• International Journal of Contents
• /
• v.10 no.1
• /
• pp.1-11
• /
• 2014

In the current generation of smart mobile devices, object tracking is one of the most important research topics for computer vision. Because human face tracking can be widely used for many applications, collecting a dataset of face videos is necessary for evaluating the performance of a tracker and for comparing different approaches. Unfortunately, the well-known benchmark datasets of face videos are not sufficiently diverse. As a result, it is difficult to compare the accuracy between different tracking algorithms in various conditions, namely illumination, background complexity, and subject movement. In this paper, we propose a new dataset that includes 91 face video clips that were recorded in different conditions. We also provide a semi-automatic ground-truth generation tool that can easily be used to evaluate the performance of face tracking systems. This tool helps to maintain the consistency of the definitions for the ground-truth in each frame. The resulting video data set is used to evaluate well-known approaches and test their efficiency.

• The Journal of The Korea Institute of Intelligent Transport Systems
• /
• v.21 no.1
• /
• pp.123-140
• /
• 2022

Even though driving behaviors in underground roads can be significantly different from ground roads, existing underground roads follow the design guidelines of ground roads. In this context, this study investigates the driving behaviors of the exit-ramp terminal of urban underground roads using a driving simulator. Virtual driving experiments were performed by analyzing scenarios between the underground and ground road environments. The experiments' driving behavior data for each geometry section are compared and validated through a statistical significance test. This test showed that the speed in the underground road environment is relatively low, and the LPM tends to move away from the adjacent tunnel wall. Based on these findings, this study suggests implications and feasible solutions for improving driver's safety in the exit-ramp terminal of the underground roads.

• Journal of the Korean GEO-environmental Society
• /
• v.25 no.7
• /
• pp.21-27
• /
• 2024

Frost heave, a significant engineering aspect of frozen ground, leads to various damages in Korea during the winter. Both the United States and Japan, encompassing regions with frozen ground, have actively researched frost heave and possess standardized experimental methods. Particularly, the Japanese Geotechnical Society (JGS) has introduced a frost heave standard testing method, offering the advantage of relatively simple specimen preparation and experimental procedures. However, issues persist regarding the ambiguous engineering interpretation of frost heave test results and the lack of clear criteria for frost heave susceptibility assessment. This paper presents laboratory testing results following the JGS testing method on sand and silt mixtures using a triaxial temperature-controllable cell, and thoroughly analyzes the frost heave rate calculation process. Furthermore, it evaluates the applicability of frost heave susceptibility criteria proposed in the United States to frost heave rates based on the JGS testing method.

• Journal of the Korean GEO-environmental Society
• /
• v.25 no.7
• /
• pp.29-34
• /
• 2024

Frost heave is one of the significant engineering characteristics of frozen ground and causes severe damages on geo-structures. Although thermo-hydro coupled analyses have been developed to predict frost heave behavior, these analyses involve excessive input parameters and have primarily been validated for frost heave in clayey soils. Frost heave mainly occurs in silty soils, which have relatively higher permeability compared to clayey soils, necessitating careful attention. This study introduces empirical models and verifies their reliability for silty soils. By using the validated model, the correlation of key input parameters is derived, which is expected to enhance the applicability of thermal-mechanical analysis for geo-structures on frozen ground in the future.

• Smart Structures and Systems
• /
• v.26 no.3
• /
• pp.277-290
• /
• 2020

Disasters, including earthquakes and landslides, have enormous economic and social losses besides their impact on environmental disruption. Iran, and particularly its Western part, is known as an earthquake susceptible area due to numerous strong ground motions. Studying ecological changes due to climate change can improve the public and expert sector's awareness and response to future disastrous events. Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) data and Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (InSAR) technologies are appropriate tools for modeling and surface deformation modeling. This paper proposes an efficient approach to detect ground deformation changes using Sentinel-1A. The focal point of this research is to map the ground surface deformation modeling is presented using InSAR technology over Sarpol-e Zahab on 25^th November 2018 as a study case. For surface deformation modeling and detection of the ground movement due to earthquake SARPROZ in MATLAB programming language is used and discussed. Results show that there is a general ground movement due to the Sarpol-e Zahab earthquake between -7 millimeter to +18 millimeter in the study area. This research verified previous researches on the advanced image analysis techniques employed for mapping ground movement, where InSAR provides a reliable tool for assisting engineers and the decision-maker in choosing proper policies in a time of disasters. Based on the result, 574 out of 682 damaged buildings and infrastructures due to the 2017 Sarpol-e Zahab earthquake have moved from -2 to +17 mm due to the 2018 earthquake with a magnitude of 6.3 Richter. Results show that mountainous areas have suffered land subsidence, where urban areas had land uplift.

