• Journal of the Korean Society of Industry Convergence
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• v.23 no.2_2
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• pp.333-341
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• 2020

In this paper, we introduce a smart city-cyber-security-grid-matrix methodology, as a result of research on overall cyber security of smart cities. The identified cyber security risks that threaten smart cities and smart-city-cyber-security-threat list are presented. The smart-city-cyber-security-requirements necessary to secure the smart city cyber security with the developed smart city-cyber-security-grid-matrix are given in this paper. We show how the developed smart city-cyber-security-grid-matrix methodology can be applied to real world. For it, we interlocked the developed smart city-cyber-security-grid-matrix methodology with the cyber-security-framework of the National Institute of Standards and Technology, and developed a framework-based smart city-cyber-security-grid-matrix. Using it, it is easy and comfortable to check the level of cyber security of the target smart ciy at a glace, and the construction and operation of the smart city security system is systematized.

• International Journal of Computer Science & Network Security
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• v.22 no.12
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• pp.29-36
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• 2022

Smart grid (SG) software platforms and communication networks that run and manage the entire grid are increasingly concerned about cyber security. Characteristics of the smart grid networks, including heterogeneity, time restrictions, bandwidth, scalability, and other factors make it difficult to secure. The age-old strategy of "building bigger walls" is no longer sufficient given the rise in the quantity and size of cyberattacks as well as the sophisticated methods threat actor uses to hide their actions. Cyber security experts utilize technologies and procedures to defend IT systems and data from intruders. The primary objective of every organization's cybersecurity team is to safeguard data and information technology (IT) infrastructure. Consequently, further research is required to create guidelines and methods that are compatible with smart grid security. In this study, we have discussed objectives of of smart grid security, challenges of smart grid security, defensive cybersecurity techniques, offensive cybersecurity techniques and open research challenges of cybersecurity.

• Journal of Korea Society of Digital Industry and Information Management
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.41-49
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• 2016

Smart Grid is a next generation of new power growth electrical grid which provide high quality of electrical service by using Information Technologies to increase intelligence and performance. By using Smart Grid system, it can support energy management such as increase quality of electrical power, decrease energy and decrease emissions. However, Smart Grid uses information of energy consumption and when Smart Grid collects information, it will create private information. In this thesis, it will address issues of security private information which caused by Smart Grid for administrative measure and efficiency of Smart Grid in domestic. Also, cryptographic module algorithm, latest security solutions and strong wireless security policy for network environment such as wireless communication Iinternet are require for Smart Grid perform successfully and protect national power network equipment from cyber-attack and can stop leakage of user's personal information. Finally, it is urgent to prepare protection measures of National industrial facilities and power grid which can prepare for a cyber terrorism and penetration attacks and build emergency countermeasure management team for Smart Grid are require for safe Smart Grid environment.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Computer Information Conference
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• 2011.06a
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• pp.165-169
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• 2011

저탄소 녹색성장 정책의 일환으로 추진되는 Smart Grid 사업은, 전력인프라와 IT인프라가 융합 되면서 지능화된 전기 에너지의 효율성 향상을 목적으로 전기망 내 송배전을 실시간으로 관리할 수 있게 운영하는 지능형 전기망이다. 하지만 기존의 인터넷망과 IT 통신 인프라와 융합되면서 Smart Grid 인프라에서도 IT보안 취약점 문제가 존재한다. 본 논문에서는 Smart Grid 인프라를 요소별로 분석한다. 그리고 Smart Grid 인프라의 보안성 분석을 통하여 보안의 취약점을 가져 올 수 있는 Smart Grid에 대한 보안 이슈를 분석한다. 그리고 Smart Grid 보안성 기준에 따른 보안기술정책을 연구하고, 보안 표준과 보안 방안을 제시한다. 본 연구를 통하여 안전한 Smart Grid 보안기술정책을 위한 법 제정에 기초자료가 될 것이다.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information Security & Cryptology
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• v.22 no.6
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• pp.1375-1391
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• 2012

Smart grid is a next-generation intelligent power grid that applying ICT to power grid to maximize the energy efficiency ratio. Recently, technologies and standards for smart grid are being developed around the world. Information security which is an essential part of smart grid development has to be managed continuously. Information security management system certification for organizational risk management has been implemented in Korea. Although preparation for information security management system certification which is applicable to smart grid is considered, there are no specific methods. This paper is to propose core and added evaluation criteria for Korean smart grid based on K-ISMS through comparative analysis between ISMS operated in Korea and smart grid information security management system developed in the United States. Added evaluation criteria enable smart grid related business that certified existing ISMS to minimize redundant and unnecessary certification assessment work.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Computer Information Conference
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• 2011.06a
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• pp.83-86
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• 2011

