• Journal of the Korean Society of Physical Medicine
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.141-149
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• 2014

PURPOSE: This study uses X-rays investigate how university students' smart phone use affects the cervical vertebral angle. METHODS: Ninety-two randomly selected students agreed to participate in this study. The participants' number of hours of smart phone use was gathered using a questionnaire. An X-ray of the participants' cervical vertebrae was taken, and the cervical vertebral angle was measured using the Cobb and the absolute rotation angle (ARA) method. Also, the relation between pain and hours of smart phone use was identified using a visual analog scale (VAS). Using SPSS ver18, the relationships among the cervical vertebral angle and the items in the questionnaire were identified and a frequency analysis, an independent t-test, and the analysis of variance (ANOVA) were calculated. RESULTS: The study showed that an increase in the number hours of smart phone per day led to cervical lordosis(p<0.05). The relationships between points of smart phone addiction and cervical vertebral angle have a negative correlation (p<0.05). Therefore, there are the higher smart phone addiction points, the decrease the cervical vertebral angle. CONCLUSION: The results of the study showed that increase in smart phone use lead to cervical lordosis, and smart phone addiction scores resulted in decreased in the cervical vertebral angle.

• Composites Research
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.52-57
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• 2015

Soft morphing robotics making use of smart material and based on biomimetic principles are capable of continuous locomotion in harmony with its environment. Since these robots do not use traditional mechanical components, they can be built to be light weight and capable of a diverse range of locomotion. This paper illustrates a flexible smart phone robot made of smart soft composite (SSC) with inchworm-like locomotion capable of two-way linear motion. Since rigid components are embedded within the robot, bending actuators with embedded rigid segments were investigated in order to obtain the maximum bending curvature. To verify the results, a simple mechanical model of this actuator was built and compared with experimental data. After that, the flexible robot was implemented as part of a smart phone robot where the rigid components of the phone were embedded within the matrix. Then, experiments were conducted to test the smart phone robot actuation force under different deflections to verify its load carrying capability. After that, the communication between the smart phone and robot controller was implemented and a corresponding phone application was developed. The locomotion of the smart phone robot actuated through an independent controller was also tested.

• Proceedings of the Korean Information Science Society Conference
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• 2011.06d
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• pp.16-19
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• 2011

최근에 Smart Phone 보급의 급격한 확산에 따라 2012년경에는 국내에서 약 2천만명 정도가 Smart Phone을 사용할 것이며 전 세계적으로도 약 3억5천만대 정도의 사용자가 Smart Phone을 사용할 것으로 예상되고 있다. 이러한 Smart Phone에서 시작된 u-Device 변혁은 Smart Phone, Tablet-PC, Smart TV, Desk Top Computer를 연계한 Seamless 학습 환경 및 최근의 N-Screen 환경의 구현을 가능하게 하고 있다.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.16 no.5
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• pp.147-152
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• 2011

The main Objectives of this paper are as follows. First, we investigated effects of Smart Phone quality on the usefulness and ease of use of Smart Phone. Then, we investigated effects of the usefulness and ease of use of Smart Phone on the intention of use. Our research model is based on TAM(Technology Acceptance Model). To accomplish the purpose of this paper effectively and efficiently, a survey was conducted based on the usage of Smart Phone. Then we conducted regression analyses on the collected data and found following results. First, Smart Phone quality have a significant effect on the usefulness and ease of use of Smart Phone. Second, the usefulness and ease of use of Smart Phone have significant effects on the intention of use. Third, Smart Phone users are more satisfied with the system quality than cellular phone users. And the continuous use intention of Smart-Phone users is higher than that of cellular phone users.

• Journal of Korea Society of Digital Industry and Information Management
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• v.6 no.3
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• pp.79-89
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• 2010

Cellular and Smart phone through the business and real life is associated with an increasing number of information processing, Breaches associated with mobile terminal Tile has occurred and cause Crime and damage. In this paper, Cellular and Smart phone for mobile forensics SYN scheme and JTAG scheme to target Cellular and Smart phone for the extraction of forensic data will be studied. SYN, JTAG approach to forensic analysis indicate with the process, Every Smart phone's OS specific performance and data extraction were compared. In the laboratory, Cell and smart phone with the SYN scheme and JTAG scheme to extract forensic data Improvement compared to the extraction is presented.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Computer Information Conference
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• 2011.06a
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• pp.207-211
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• 2011

