• 대한기계학회논문집
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.397-404
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• 1994

Smoke is emitted in diesel engines because fuel injected into the high-temperatured and high-pressured combustion chamber burns with its mixture with insufficient oxygeny. In consideration of air pollution, above all, it is necessary to illuminate the cause of smoke emission in diesel engines. The smoke emission, which is characteristic of diffusion combustion in diesel engines, results from pyrolysis of fuel not mixed with air. Therefore the smoke emission is dependent on diffusion combustion quantity, which is in turn controlled by engine parameter. The study aims at making clear and interpreting the interdependence of smoke emission in diesel engines with heat released within combustion chamber, camparing diffusion combustion quantity according to each engine parameter (air fuel ratio, injection timing, and engine speed), and showing the relation between smoke emission and fraction of diffusion combustion through experiment.

• 한국안전학회지
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• 제27권3호
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• pp.1-8
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• 2012

Characteristics of smoke emission in light duty diesel vehicles was investigated according to the year of production, engine displacement volume, and mileage. The smoke emission was measured using light extinction smoke measurement method under free acceleration test mode. Total number of the tested vehicles was 180. The year of production of the tested vehicles distributed from 2002 to 2007. The displacement volumes of the tested vehicles were categorized as 2-liter, 2.5-liter, 2.7-liter, and 3-liter. The mileage of the tested vehicles distributed from 20,000 km to 400,000 km. The more recent in the year of production of the tested vehicles did not show clearly lower in smoke emissions. Smoke emission showed different values according to driver's pedal pushing pattern. Also, smoke emission peak for each free acceleration test initially increased and reach a maximum of the peak values. Afterwards, the smoke peak gradually decreased as number of test increased. A new guide line was proposed to determine the smoke value from the light duty diesel vehicles based on smoke emission peak patterns which were obtained with several repeated free acceleration tests.

• 한국자동차공학회논문집
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• 제12권5호
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• pp.66-72
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• 2004

In this study, the effects of oxygen component in fuel and exhaust gas recirculation(EGR) method on the exhaust emissions has been investigated for a D.I. diesel engine. It was tested to estimate change of exhaust emission characteristics for the commercial diesel fuel and oxygenate blended fuel which has five kinds of blending ratio. Dimethoxy methane(DMM) contains oxygen component 42.5% in itself, and it is a kind of effective oxygenated fuel for reduction of smoke emission. It was affirmed that smoke emission was decreased with increasing of DMM blending ratio. But, NOx emission was increased compared with commercial diesel fuel. It was needed a NOx reduction counterplan that EGR method was used as a countermeasure for NOx reduction. It was found that simultaneous reduction of smoke and NOx emission was achieved with DMM blended fuel and cooled EGR method(1015%).

• International Journal of Automotive Technology
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• 제7권4호
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• pp.399-406
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• 2006

The smoke emission of diesel engines is being recognized as one of the major source of the air pollution problems. This study investigates the potential of esterified rice bran oil to reduce smoke emission as an alternative fuel for diesel engines. Because the esterified rice bran oil has approximately a 10.5% oxygen content, the combustion of the diesel engine improved and exhaust smoke decreased. Gas chromatography was used to analyze not only the total amount of hydrocarbon but also the amount of hydrocarbon components from $C_1$ to $C_6$ in the exhaust gas to determine an exact source responsible for the remarkable reduction in the smoke emission. The number of individual hydrocarbon($C_1{\sim}C_6$) as well as the total amount of hydrocarbon of esterified rice bran oil reduced significantly compared to that of hydrocarbon of diesel fuel.

• 한국자동차공학회논문집
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• 제5권4호
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• pp.70-83
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• 1997

We made a selection of engine operating conditions in the natural aspiration type diesel engine as load and speed. The effects on the power, smoke emission and cylinder pressure characteristics of these variations in operating conditions were observed experimentally. Also, the smoke emission was predicted by using the Arrhenius equation and empirical equation of the smoke emission was made. At the same time, the correlations, between the combustion and smoke emission characteristic were examined. From the above results, it is clear that to prevent power dropping and to decrease exhaust fume whin the conditions are changed, one should improve the intake system. To do this, the best way is to lower the air-fuel mixing ratio. We found that the parameters of the indicated mean effective pressure, maximum pressure and its location and combustion duration, etc. change the motion in accordance with the conditions described above. Also, we found that the variation of the pressure cycle comes from an amplified variation of the early part of process. From the analysis of comparing combustion and exhaust fume, the exhaust fume is produced at the latter time of combustion and decreased when the combustion ratio is higher. Also, we developed a special formula which can predict the exhaust fume value according to the engine load and speed.

