• 한국자동차공학회논문집
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• 제12권5호
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• pp.66-72
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• 2004

In this study, the effects of oxygen component in fuel and exhaust gas recirculation(EGR) method on the exhaust emissions has been investigated for a D.I. diesel engine. It was tested to estimate change of exhaust emission characteristics for the commercial diesel fuel and oxygenate blended fuel which has five kinds of blending ratio. Dimethoxy methane(DMM) contains oxygen component 42.5% in itself, and it is a kind of effective oxygenated fuel for reduction of smoke emission. It was affirmed that smoke emission was decreased with increasing of DMM blending ratio. But, NOx emission was increased compared with commercial diesel fuel. It was needed a NOx reduction counterplan that EGR method was used as a countermeasure for NOx reduction. It was found that simultaneous reduction of smoke and NOx emission was achieved with DMM blended fuel and cooled EGR method(1015%).

• 동력기계공학회지
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.27-35
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• 2002

In this paper, the effect of oxygen component in fuel on the exhaust emissions has been investigated for direct injection diesel engine. It is tested to estimate change of engine performance and exhaust emission characteristics for the commercial diesel fuel and oxygenate blended fuel which has four kinds of mixed ratio. And, the effects of exhaust gas recirculation(EGR) on the characteristics of NOx emission and brake specific fuel consumption rate have been investigated. Dimethyl carbonate(DMC) contains oxygen component 53.3% in itself, and it is a kind of effective oxygenated fuel of carbonate group that the smoke emission of DMC is reduced remarkably in comparison with commercial diesel fuel, that is, it can supply oxygen component sufficiently at higher loads and speeds in diesel engine. It was found that simultaneous reduction of smoke and NOx was achieved with oxygenated fuel and EGR method.

• 한국화재소방학회논문지
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.137-144
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• 2009

본 논문은 광전식연기감지기 현장점검기기의 문제점에 관한 연구로서 현재 소방점검 시 광전식연기감지기의 성능확인을 위해 사용되는 A Type(향), B Type(디메틸실리콘오일), C Type(탄화수소혼합물)의 점검기기들을 실험대상으로 선정하고, 현장점검기기의 문제점을 도출하고자 신뢰성확인실험 및 성능확인실험, 연기시료에 따른 감지기 성능변화 실험을 실시하였다. 실험결과 소방점검 시 현장점검기기를 이용한 감도실험은 연기농도조건 및 풍속조건, 연기시료의 문제점을 확인할 수 있었으며, 결과적으로 현재 소방점검시 사용되는 광전식연기감지기 현장점검기기의 신뢰성에 문제가 있는 것을 확인할 수 있었다.

• 한국정보통신학회논문지
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• 제22권11호
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• pp.1474-1480
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• 2018

고층 빌딩에서 화재가 발생하는 경우 복잡한 구조로 인해 다양한 대피 통로가 존재하며 각 대피 통로의 안전성 여부를 파악하는 것이 어렵다. 고층 빌딩 화재 시 거주자들에게 신속히 탈출 경로를 제공하는 것이 필요하며 이를 위해서 대피 통로의 안정성 여부를 파악할 필요가 있다. 본 논문에서는 대피 통로의 안정성 여부 파악을 위해 영상을 분석하여 화재 시 발생하는 연기로 인한 대피 통로의 가시도를 측정하는 방법을 제안한다. 입력 영상에서 연기를 검출한 후 검출된 연기의 밀도를 알 수 있다면 가시도를 쉽게 측정할 수 있지만, 연기 검출이나 연기 밀도 측정에 관한 적절한 방법이 없어 이러한 접근법을 사용하기는 어렵다. 본 논문에서는 입력 영상에서 배경 영상을 추출하고 이를 학습 데이터로 하여 주성분 분석 학습을 한다. 이후 입력으로 주어지는 영상에서 배경 영상과 연기 영상을 추출하고 학습된 주성분 분석을 적용하여 새로운 특징 공간으로 사상한 후 변화량을 계산하여 연기로 인한 가시도를 측정한다.

• 한국연초학회지
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.179-184
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• 2001

This study was conducted to determine the smoke component distribution and the relationship between chemical components and physical characteristics of cigarettes. 16 different cigarette brands which were sold in the market were selected for this study. Five kinds of smoke components which have been tar, nicotine, water, carbon monoxide(CO) puff No., and six kinds of physical characteristics which were filter type, leaf weight, filter weight, UPD, EPD, dilution rate were analyzed. The average values in tar, nicotine, water, CO concentration were 6.5 mg/cig. 0.66 mg/cig, 1.12 mg/cig. and 6.32 mg/cig., respectively. The average ratios of nicotine/tar and CO/tar were 0.10, and 1.02 respectively. The distribution of smoke components collected in the cambridge filter and cigarette filter was different. The averages of tar and nicotine removal efficiency by a cigarette filter were 53%, and 48%, respectively. All smoking components were positively correlated with other smoking components. filter types, EPD, and dilution rate were showed high correlation to the changes of smoke components. Especially, dilution rate of cigarette strongly affected on the changes of all smoke components.

