describe of the meaning structures and to develop the strategies of nursing intervention centering to these meanings of the smoking cessation. Method: This study was derived from a phenomenological analytic method suggested by Giorgi. The participants in this study were five adults who had the previous experience of smoking cessation. The data were collected from September of 2001 to April of 2002 through systemic interviews and participatory observations. Average of five interviews were performed, and each interview lasted an hour and half. Result: The meaning of smoking cessation was categorized with nine components. That is (1) obstinacy of the habit of smoking ; difficulty of endurance, succumb to temptation of smoking, repetition of smoking and smoking cessation, habit-forming. (2) Bring about a symptom of improving ; took place headache, expectoration of sputum, sense of instability. (3) Waver in worthy ; doubts about smoking cessation, ridiculed smoking cessation. (4) Be narrowed social life ; become estranged from friends. (5) Futility ; unnecessary, harm. (6) Self-repression ; occurred indomitable mind, strong will, endurance. (7) Gratification ; self-admiration, receive praise from family. (8) Delightfulness ; clean in body and clothes, be disgusted with the foul order of smoking. (9) Improvement in welfare ; a clear mind and good memory, improve in health, have a good appetite. Conclusion: The nursing intervention must be focused on these concerns to accomplish successful smoking cessation program.

• Research in Community and Public Health Nursing
• /
• v.20 no.4
• /
• pp.433-442
• /
• 2009

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify factors affecting on the successful cessation of smoking for six months in the smoking cessation clinic of a public health center. Methods: The subjects of this study were 568 adult smokers who had registered in the smoking cessation clinic of a public health center in B City. Data were analyzed through $x^2$-test, t-test, and logistic regression using the SPSS/WIN 12.0 program. Results: Identified factors affecting the successful cessation of smoking for six months were service type, number of counseling, alcohol problem, previous quit-smoking trial, dependency on nicotine, CO level in expiration at the first visit time, self-reevaluation, helping relationship, negative/affective situational temptation, and Cons. Conclusion: Trans-theoretical Model variables were confirmed as factors affecting the success of smoking cessation. Based on the results of this study, a smoking cessation program was suggested, which uses Trans-theoretical Model variables affecting smoking cessation for six months in a public health center.