• Educational Technology International
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.27-47
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• 2017

Smart devices have a variety of affordances to foster meaningful learning in elementary school. For the design of smart learning environments, more research is needed to understand students' smart device usage and their perception of learning with smart devices. In order to capture smart device usage profiles among elementary school students in South Korea, this study carried out Latent Profile Analysis with three constructs: information search, communication, and study. Participants (n=253), who ranged from the fourth to the sixth grade students, were classified into three profiles of smart device usage: low-activity, communication, and high-activity groups. The smart device usage profiles varied depending on smartphone usage experience, and the profiles were significantly related with smart device addiction, not with smart device usage ability. Perceptions of smart education were also significantly associated with the profiles. The high-activity group showed more positive attitudes toward smart education than the others, but no significant difference was found in regard to negative attitudes. Based on the findings, this study discussed implications for the use of smart devices in elementary school.

• Educational Technology International
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.39-57
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• 2016

The present study aims to examine whether the gender and school of students affect smart media literacy in South Korea. For the purpose of this study, data in Korea Youth Competency Measurement and International Comparative research II was analyzed. The data was nationwide data collected from 11,284 students in elementary, middle, high, and undergraduate school in South Korea. The participants were asked to answer 18 items of smart media literacy questionnaire (SMLQ) that consisted of four factors; ability to learn using smart media, ability to operate smart devices, ability to use smart applications, and positive perception of using smart media. As a result, statically significant differences were observed in the participants' gender and school levels. In relation to the gender level, female students scored higher than male students on the smart literacy survey. With regard to the school level, middle school students scored the highest while elementary school students scored the lowest. In addition, a statistically significant difference was found in the gender level of smart media literacy on two dependent measures in terms of the interaction effect of gender and school levels. Based on the findings of the present study, strategies to improve smart media literacy according to students' gender and school levels have been made and suggestions for further research have been proposed in detail.

• The Journal of Korean Society for School & Community Health Education
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.61-75
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• 2014

Objectives: The objective of this study is to analyze the relationship among self-esteem, optimism, and smart phone addiction of middle school students and examine the variables on smart phone addiction. Methods: Data were collected by questionnaires from 475 middle school students in U city. To analyze the sample survey data, descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA, duncan test and multiple regression analysis were performed with SPSS/WIN 15.0. Results: There were statistically significant differences among general characteristics sex, grade, school record, satisfaction with school life, economic state, romantic relationship, the period of smart phone usage, and smart phone usage fee with smart phone addiction. Also, there were significant negative relationships between self-esteem and optimism. Significant factors that affect smart phone addiction in middle school students were sex, self esteem, smart phone usage fee. These variables explained 10.8% of smart phone addiction. Conclusions: The results of this study reveal that the significant factors of smart phone addiction are sex and self-esteem. This study indicates that it is important to develop self esteem promotion programs that focus on sex trait in order to prevent smart phone addiction on adolescents.

• International Neurourology Journal
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.313-313
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• 2018

• Korean Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.22 no.6
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• pp.587-598
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• 2013

This study is to examine (the) effects of self-control, parent-adolescent communication, and school life satisfaction on smart-phone addiction for middle school students. The 127 students who were classified as smart-phone addicts among first to third grade at two middle schools located in Gyunggido were sampled with a survey. T-tests, ANOVA, Pearson's correlation, and multiple regression analysis were used. The results of study were as follows. First, smart-phone addiction make no difference according to adolescent's sex and grade. Second, the relations between smart-phone addiction and the factors included self-control, parent-adolescent communication, and school life satisfaction were negatively correlated. As a result, the higher self-control, parent-adolescent communication, and school life satisfaction were, the lower smart -phone addiction was. Third, it is significant as variable that adverse effect, low rank class of parent-adolescent communication and personal relationship, same class as the former of school life satisfaction exert influence on smart phone addiction.

• Journal of the Korean Dietetic Association
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.95-111
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• 2024