• Steel and Composite Structures
• /
• v.31 no.6
• /
• pp.629-640
• /
• 2019

The investigation of retaining wall structures behavior under dynamic loads is considered as one of important parts for designing such structures. Generally, the performance of these structures is under the influence of the environment conditions and their geometry. The aim of this research is to design retaining wall structures based on smart and optimal systems. The use of accuracy and speed to assess the structures under different conditions is one of the important parts sought by designers. Therefore, optimal and smart systems are able to have better addressing these problems. Using numerical and coding methods, this research investigates the retaining wall structure design under different dynamic conditions. More than 9500 models were constructed and considered for modelling design. These designs include height and thickness of the wall, soil density, rock density, soil friction angle, and peak ground acceleration (PGA) variables. Accordingly, a neural network system was developed to establish an appropriate relationship between data to obtain safety factor (SF) of retaining walls under different seismic conditions. Different parameters were analyzed and the effect of each parameter was assessed separately. According to these analyses, the structure optimization was performed to increase the SF values. The optimal and smart design showed that under different PGA conditions, the structure performance can be appropriately improved while utilization of the initial (or basic) parameters leads to the structure failure. Therefore, by increasing accuracy and speed, smart methods could improve the retaining structure performance in controlling the wall failure. The intelligent design process of this study can be applied to some other civil engineering applications such as slope stability.

• Journal of the HCI Society of Korea
• /
• v.14 no.1
• /
• pp.15-22
• /
• 2019

The purpose of this study is to investigate the users' expectation and expectation gap about the attributes of smart speaker as an intelligent agent, ie autonomy, sociality, responsiveness, activeness, time continuity, goal orientation. To this end, semi-structured interviews were conducted for smart speaker users and analyzed based on ground theory. Result has shown that people have huge expectation gap about the sociality and human-likeness of smart speakers, due to limitations in technology. The responsiveness of smart speakers was found to have positive expectation gap. For the memory of time-sequential information, there was an ambivalent expectation gap depending on the degree of information sensitivity and presentation method. We also found that there was a low expectation level for autonomous aspects of smart speakers. In addition, proactive aspects were preferred only when appropriate for the context. This study presents implications for designing a way to interact with smart speakers and managing expectations.

• Smart Structures and Systems
• /
• v.25 no.4
• /
• pp.433-446
• /
• 2020

In this paper the effect of confining pressure and tunnel depth on the ground vertical settlement has been investigated using particle flow code (PFC2D). For this perpuse firstly calibration of PFC2D was performed using both of tensile test and triaxial test. Then a model with dimention of 100 m × 100 m was built. A circular tunnel with diameter of 20 m was drillled in the middle of the model. Also, a rectangular tunnel with wide of 10 m and length of 20 m was drilled in the model. The center of tunnel was situated 15 m, 20 m, 25 m, 30 m, 35 m, 40 m, 45 m, 50 m, 55 m and 60 m below the ground surface. these models are under confining pressure of 0.001 GPa, 0.005 GPa, 0.01 GPa, 0.03 GPa, 0.05 GPa and 0.07 GPa. The results show that the volume of colapce zone is constant by increasing the distance between ground surface and tunnel position. Also, the volume of colapce zone was increased by decreasing of confining pressure. The maximum of settlement occurs at the top of the tunnel roof. The maximum of settlement occurs when center of tunnel was situated 15 m below the ground surface. The settlement decreases by increasing the distance between tunnel center line and measuring circles in the ground surface. The minimum of settlement occurs when center of circular tunnel was situated 60 m below the surface ground. Its to be note that the settlement increase by decreasing the confining pressure.

• Journal of National Security and Military Science
• /
• s.9
• /
• pp.257-282
• /
• 2011

In this paper, we propose an architecture design of military operation system utilizing cellular networks. The main contribution of this paper is to provide a cost-effective military operation solution for ground forces, which is based on IT(information technology). By employing the cellular phones of officers' and non-commissioned officers' as the tools of operational communication, the proposed system can be constructed in the minimum duration and be built on the four components: command and control system, gateway, security system, and terminal(cell phone). This system is most effective for the warfare of limited area, but the effectiveness does not decrease under the total war covering the whole land of Korea. For the environmental change of near future, expanded architecture is also provided to utilize the functionalities of smart phones.

• Earthquakes and Structures
• /
• v.4 no.5
• /
• pp.509-525
• /
• 2013

In this paper, learning capabilities of two types of Arterial Neural Networks, namely hierarchical neural networks and Generalized Regression Neural Network were used in a two-stage approach to develop a method for generating spatial varying accelerograms from acceleration response spectra and a distance parameter in which generated accelerogram is desired. Data collected from closely spaced arrays of seismographs in SMART-1 array were used to train neural networks. The generated accelerograms from the proposed method can be used for multiple support excitations analysis of structures that their supports undergo different motions during an earthquake.