• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information Security & Cryptology
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• v.22 no.6
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• pp.1375-1391
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• 2012

Smart grid is a next-generation intelligent power grid that applying ICT to power grid to maximize the energy efficiency ratio. Recently, technologies and standards for smart grid are being developed around the world. Information security which is an essential part of smart grid development has to be managed continuously. Information security management system certification for organizational risk management has been implemented in Korea. Although preparation for information security management system certification which is applicable to smart grid is considered, there are no specific methods. This paper is to propose core and added evaluation criteria for Korean smart grid based on K-ISMS through comparative analysis between ISMS operated in Korea and smart grid information security management system developed in the United States. Added evaluation criteria enable smart grid related business that certified existing ISMS to minimize redundant and unnecessary certification assessment work.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• v.17 no.6
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• pp.1689-1705
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• 2023

To deal with the potential XSS vulnerabilities in the source code of the power communication network, an XSS vulnerability detection method combining the static analysis method with the dynamic testing method is proposed. The static analysis method aims to analyze the structure and content of the source code. We construct a set of feature expressions to match malignant content and set a "variable conversion" method to analyze the data flow of the code that implements interactive functions. The static analysis method explores the vulnerabilities existing in the source code structure and code content. Dynamic testing aims to simulate network attacks to reflect whether there are vulnerabilities in web pages. We construct many attack vectors and implemented the test in the Selenium tool. Due to the combination of the two analysis methods, XSS vulnerability discovery research could be conducted from two aspects: "white-box testing" and "black-box testing". Tests show that this method can effectively detect XSS vulnerabilities in the source code of the power communication network.

• The Transactions of The Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers
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• v.66 no.4
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• pp.613-620
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• 2017

The power grid has been changed to a smart grid system to satisfy the growing need for power grid complexity, demand, reliability, security, and efficiency with a combination of existing power and ICT technology. This study analyzes the research trends in smart grid technology in the period since the introduction of the smart grid system and compares it with industrial trends to grasp the progress and characteristics of Smart Grid technology and look for ways to innovate the technology. To do this, we analyze the research trends using dynamic topic modeling, which is capable of time-series research topic analysis. Next, we compare the results of research trends with industrial trends analyzed by Gartner's experts to demonstrate that smart grid research is evolving to the level of industrialization. The results of this study are quantitative analysis through data mining, and it is expected that it will be used in many fields such as companies that want to participate in industry and government agencies that need to establish policies by showing more objective analysis results.

• International Journal of Computer Science & Network Security
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.255-263
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• 2021

Smart grid is a fully-automated, bi-directional, power transmission network based on the physical grid system, which combines sensor measurement, computer, information communication, and automatic control technology. Blockchain technology, with its security features, can be integrated with Smart Grids to provide secure and efficient power management and transmission. This paper dicusses the deployment of Blockchain technology in Smart Grid. It presents application areas and protocols in which blockchain can be applied to in securing smart grid. One application of each area is explored in detail, such as efficient peer-to-peer transaction, lower platform costs, faster processes, greater flexibility in power generation to transmission, distribution and power consumption in different energy storage systems, current barriers obstructing the implementation of blockchain applications with some level of maturity in financial services but concepts only in energy and other sectors. Wide range of energy applications suggesting a suitable blockchain architecture in smart grid operations, a sample block structure and the potential blockchain technicalities employed in it. Also, added with efficient data aggregation schemes based on the blockchain technology to overcome the challenges related to privacy and security in the smart grid. Later on, consensus algorithms and protocols are discussed. Monitoring of the usage and statistics of energy distribution systems that can also be used to remotely control energy flow to a particular area. Further, the discussion on the blockchain-based frameworks that helps in the diagnosis and maintenance of smart grid equipment. We have also discussed several commercial implementations of blockchain in the smart grid. Finally, various challenges have been discussed for integrating these technologies. Overall, it can be said at the present point in time that blockchain technology certainly shows a lot of potentials from a customer perspective too and should be further developed by market participants. The approaches seen thus far may have a disruptive effect in the future and might require additional regulatory intervention in an already tightly regulated energy market. If blockchains are to deliver benefits for consumers (whether as consumers or prosumers of energy), a strong focus on consumer issues will be needed.