기업들의 비자금 수사를 받기 전에 압수수색 대상 회계 파일의 삭제, 파손 및 은닉하고 있다. 2010년 H 그룹 비자금 조성 사건에서도 삭제된 파일에서 회계처리, 비자금 문제를 발견하였다. 최근에는 Smart Phone의 활성화와 함께 주요 증거물을 Smart Phone에 저장하고 업무를 진행하고 있다. 본 논문에서는 압수수색된 Smart Phone에서 기업의 회계장부를 찾아내고, 삭제한 회계장부를 복원하는 포렌식 수사기술에 관한 연구이다. 기업에 대한 압수수색 준비와 압수 수색, 획득 증거 분석 등의 절차와 포렌식 도구들을 분석한다. Smart Phone 압수수색 후 포렌식 증거 자료 추출 과정과 포렌식 도구를 이용하여 실험하고 포렌식 증거자료를 추출한다. 본 논문을 통해서 Smart Phone 포렌식 기술발전에 기여 하고자 한다.

• Journal of Information Processing Systems
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.209-220
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• 2011

One of the major factors influencing the phenomenal growth of the smart phone market is the active development applications based on open environments. Despite difficulties in finding and downloading applications due to the small screens and inconvenient interfaces of smart phones, users download applications nearly every day. Such user behavior patterns indicate the significance of smart phone applications. So far, studies on applications have focused mainly on technical approaches, including recommendation systems. Meanwhile, the issue of culture, as an aspect of user characteristics regarding smart phone use, remains largely unexamined throughout the world. Hence, the present study attempts to analyze the highest ranked smart phone applications downloaded and paid for that are ranked the highest in 10 countries (Korea, Japan, China, India, the UK, USA, Indonesia, Canada, France, and Mexico) and we then derive the CDSC (Cultural Dimensions Score of Content) for these applications. The results derived are, then, mapped to the cultural dimensions model to determine the CISC (Cultural Index Score for Country). Further, culturally significant differences in smart phone environments are identified using MDS analysis.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.22 no.9
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• pp.65-71
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• 2017

This paper proposes a smart phone authentication method based on user's behavior and habit that is an authentication method against shoulder surfing attack and brute force attack. As smart phones evolve not only storage of personal data but also a key means of financial services, the importance of personal information security in smart phones is growing. When user authentication of smart phone, pattern authentication method is simple to use and memorize, but it is prone to leak and vulnerable to attack. Using the features of the smart phone pattern method of the user, the pressure applied when touching the touch pad with the finger, the size of the area touching the finger, and the time of completing the pattern are used as feature vectors and applied to user authentication security. First, a smart phone user models and stores three parameter values as prototypes for each section of the pattern. Then, when a new authentication request is made, the feature vector of the input pattern is obtained and compared with the stored model to decide whether to approve the access to the smart phone. The experimental results confirm that the proposed technique shows a robust authentication security using subjective data of smart phone user based on habits and behaviors.

• Journal of Korea Society of Digital Industry and Information Management
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• v.6 no.4
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• pp.193-198
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• 2010

Smart phone systems such as Android and iPhone are spreading into the next generation's computing and the prediction that cell phone (especially smart phone) penetration rate will be higher than that of PC in the near future is predominant. In this paper, we designed and materialized an item pool system which has self directed learning function that enables learning with smart phone (the PC in the hand). Users can choose the way of studying and do the offered estimation depending on their levels with smart phone. It is materialized the studying environment which can be done immediately anytime and anywhere.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
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• 2011.05a
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• pp.429-431
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• 2011

공학의 기본 원리 학습을 위해서는 원리 그림이나 도표와 같은 콘텐츠의 사용이 필요하다. 하지만 시간과 공간의 제약으로 학습이 불충분하고, 편리성과 멀티미디어 콘텐츠를 갖추지 못하면 학습의 효과도 떨어지는 문제점이 있다. 최근 Smart Phone 사용자가 증가하고, Smart Phone을 이용한 교육프로그램을 제공하여 이동 중에도 공학의 기본 원리와 같은 학습이 필요한 시점이다. 본 논문에서는 열역학의 법칙 등 열역학에 관한 학습 콘텐츠를 Smart Phone에서 구현하고자 한다. 실제 Web 서버를 통하여 무선 인터넷 통신망에서 제공되는 열역학의 교육 공학적 도표, 애니메이션, 그림, 등을 Smart Phone에서의 설계하고 구현한다. 본 연구는 교육공학과 학습 프로그램 제공을 통해 모바일 원격교육 발전에 기여할 것이다.