• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.50 no.3
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• pp.349-368
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• 2020

Purpose: This study aimed to identify parental factors associated with smartphone overuse in preschoolers. Methods: A systematic review was conducted according to PRISMA guidelines. Relevant studies published in peer-reviewed journals from 2009 to June 2019 were identified through systematic search in 10 electronic databases (PubMed, CINAHL, Cochrane Central, EMBASE, Web of Science, NDSL, KISS, KMbase, KoreaMed, and RISS). Standardized effect sizes were calculated to quantify the associations of parental factors with smartphone overuse in preschoolers using meta-analysis. Results: A total of 30 cross-sectional studies involving 7,943 participants met the inclusion criteria. The following were negatively correlated with smartphone overuse in preschoolers: mother's parenting self-efficacy (r=-.35), mother-child attachment (r=-.28), mother's positive parenting behavior (r=-.28), mother's positive parenting attitude (r=-.25), and father's parenting involvement (r=-.15). Further, maternal factors such as smartphone addiction tendency (r=.41), parenting stress (r=.40), negative parenting behavior (r=.35), negative parenting attitude (r=.14), smartphone usage time (r=.26), employment status (r=.18), and age (r=.12) were positively correlated with smartphone overuse in preschoolers. Conclusion: Several parental factors influence smartphone overuse in preschoolers. These findings emphasize the need to assess and enhance the parental factors identified in this study to prevent smartphone overuse in preschoolers. Accordingly, we recommend the development of preventive interventions to strengthen parent-related protective factors and mitigate risk factors.

• Informatization Policy
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.82-98
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• 2018

Internet overdependence has become a public health concern in Korea. It is well known that family and community level efforts could alleviate possible harms from Internet use. However, little research exists regarding smartphone overdependence. This study examines factors affecting smartphone overdependence and, specifically, help-seeking for smartphone overdependence among Korean adolescents. The study is based on parental mediation theory and uses a help-seeking framework. The results indicate that preventative education provided by school and community increases the levels of awareness of both the possible harms from smartphone use and the option of accessing the mental health service, while it was not effective in preventing smartphone overdependence. Parental mediation was a protective factor for smartphone overdependence but was negatively associated with the intention to use the mental health service. In sum, behavioral problems related to smartphone use require multidimensional preventative efforts from both the family and the community. It is suggested that effective preventive education methods are developed for parents and adolescents.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.16 no.9
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• pp.590-599
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• 2016

This study aims to examine the effect of adolescents' life stress and smartphone use on academic impairment and to investigate the impact of parents involvement on smatphone use. Online survey are performed among Korean adolescents from 13 to 18 years old. The results show that entertainment use of smartphone and high level of smartphone addiction are significant predictors of adolescent academic impairment. In addition, significant relationships were found between academic impairment and the dimensions of life stress, such as family conflict, academic, and pressure on the future. With respect to the impact of parent involement on academic impairment and smartphone use, time limit has the positive relationship with entertainment use of smartphone, while restriction on the specific smartphone application use has the negative relationship with information use of smartphone.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.941-948
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• 2014

As smart phone became popular, a word smart phone syndrome is also commonly used among us. Its excessive uses cause adverse effects on daily lives such as mental and physical health education and individual relationships. This paper targeted to undergraduate students who are mostly using smart phones to analyze on their perception of smart phone syndrome and a reality of typical syndrome such as digital forgetfulness, smart phone addiction and dependence on Kakaotalk. It also suggested basic countermeasures for preventing smart phone syndrome. The perception on smart phone syndrome of undergraduate students using over the average 5 hours a day was resulted to be very low, and it is analyzed smart phone syndrome including digital forgetfulness, smart phone addiction and dependence on Kakaotalk is quite serious, so that proper countermeasures and the actions are required.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Child Welfare
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• no.53
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• pp.77-104
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• 2016

The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between mothers' smartphone dependency(MSD) and their children's problem behavior and how children's smartphone dependency(CSD) mediates this relationship. A survey was conducted in the Seoul and Gyeonggi of 300 mothers having children from two to six years old. The results showed that MSD was directly related to both CSD and children's problem behavior, and in particular, had greater effects than CSD on children's problem behavior. CSD was found to mediate the relationship between MSD and children's problem behavior. The results suggest that mothers and their children should be provided with education on the proper usage of smartphone to prevent problem behavior in children, and that the development of preventive programs for smartphone addiction is needed.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.11 no.6
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• pp.215-225
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• 2020

