• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
• /
• v.22 no.5
• /
• pp.734-745
• /
• 2022

The purpose of this study is to examine the relationship of parental self-esteem with adolescents' smartphone over-dependence and to investigate whether parental attitudes mediate between them. The SEM was utilized by extracting data from 2,590 pairs of middle school students and their parents in the 1st year from the KCYPS 2018. First, parental self-esteem had a significant correlation with adolescent's smartphone over-dependence. Second, parental attitude mediates the effect of parental self-esteem on adolescent's smartphone overdependence. Third, among six sub-factors of parental attitude, only inconsistency was significant. In conclusion, to prevent teens' smartphone overdependence, parental factors such as parents' self-esteem enhancing and consistent parental attitude to their children is important. Based on these results, practical measures for preventing smartphone over-dependence of adolescents were discussed.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
• /
• v.15 no.7
• /
• pp.111-121
• /
• 2017

Smartphone use has become a part of everyday life, not only for adolescents but also for elderly and older people. Thus, this study explored the effect of demographic variables, the amount of smartphone usage, type of smartphone use and psychosocial variables on smartphone dependence of the elder group. We analyzed the data of 5627 (50s and 60s) of the Internet overdependence survey data of the Korea Information Society Agency in 2016. As a result of hierarchical multiple regression analysis, More frequency of smartphone use of weekday and weekend, and usage time of smartphone of weekday were related to greater smartphone dependence. More smartphone use for information seeking and games were associated with greater smartphone dependence. And, as loneliness and anxiety increased, smartphone dependence increased, while smartphone dependence decreased, as social capital increased. Through this study, it is necessary to understand characteristics related to smartphone dependence of elder and older group, and to use this knowledge to solve their smartphone dependence. Future studies also need to identify the causal relationship between predictors of smartphone dependence in elderly and older people.

• Child Health Nursing Research
• /
• v.26 no.1
• /
• pp.47-54
• /
• 2020

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify the smartphone use patterns of smartphone-dependent children. Methods: The study design was a cross-sectional descriptive study. The data were derived from the 2017 survey on smartphone over-dependence conducted by the Ministry of Science and ICT and the National Information Society Agency. The study sample was 595 elementary school students identified as being smartphone-dependent. The data were analyzed by frequency, percentage, mean, standard deviation, the independent t-test, the x² test, the Pearson correlation coefficient, and multiple regression analysis. Results: The frequency of smartphone use was the factor strongly associated with more severe smartphone dependence in participants. Games were the most commonly used application type among participants, regardless of their degree of dependence. More severe smartphone dependence was associated with greater use of applications such as learning and television/video. Conclusion: As smartphone dependence becomes more severe, children tend to use their smartphones more frequently and to use applications that involve solitary play for the purposes of entertainment and pleasure. The findings suggest that the parents should attentively monitor their children's smartphone use patterns and provide consistent discipline in a way that ensures appropriate smartphone use.

• The Korean Journal of Emergency Medical Services
• /
• v.28 no.1
• /
• pp.21-34
• /
• 2024

Purpose: This study aimed to observe change in factors over time in the first cohort of the 2018 Children and Adolescent Panel Middle School. In addition, this study attempted to examine the causal relationship and influence between variables by setting a time gap between independent and dependent variables. Methods: Frequency and descriptive statistical analyses were conducted to determine the general characteristics of the study participants. Hierarchical regression analysis was conducted to analyze the effects of smartphone dependence on health, sleep quality, and depression. After inputting the control variables (Model 2), the influence of the variables was identified based on the input model. Results: Smartphone dependence positively impacted depression in both male and female students and negatively impacted sleep and health. Conclusion: Smartphones are closely associated with teenagers' lives. Additionally, as adolescents experience various psychological anxieties owing to rapid physical changes, there are concerns that psychological dependence may increase, considering that adolescence is the most emotionally unstable period. Therefore, the results of this study consistently prove that smartphone dependence has a causal relationship with emotion-related variables, such as emotional stress, depression, and anxiety.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
• /
• v.21 no.8
• /
• pp.195-204
• /
• 2020

The purpose of this study was to explore factors associated with smartphone dependence among adults in their 20s. The data were derived from the 2017 Survey on Smartphone Over-dependence conducted by the Ministry of Science and ICT and the National Information Society Agency. There were 3,684 participants. The data were analyzed by frequency, percentage, mean, standard deviation, independent t-test, Pearson's correlation coefficient, and weighted hierarchical multiple regression analysis. For the results, factors related with higher smartphone dependence of participants were duration (β=.18, p=.000) and frequency (β=.04, p=.000) of usage, gaming (β=.15, p=.000), watching videos (β=.09, p=.000), mobile shopping (β=.05, p=.000), working (β=.05, p=.010), e-mailing (β=.13, p=.000), and sports betting (β=.07, p=.000). Music (β=-.07, p=.000) and adult content (β=-.07, p=.000) significantly reduced their smartphone dependence. SNS (Social Networking Services) (β=.01, p=.358) and instant messengers (β=-.02, p=.330) were not factors related to smartphone dependence. However, instant messengers were the most used by participants and had a strong correlation with working (r=.55, p=.000). This study shows that smartphone usage patterns related with smartphone dependence among adults in their 20s are different from those of children and adolescents. These results could be used to more deeply understand smartphone dependence among adults in their 20s and plan early detection and prevention and care of dependence.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Computer Information Conference
• /
• 2021.01a
• /
• pp.131-132
• /
• 2021