• 한국연초학회지
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• 제33권1호
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• pp.28-38
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• 2011

This experiment was conducted as a part of Asia collaborative study on purpose of verifying the difference between CM6 and CM7 including 3R4F for reference. It carried out using various analytical categories for example, main stream, sidestream and Av. smoke. Additional analysis such as physical properties, blending ratio, combustibility and general leaf component analysis also implemented in order to investigate the difference. We complied with ISO standard and CORESTA recommended method during analytical operating procedures. In this study, we described that comparative analytical result for CM6 and CM7 known as reference or monitoring cigarettes including 3R4F for reference. All sample cigarettes were conditioned at $22^{\circ}C$, 60% relative humidity for 48 hours. Av. Smoke, MS and SS smoke analysis were performed over five times with two smoking condition, ISO and Health Canada with the exception of Av. smoke analysis. We complied with ISO standard method during analytical operating procedures. And, we conducted additional analysis, such as physical properties, blending ratio, combustibility and leaf component analysis also in order to investigate the difference. In conclusion, we found out some differences between CORESTA monitoring cigarette No. 6 and No 7. The smoke components such as total particulate matters, NFDPM, nicotine and carbon monoxide contents of CM7 were a little lower than CM6. And, these phenomena were the same as not only main stream smoke but also side stream smoke and Av. smoke. This tendency was consistent with ISO and Health Canada smoking condition. Besides, leaf constituents' color of CM7 was darker than CM6. In case of combustibility, it showed short combustion time approximately 30 seconds.

• Membrane and Water Treatment
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• 제8권4호
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• pp.381-393
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• 2017

The inorganic components in tobacco sheet extract have significant influence on the sensory taste of the cigars and the harmful component delivery in cigarette smoke. To identify the contributions of the divalent inorganic components on harmful components delivery in cigarette smoke, a self-made selective electrodialysis was assembled with monovalent ion-selective ion exchange membranes. The influences of current density and extract content on the desalination performance were investigated. Result indicates that the majorities chloride, nitrate, and sulfate ions were removed, comparing with 50-60% of potassium and only less than 10% of magnesium and calcium ions removed in the investigated current density. The permselectivity of the tested cations across the Selemion CSO cation exchange membranes follows the order: $K^+>Ca^{2+}>Mg^{2+}$. A current density of $15mA/cm^2$ is an optional choice by considering both the energy consumption and separation efficiency. When the extract contents are in the range of 7%-20%, the removal ratios the potassium ions are kept around 60%, while the removal ratios of the calcium and magnesium ions fluctuate in the range of 16-27% and 8-14%, respectively. The tobacco smoke experiments indicated that the divalent metal ions have dual roles for the harmful component delivery in cigarette smoke. The divalent potassium and calcium ions were unfavorable for the total particulate matter emission but beneficial to decrease the HCN delivery in the mainstream cigarette smoke. The selective electrodialysis is a robust technology to decrease the harmful component delivery in cigarette smoke.

• 공업화학
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• 제28권5호
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• pp.565-570
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• 2017

흡연으로 발생되는 담배연기는 주류 연기와 비주류 연기로 구분된다. 담배연기 중 실내로 확산되는 연기의 대부분은 비주류 연기이며, 비주류 연기의 유해물질 농도는 주류 연기의 농도보다 2~3배 높다. 본 연구에서는 $TiO_2$ 광촉매의 doping 성분에 따른 비주류 담배연기 내의 CO, $H_2S$, $NH_3$, HCHO의 제거 효율을 확인하고자 하였다. 실험 결과, CO가 최대 78.37% 제거되었으며, $TiO_2$ 광촉매 공정이 CO 제거에 효과적인 것으로 확인되었다. 또한 CO, $H_2S$, HCHO의 제거에 있어서 $TiO_2$ 광촉매에 doping된 O, Si 성분에 의해 영향을 크게 받는다. 결론적으로, doping된 O, Si 성분이 많을수록 유해물질 제거효율이 높다.

• 대한기계학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한기계학회 2003년도 추계학술대회
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• pp.448-453
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• 2003

In this study, the effects of oxygen component in fuel and exhaust gas recirculation(EGR) method on the exhaust emissions has been investigated for a D.I. diesel engine. It was tested to estimate change of exhaust emission characteristics for the commercial diesel fuel and oxygenate blended fuel which has five kinds of blending ratio. Dimethoxy methane(DMM) contains oxygen component 42.5% in itself. and it is a kind of effective oxygenated fuel for reduction of smoke emission. It was affirmed that smoke emission was decreased with increasing of DMM blending ratio. But, NOx emission was increased compared with commercial diesel fuel. It was needed a NOx reduction countermeasure that EGR method was used as a countermeasure for NOx reduction. It was found that simultaneous reduction of smoke and NOx emission was achieved with DMM blended fuel and cooled EGR method($10{\sim}15%$).

• 대한기계학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한기계학회 2003년도 춘계학술대회
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• pp.1697-1702
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• 2003

In this paper, the effect of oxygen component in fuel on the exhaust emissions has been investigated for a direct injection diesel engine. It was tested to estimate change of engine performance and exhaust emission characteristics for the commercial diesel fuel and oxygenated blended fuel which has seven kinds of mixed ratio. And, the effects of exhaust gas recirculation(EGR) on the characteristics of NOx emission have been investigated. Ethylene glycol mono-n-butyl ether(EGBE) contains oxygen component 27% in itself, and it is a kind of effective oxygenated fuel of mono-ether group that the smoke emission of EGBE blended fuel is reduced remarkably compared with commercial diesel fuel, that is, it can supply oxygen component sufficiently at higher loads and speeds in a diesel engine. It was found that simultaneous reduction of smoke and NOx was achieved with oxygenated fuel and cooled EGR method.