2009년 7월 G8 확대정상회의에서 이태리와 공동으로 Smart Grid 선도국으로 한국이 지정되었다. 하지만 차세대 국가 성장 동력인 Smart Grid에 대한 사이버 공격 사례가 발생하고 있으며, 모의실험을 통해 보안 위협이 예측되고 있어, Smart Grid 공격을 분석하고, 안전성을 확보하기 위한 Smart Grid 보안기술에 대한 연구가 필요하다. 본 논문은 Smart Grid의 AMI, 네트워크 인프라, 시스템의 스마트 제어 및 스마트 서비스에 대한 보안성 분석과 램 공격, 주파수 크래킹, 악성코드 등의 공격과 취약점에 관한 연구를 한다. 그리고 Smart Grid 기술에 대한 공격을 방어 할 수 있는 보안 기술 및 보안 방법을 연구한다. 본 연구를 통해 Smart Grid에 대한 보안성을 강화하여 Smart Grid 보안기술 발전에 기여할 것이다.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.14 no.11
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• pp.2497-2506
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• 2010

Smart power grid is targeting to improve grid operation by integrating existing power IT technologies in the jeju smart grid field test. Real-time two-way communication and interoperability in power grid are essential to smart power grid. Adopting smart grid will increase security vulnerabilities in power grid by increasing the number of wireless sensors and the chances of the external exposure of communication networks. In addition, hackers can cause chaos in the power grid system with eavesdropping and forgery attacks in communication networks. Smart power grid is one of the most important systems in deploying smart grid, and it is important to design security system systematically since smart grid can be seriously damaged when problem occurs. In this paper, local and global smart grid security standard and security vulnerabilities in power grid are reviewed, and 2 level smart grid service model is proposed.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
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• 2010.10a
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• pp.240-243
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• 2010

Smart Phone supplies are diffused and substitute the Internet PC with Mobile communications which they are applied. Smart Phone in Smart Grid where electric power watch and the IT of existing amalgamate are used with business. Consequently from Smart Grid network connections which lead Smart Phone in about connection and control in about security vulnerabilities and Smart Grid networks the research is necessary in about vulnerability. It uses Smart Phone from the present paper and when approaching electric power watch systems which lead Smart Grid networks, it researches in about connection vulnerability. Also it uses Smart Phone and after connecting in Smart Grid networks a vulnerability in seizure possibility and, electric power information and control information, about private data etc. access authority it analyzes with the problem point which occurs it confronts it researches. And the research direction for a security reinforcement under presenting boil in about Smart Grid network security vulnerabilities which lead Smart Phone.

• Journal of Korea Society of Digital Industry and Information Management
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.107-117
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• 2013

In this paper, we designed the security management system based on IEC 62351-7 in the Smart Grid environment. The scope of IEC 62351-7 focuses on network and system management (NSM) of the information infrastructure as well as end-to-end security through abstract NSM data objects for the power system operational environment. However, it does not exist that security management system based on IEC 62351-7 manages the security of the power system in the Smart Grid environment, because power equipment or SNMP agents providing NSM data do not exist yet. Therefore, we implemented the security management system to manage the information infrastructure as reliably as the power system infrastructure is managed. We expect that this system can perform the security management of IEC 61850 based digital substation and can be a prototype of the security system for the Smart Grid in the future.

• International Journal of Advanced Culture Technology
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.7-10
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• 2014

In order to develop smart grid communications infrastructure, a high level of interconnectivity and reliability among its nodes is required. Sensors, advanced metering devices, electrical appliances, and monitoring devices, just to mention a few, will be highly interconnected allowing for the seamless flow of data. Reliability and security in this flow of data between nodes is crucial due to the low latency and cyber-attacks resilience requirements of the Smart Grid. In particular, Artificial Intelligence techniques such as Fuzzy Logic, Bayesian Inference, Neural Networks, and other methods can be employed to enhance the security gaps in conventional IDSs. A distributed FPGA-based network with adaptive and cooperative capabilities can be used to study several security and communication aspects of the smart grid infrastructure both from the attackers and defensive point of view. In this paper, the vital issue of security in the smart grid is discussed, along with a possible approach to achieve this by employing FPGA based Radial Basis Function (RBF) network intrusion.