This study aims to understand the relationship between the practice of physical activity guideline for adolescents presented by government agencies and smartphone problem experience. To that end, the association between the practice of physical activity guideline and smartphone variables was analyzed by utilizing 62,225 data from "2017 Youth Health Behavior Survey" and multiple regression analysis was conducted using the SPSS 23.0 program. The analysis showed that all physical activity variables, except for "physical activity for more than 60 minutes," have negative effects on the smartphone problem experience. In addition, students who practice physical activity guideline presented by government agencies, such as aerobic exercise, muscular exercise, participation in sports clubs, and sedentary behavior, experienced less smartphone problem compared to those who did not practice, which showed significant differences in gender. According to the results of this study, it is thought that academic in-depth research using this guideline and differentiated physical activity promotion programs by gender will be possible in order to prevent smartphone addiction.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.15 no.10
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• pp.647-657
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• 2015

The purpose of this study is to investigate how young children's excessive immersion in smartphone games affects their prosocial and problematic behavior. To achieve the purpose, a qustionnaire survey was conducted with 147 children aged 3 to 5 going to two kindergartens and two child-care centers which were judged to have similar social and economic conditions, their mothers, and 16 teachers in charge of them. For data processing, SPSS 18.0 program was used to conduct frequency analysis, correlation analysis, and simple regression analysis. The study results were presented as follows. First, the more seriously the young children had excessive immersion in smartphone games, the more negatively their prosocial behavior was influenced. Secondly, the more severely the young children had excessive immersion in smartphone games, the more problematic behavior the young children had. This study is meaningful in the point that it analyzed the impact of their addiction in smartphone games on their prosocial and problematic behavior, and thereby helped to improve a plan of effectively using smartphones as educational media.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.22 no.10
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• pp.827-839
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• 2022

The severity of smartphone dependence among early adolescents, known as the most vulnerable group to smartphone addiction, is increasing. In this study, the factors affecting the smartphone dependence of early adolescents were analyzed by separating into elementary school and middle school students. For this purpose, the 1st data from Korean Children and Youth Panel Survey(2018) was used. The subjects of the study were 2,607 4th grade from elementary school and 2,590 1st grade from middle school. Factors that affect to smartphone dependence of both elementary and middle school students in common were gender, self-esteem, aggression, time spent with parents, and negative parenting attitude. On the other hand, region(city size), economic level, health status, school life satisfaction, and relationship with teachers were significant in the smartphone dependence of elementary school students, but not in middle school students. In middle school students, positive parenting attitudes were significant. Based on the results of the analysis, implications for policy establishment and social service provision were drawn to encourage the proper use of the by early youth.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.15 no.7
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• pp.111-121
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• 2017

Smartphone use has become a part of everyday life, not only for adolescents but also for elderly and older people. Thus, this study explored the effect of demographic variables, the amount of smartphone usage, type of smartphone use and psychosocial variables on smartphone dependence of the elder group. We analyzed the data of 5627 (50s and 60s) of the Internet overdependence survey data of the Korea Information Society Agency in 2016. As a result of hierarchical multiple regression analysis, More frequency of smartphone use of weekday and weekend, and usage time of smartphone of weekday were related to greater smartphone dependence. More smartphone use for information seeking and games were associated with greater smartphone dependence. And, as loneliness and anxiety increased, smartphone dependence increased, while smartphone dependence decreased, as social capital increased. Through this study, it is necessary to understand characteristics related to smartphone dependence of elder and older group, and to use this knowledge to solve their smartphone dependence. Future studies also need to identify the causal relationship between predictors of smartphone dependence in elderly and older people.

• Journal of Korean Medical classics
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.133-141
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• 2017

Objectives : As of 2013, South Korea ranked number one in the world in smartphone penetration rate with 67.6%. Unfortunately, with the rise of smart phone use, side effects such as fraud, loss of personal information, identity theft, formation and widening of a mobile information gap, and last, but not least, smart phone addiction, also increased. Methods : Seventh (7th)graders from a girls' junior high school in Seoul, the capital of South Korea, we reevaluated the Smart phone Addiction Proneness Scale (S-scale). Among the 9 students classified as high risk users, 5 were randomly selected for a study group, and the remaining 4 students, meanwhile, were designated as a control group. The study group received Korean medicine music therapy (KMMT) in a total of 8 sessions, each session lasting 50 minutes. Both pre- and post-interventions, the two groups completed the S-scale, Harris and Harris' concentration grid exercise, STAI, and STAXI-K. We analyzed the data by t-test and paired t-test using IBM SPSS Statistics. Results : KMMT had a significant influence on proneness to smart phone addiction (t=3.130, p=.035). KMMT had positive effects on concentration improvement (t=-2.935, p=.043), trait-anxiety symptoms improvement (t=2,992, p=.040), and anger-expression control (t=4.416, p=.012). Conclusions : KMMT had positive, improving effects on trait anxiety and anger expression, which in turn enhanced the improvement of concentration as well as the decrease of smart phone-addiction proneness.