• 한국대기환경학회지
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• 제29권6호
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• pp.838-848
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• 2013

The Community Multiscale Air Quality (CMAQ) model is capable of providing high quality atmospheric chemistry profiles through the utilization of high-resolution meteorology and emissions data. However, it cannot simulate air quality accurately if input data are not appropriate and reliable. One of the most important inputs required by CMAQ is the air pollutants emissions, which determines air pollutants concentrations during the simulation. For the CMAQ simulation of Korean peninsula, we, in general, use the Korean National Emission Inventory data which are estimated by Clean Air Policy Support System (CAPSS). However, since they are not provided by model-ready emission data, we should convert CAPSS emissions into model-ready data. The SMOKE is the emission model we used in this study to generate CMAQ-ready emissions. Because processing the emissions data is very monotonous and tedious work, we have developed CAPSS2SMOKE program to convert CAPSS emissions into SMOKE-ready data with ease and effective. CAPSS2SMOKE program consists of many codes and routines such as source classification code, $PM_{10}$ to $PM_{2.5}$ ratio code, map projection conversion routine, spatial allocation routine, and so on. To verify the CAPSS2SMOKE program, we have run SMOKE using the CAPSS 2009 emissions and found that the SMOKE results inherits CAPSS emissions quite well.

• 대한기계학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한기계학회 2003년도 추계학술대회
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• pp.448-453
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• 2003

In this study, the effects of oxygen component in fuel and exhaust gas recirculation(EGR) method on the exhaust emissions has been investigated for a D.I. diesel engine. It was tested to estimate change of exhaust emission characteristics for the commercial diesel fuel and oxygenate blended fuel which has five kinds of blending ratio. Dimethoxy methane(DMM) contains oxygen component 42.5% in itself. and it is a kind of effective oxygenated fuel for reduction of smoke emission. It was affirmed that smoke emission was decreased with increasing of DMM blending ratio. But, NOx emission was increased compared with commercial diesel fuel. It was needed a NOx reduction countermeasure that EGR method was used as a countermeasure for NOx reduction. It was found that simultaneous reduction of smoke and NOx emission was achieved with DMM blended fuel and cooled EGR method($10{\sim}15%$).

• International Journal of Automotive Technology
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.179-184
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• 2007

In this study, the potential use of oxygenated fuels such as ethylene glycol mono-normal butyl ether (EGBE) was investigated in an attempt to reduce the emission of exhaust smoke from diesel engines. Effects of the combustion method on exhaust emission of DI and IDI diesel engines were also examined. Since EGBE is composed of approximately 27.1% oxygen, this is one of several potential oxygenated fuels that could reduce the smoke content of exhaust gas. EGBE blended fuels have been proven to reduce smoke emission remarkably compared to the conventional commercial fuels. The test was conducted with single and four cylinder, four stroke, DI and IDI diesel engines. The study showed that a simultaneous reduction of smoke and NOx emission could be achieved by the combination of oxygenated blend fuels and the cooled EGR method in both DI and IDI diesel engines. It was also found that a reduction rate of exhaust emission in a DI engine was larger than an IDI diesel engine.

• 동력기계공학회지
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• 제9권3호
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• pp.10-14
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• 2005

The Effects of cooled and hot EGR(exhaust gas recirculation) on the characteristics of smoke and NOx emission have been investigated using a single cylinder, water-cooled, four cycle, DI diesel engine at several loads and speeds. In this study, a manually controlled EGR system was installed on a agricultural diesel engine which was operated at various operating system. And, the effects of hot EGR and cooled EGR on smoke and NOx emission were compared. The results showed that cooled EGR method was more effective than hot EGR method on smoke and NOx emission.

• 한국마린엔지니어링학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국마린엔지니어링학회 2006년도 전기학술대회논문집
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• pp.19-20
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• 2006

The emission of particulate matter from marine diesel engines is already restricted by regional regulations in some countries, and IMO has been preparing the regulation for particulate matter from 53rd MEPC. But confusingly, the gravimetric PM measurement methods and procedures are not established clearly yet. On the other hand, smoke measurement method is set clearly, and it can also indicate PM, though it is not direct gravimetric method. As the preparing step for regulations about PM, we measured the smote density of exhaust emission from the marine four-stroke diesel engines operated in constant speed and various load steps on the test-bed, using the filter-type smoke measuring instrument. As a result, we understood the omission characteristics of smoke from the engines. Additionally, to obtain the objective reliability of our measurement data, we carried out experimental studies about various measuring parameters that could affect the smoke density.