• International Journal of Advanced Culture Technology
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.7-10
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• 2014

In order to develop smart grid communications infrastructure, a high level of interconnectivity and reliability among its nodes is required. Sensors, advanced metering devices, electrical appliances, and monitoring devices, just to mention a few, will be highly interconnected allowing for the seamless flow of data. Reliability and security in this flow of data between nodes is crucial due to the low latency and cyber-attacks resilience requirements of the Smart Grid. In particular, Artificial Intelligence techniques such as Fuzzy Logic, Bayesian Inference, Neural Networks, and other methods can be employed to enhance the security gaps in conventional IDSs. A distributed FPGA-based network with adaptive and cooperative capabilities can be used to study several security and communication aspects of the smart grid infrastructure both from the attackers and defensive point of view. In this paper, the vital issue of security in the smart grid is discussed, along with a possible approach to achieve this by employing FPGA based Radial Basis Function (RBF) network intrusion.

• ETRI Journal
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• v.36 no.1
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• pp.80-88
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• 2014

Recently, the idea of the smart grid has been gaining significant attention and has become a hot research topic. The purpose of this paper is to present a novel smart grid management scheme that uses game theory principles. In our proposed scheme, power appliances in the smart grid adaptively form groups according to the non-cooperative hedonic game model. By exploiting multi-appliance diversity, appliances in each group are dynamically scheduled in a cooperative manner. For efficient smart grid management, the proposed coopetition game approach is dynamic and flexible to adaptively respond to current system conditions. The main feature is to maximize the overall system performance while satisfying the requirements of individual appliances. Simulation results indicate that our proposed scheme achieves higher energy efficiency and better system performance than other existing schemes.

• KEPCO Journal on Electric Power and Energy
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.233-244
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• 2016

Smart grid is called it as a system of systems. There are diverse types of systems in smart grid environment. Therefore, one of key factors to achieve smart grid successfully is interoperability among diverse systems. To secure interoperability, smart grid operating system should be developed complied with standards in terms of the data representation and communication. Common Information Model (CIM) and OLE Process for Control - Unified Architecture (OPC-UA) are the representative international standards in smart grid domain. Each standard defines data representation and communication by providing common information model and the unified architecture. In this paper, we explain a smart grid platform that we have developed to comply with CIM and OPC-UA standards for secure interoperability among numerous legacy systems.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Computer Information Conference
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• 2011.06a
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• pp.217-219
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• 2011

Smart Grid를 위해서 전기의 끊김없는 공급과 안전한 전기사용이 중요하다. Smart Grid에 사용되는 전기IT기기의 성능평가와 인증을 받기 위해서는 모듈 기준값, 모듈 성능값, 제품별 기능, 실험장비, 허용오차 등 실험 DataBase가 발생한다. 전기IT기기는, 기존의 존기기기에 IT와 통신기능을 융합하여 전기의 공급과 안전성을 강화시킨 제품이다. 본 논문에서는 Smart Grid DataBase 개발을 위한 전기IT기기들을 안전하게 관리하고, IT와 통신을 통한 인터넷 웹브라우저에서 접속할 수 있는 Java Servlet 기술을 이용한, 전기IT기기에 대한 평가기관 및 인증기관이 실시간으로 평가와 인증 자료를 관리 할 수 있도록 한다.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Computer Information Conference
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• 2011.06a
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• pp.87-90
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• 2011

Smart Grid는 전기 공급자와 수요자를 이어주는 전기 네트워크를 설치하여, 전기기기와 IT기술이 융합된 형태로 사용자내에서 Bluetooth, Zigbee를 이용한 전기기기를 통제하는 효율적인 에너지 네트워크의 일종이다. 하지만 Bluetooth, Zigbee는 인증과 키관리 문제가 있어 보안의 문제가 일어날 수 있다. 본 논문에서는 스마트 그리드에서 사용될 전기IT기기를 응용하여 제어하는 Bluetooth, Zigbee의 인증과 키관리, 키 생성 프로토콜을 통한 보안성 문제를 연구한다. 또한 Bluetooth, Zigbee에 대한 키 생성 프로토콜을 연구한다. 본 연구는 Smart Grid 시스템의 보안성과 안전성을 강화하여 Smart Grid 기술 발전에 기여할 것이다.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information Security & Cryptology
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.809-820
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• 2016

The smart grid, a new open platform, is a core application for facilitating a creative economy in the era of the Internet of Things (IoT). Advanced Metering Infrastructure (AMI) is one of the components of the smart grid and a two-way communications infrastructure between the main utility operator and customer. The smart meter records consumption of electrical energy and communicates that information back to the utility for monitoring and billing. This paper investigates the impact of a cybersecurity attack on the smart meter. We analyze the cost to the smart grid in the case of a smart meter attack by authorized users based on a high risk scenario from NESCOR. Our findings could be used by policy makers and utility operators to create investment decision-making models for smart grid security.