본 연구에서는 유아의 스마트폰 과의존 유형을 파악하고 과의존의 차이를 분석하고자 하였다. 이를 위해 2019년 스마트폰 과의존실태조사에서 자료 중 유아 992명을 대상으로 분석하였다. 전체 유아 중 고위험군 1.9%, 잠재적위험군 19.2%, 일반사용자군 78.9%로 나타났다. 스마트폰 과의존 유형에 따른 과의존의 하위 변인인 조절실패, 현저성, 문제적 결과가 차이가 있는 것으로 확인되었다. 이러한 결과는 유아들이 스마트폰 이용이 증가하고 있는 시점에서 유아의 올바른 스마트폰 사용을 위한 교육과 과의존에 관한 예방 방안이 필요함을 시사해 준다는 점에서 본 연구의 의의를 찾을 수 있다. 또한 유아교육현장에서 유아가 건강한 성장을 도모할 수 있도록 과의존 예방을 위한 가정환경 점검 및 부모교육에 관한 기초적인 연구 자료가 될 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
• /
• v.21 no.6
• /
• pp.366-373
• /
• 2020

This study explored the factors associated with dependence among smartphone-dependent adults in their 20s. The data was derived from the 2017 survey on smartphone over-dependence conducted by the Ministry of Science and ICT and the National Information Society Agency. The participants were 879 adults in their 20s. The data was analyzed by frequencies, percentages, means, standard deviations, independent t-tests, Pearson's correlation coefficients, and multiple regression analysis. The results revealed instant messengers as the most used application by participants. Participants in the high risk category of dependence also used SNS (Social Networking Services), music, and games more than those in the potential risk category. The more serious the dependence, the greater the frequency of smartphone use (β=.16, p=.000), and use of games (β=.10, p=.028), webtoons (β=.14, p=.004), SNS (β=.09, p=.047), and financial transactions (β=.17, p=.000). They did not recognize their smartphone dependence when it was relatively low. However, when this became serious, they then realized that they depended on the smartphone more than others. That means that it is not easy for adults to recognize their smartphone dependence on their own. However, recognition of the problem is the first step for adults to solve their problems. A program that evaluates their problematic smartphone use should be installed and used on all smartphones.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
• /
• v.11 no.5
• /
• pp.97-105
• /
• 2020

This study was to identify the main predictors of smartphone overdependece of infants perceived by mothers and to provide basic data useful for education and practice. For this, data-mining decision tree analysis was performed using SPSS program, and the fianl 410 researches were used for analysis. The results. In the case of the whole infants, the most important predictor of smartphone dependence was father's leisure activity parenting participation. For boys, their father's leisure activity was the most dependent on their smartphone dependence. However, even if father's participation in leisure activities was high, smartphone overdependence increased again when mother's overprotection and permissive attitude were high. Finally, For girls, the most influential variable on smartphone dependence was warmth and encouragement among mothers' parenting attitudes.

• Journal of Digital Contents Society
• /
• v.13 no.4
• /
• pp.501-516
• /
• 2012

The purpose of this study is to explore the fundamental nature and meanings of the experiences of university students with regard to their smartphone usage in order to prevent smartphone addiction and provide guidelines to develop effective interventions. Nine university students who were currently enrolled in an university located in a Korean province participated in this study. In-depth interviews were conducted from June of 2012 to July of 2012, and data were analyzed using Colaizzi's phenomenological qualitative method. As a results, five theme and 40 subthemes of experiences of problematic smartphone usage were identified. Those themes include 1) a desperate try to connect with others(exposing oneself without appropriate self-protection, seeking emotional comfort, hurt and mistrust); 2) excessive use of smartphone and loss of self-control(more smartphone usage over computer/over-immersion/excessive usage/habituation, loss of self-control); 3) psychological difficulties(excessive attachment and dependence, separation anxiety, clingingness, reduced patience) ; 4) threats to daily functioning (changes in priorities, regressed independent daily functioning, irregular daily patterns, health problems, interruptions from free messenger, academic difficulties); 5) potential for recovery(conflictual feelings and doubts over smartphone usage, importance of interpersonal(face-to-face) communications, willingness to cut down the use, hope for recovery). This study provided suggestions for the prevention effort against smartphone addiction.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
• /
• v.18 no.4
• /
• pp.941-948
• /
• 2014

As smart phone became popular, a word smart phone syndrome is also commonly used among us. Its excessive uses cause adverse effects on daily lives such as mental and physical health education and individual relationships. This paper targeted to undergraduate students who are mostly using smart phones to analyze on their perception of smart phone syndrome and a reality of typical syndrome such as digital forgetfulness, smart phone addiction and dependence on Kakaotalk. It also suggested basic countermeasures for preventing smart phone syndrome. The perception on smart phone syndrome of undergraduate students using over the average 5 hours a day was resulted to be very low, and it is analyzed smart phone syndrome including digital forgetfulness, smart phone addiction and dependence on Kakaotalk is quite serious, so that proper countermeasures and the actions are required.