The Smart Hazard Analysis Critical Control Point (HACCP) management system, which integrates information technology (IT) to automate and analyze big data, has been introduced into school food services. This study investigated the job performance, job satisfaction, and job stress of employees in school food services using Smart HACCP. Data were collected via questionnaires from 350 employees in school food services who utilized Smart HACCP and worked in Gyeonggi-do or Incheon. The questionnaire included general information, workplace characteristics, HACCP education status, job performance, and job satisfaction according to the use of Smart HACCP, and general job stress. The responses showed that 92.3% of the participants had received HACCP education in the workplace, and 66.6% understood the content of the education. Among the HACCP process stages, CCP2 (Food Handling and Cooking) and CCP3 (Cooking Completion and Distribution) were the stages at which all participants were using Smart HACCP. CCP3 had the highest percentage (61.4%) of participants who experienced feeling the maximum reduction in their tasks by using Smart HACCP. The Smart HACCP job performance at CCP1 (Inspection) and Smart HACCP job satisfaction were higher in workplaces with 6~10 employees, compared to those with 10≤ employees (both P<0.05). The Smart HACCP job performances at of CP1 (Refrigeration and Freezer Temperature Management) and CP2 (Cleaning and Disinfection of Food Contact Surfaces) were significantly affected by the work area. General job stress was significantly higher in cooks than in cook practitioners, higher in employees with cook certification than in those without it, and higher in employees with work experience (<1 year), compared to those with 5~10 years or 10~15 years' experience. In conclusion, employees' job performance and satisfaction with Smart HACCP need to be enhanced to improve hygiene in school food service. This requires the effective management of their job stress.

• Journal of Smart Tourism
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.31-39
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• 2021

Smart tourism, a promising development trend for destinations, has drawn growing attention from practitioners and academics. Extant research has laid a solid theoretical foundation on the roles of technology and effects of smart tourism on tourists. However, little is known about structured and profound implications for a destination's smart tourism development. Thus, by selecting Hong Kong as a case city, this study proposes a framework of implications for smart tourism development. A qualitative approach was employed to gain insights from smart tourism stakeholders. Results shed light on nine elements that boost the smart tourism development of destinations. These nine elements serve as a significant reference for policy-making. Several theoretical and practical implications are provided for scholars, practitioners, and policy makers.

• The Journal of Korean Society for School & Community Health Education
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.17-29
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• 2015

Objectives: The purpose of this study is to examine the trend of adolescent's smart phone addiction researches from 2012 to 2014 in Korea, and to propose further study for prevention of adolescent's smart phone addiction. Methods: Subjects were 169 researches about adolescent's smart phone addiction from 2012 to 2014 in Korea, and the theme was summarized as following: variables associated with adolescent's smart phone addiction, prevention and intervention strategies of it, the status and development of adolescent's smart phone addiction scale, awareness and prevention of smart phone addiction. Results: As a result of this study, 63.3% were as the most source of researches in 2014, and master's thesis was 74.6 percent. According to the theme of research, the most effects on smart phone addition is self-control and parenting and the most relational variables with smart phone addition are anxiety and parenting. The most affected by smart phone addiction is adaption of school life and conversational breakdown. The studies about prevention of smart phone addiction and intervention examine the effect of therapy program and group consultation. Conclusions: The educational program for using smart phone should be made and applied for preventing adolescent's smart phone addiction.

• International Journal of Computer Science & Network Security
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• v.24 no.6
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• pp.77-82
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• 2024

The Smart home energy consumption represents much of the total energy consumed in advanced countries. For this reason, the main objectif of this paper is to study the energy consumption profile by day for each home appliances: controllable appliances for example Washing machine, Tumble dryer and Air conditioning and uncontrollable appliances for example TV, PC, Lighting, Refrigerator and Electric heater. In this paper, we start with presentation of a smart home energy management systems. Next, we present the modeling and simulation of controllable appliances and uncontrollable appliances. Finally, concludes this paper with some prospects. The modeling and the simulation of a Smart home appliances is based on MATLAB/Simulink software.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.222-228
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• 2013

Although the role of ${\alpha}$-synuclein aggregation on Parkinson's disease is relatively well known, the physiological role and the regulatory mechanism governing the expression of ${\alpha}$-synuclein are unclear yet. We recently reported that ${\alpha}$-synuclein is expressed and secreted from cultured astrocytes. In this study, we investigated the effect of valproic acid (VPA), which has been suggested to provide neuroprotection by increasing ${\alpha}$-synuclein in neuron, on ${\alpha}$-synuclein expression in rat primary astrocytes. VPA concentration-dependently increased the protein expression level of ${\alpha}$-synuclein in cultured rat primary astrocytes with concomitant increase in mRNA expression level. Likewise, the level of secreted ${\alpha}$-synuclein was also increased by VPA. VPA increased the phosphorylation of Erk1/2 and JNK and pretreatment of a JNK inhibitor SP600125 prevented the VPA-induced increase in ${\alpha}$-synuclein. Whether the increased ${\alpha}$-synuclein in astrocytes is involved in the reported neuroprotective effects of VPA awaits further investigation.