• 한국세라믹학회지
• /
• 제54권6호
• /
• pp.506-510
• /
• 2017

One of the characteristics of polycrystalline graphene that determines its material properties is grain size. Mechanical properties such as Young's modulus, yield strain and tensile strength depend on the grain size and show a reverse Hall-Petch effect at small grain size limit for some properties under certain conditions. While there is agreement on the grain size effect for Young's modulus and yield strain, certain MD simulations have led to disagreement for tensile strength. Song et al. showed a decreasing behavior for tensile strength, that is, a pseudo Hall-Petch effect for the small grain size domain up to 5 nm. On the other hand, Sha et al. showed an increasing behavior, a reverse Hall-Petch effect, for grain size domain up to 10 nm. Mortazavi et al. also showed results similar to those of Sha et al. We suspect that the main difference of these two inconsistent results is due to the different modeling. The modeling of polycrystalline graphene with regular size and (hexagonal) shape shows the pseudo Hall-Petch effect, while the modeling with random size and shape shows the reverse Hall-Petch effect. Therefore, this study is conducted to confirm that different modeling is the main reason for the different behavior of tensile strength of the polycrystalline structures. We conducted MD simulations with models derived from the Voronoi tessellation for two types of grain size distributions. One type is grains of relatively similar sizes; the other is grains of random sizes. We found that the pseudo Hall-Petch effect and the reverse Hall-Petch effect of tensile strength were consistently shown for the two different models. We suspect that this result comes from the different crack paths, which are related to the grain patterns in the models.

• Advances in nano research
• /
• 제7권5호
• /
• pp.325-335
• /
• 2019

In the present study, nonlocal strain gradient theory (NSGT) is developed for wave propagation of functionally graded (FG) nanoscale plate in the thermal environment by considering the porosity effect. $Si_3N_4$ as ceramic phase and SUS304 as metal phase are regarded to be constitutive material of FG nanoplate. The porosity effect is taken into account on the basis of the newly extended method which considers coupling influence between Young's modulus and mass density. The motion relation is derived by applying Hamilton's principle. NSGT is implemented in order to account for small size effect. Wave frequency and phase velocity are obtained by solving the problem via an analytical method. The effects of different parameters such as porosity coefficient, gradient index, wave number, scale factor and temperature change on phase velocity and wave frequency of FG porous nanoplate have been examined and been presented in a group of illustrations.

• 대한금속재료학회지
• /
• 제49권10호
• /
• pp.760-765
• /
• 2011

This paper presents a study of the tensile behavior of carbon and glass fiber reinforced epoxy hybrid laminates manufactured by vacuum assisted resin transfer molding (VARTM). The objective of this study was to develop and characterize carbon fiber reinforced plastic hybrid composite material that is low cost and light-weight and that possesses adequate strength and stiffness. The effect of position and content of the glass fabric layer on the tensile properties of the hybrid laminates was examined. The strength and stiffness of the hybrid laminates showed a steady decrease with an increase of the glass fabric content this decrease was almost linear. Fracture strain of these laminates showed a slight increasing trend when glass fabric content was increased up to 3 layers, but at a glass fabric content > 3 layers the strain was almost constant. When glass fabric layers were at both outer surfaces, the hybrid laminate exhibited a slightly higher tensile strength and elastic modulus due to the small amount of glass yarn pull-out.

• 한국농공학회지
• /
• 제30권3호
• /
• pp.69-81
• /
• 1988

The Repeated Load Triaxial and Oedometer Tests to the weathered granite & silty clay soil have been fulfilled to investigate their dynarnic characteristics. The results obtained are summarized as follows ; 1. In the relation between the repeated triaxial compression and the oedometer test, the recoverable strain of weathered granite soil showed a tendency to decrease by the increase of the repeated loads number(N), and that of silty clay showed approximately constant values while the total strain increased continuously. 2. The changes of plastic strain was dependent to the level of deviator stress which is the most important element in the calculation of soil deformation under repeated load condition. And there was a significance of 10% between the level of stress and plastic strain. 3. When the soil was aimost dried or saturated to 100%, the deformation by the repeated loads was small. However the deformation showed peak around the saturation of 50%. 4. When the deformation was predicted by the repeated triaxial load tests of a laboratory, it is desirable to introduce the threshold stress concept in the calculation of deformation of subgrade of the pavement. 5. The improved design equation (Eq. 16) introducing the modulus of conversion(Fo), which is based on the Boussineq' s theory, is considered to be rational in the design of flexible pavement. From the above results, the deformation to the repeated traffic loads could be predicted by the repeated triaxial tests on the pavement materials or undisturbed soil layers, therefore it is think that the durable and econornic pavement could be constructed by reflecting that to the design.

• Computers and Concrete
• /
• 제2권4호
• /
• pp.249-266
• /
• 2005

In the present paper a transient three-dimensional thermo-mechanical model for concrete is presented. For given boundary conditions, temperature distribution is calculated by employing a three-dimensional transient thermal finite element analysis. Thermal properties of concrete are assumed to be constant and independent of the stress-strain distribution. In the thermo-mechanical model for concrete the total strain tensor is decomposed into pure mechanical strain, free thermal strain and load induced thermal strain. The mechanical strain is calculated by using temperature dependent microplane model for concrete (O$\check{z}$bolt, et al. 2001). The dependency of the macroscopic concrete properties (Young's modulus, tensile and compressive strengths and fracture energy) on temperature is based on the available experimental database. The stress independent free thermal strain is calculated according to the proposal of Nielsen, et al. (2001). The load induced thermal strain is obtained by employing the biparabolic model, which was recently proposed by Nielsen, et al. (2004). It is assumed that the total load induced thermal strain is irrecoverable, i.e., creep component is neglected. The model is implemented into a three-dimensional FE code. The performance of headed stud anchors exposed to fire was studied. Three-dimensional transient thermal FE analysis was carried out for three embedment depths and for four thermal loading histories. The results of the analysis show that the resistance of anchors can be significantly reduced if they are exposed to fire. The largest reduction of the load capacity was obtained for anchors with relatively small embedment depths. The numerical results agree well with the available experimental evidence.

• 한국철도학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국철도학회 2011년도 춘계학술대회 논문집
• /
• pp.1214-1221
• /
• 2011

It is an well-known fact that dynamic properties should be considered in design and maintenance of civil structures undergoing dynamic force such as rail track. For designing of the rail tack structures, dynamic properties of track bed soil such as shear modulus (G) and damping coefficients(D) obtained in small to medium range of shear strain must be known. In general, small size sample of D=5 cm and H=10cm has been used mostly for test convenience. However, ratio of largest particle diameter of the soil to sample diameter is very important and affects to the values of dynamic soil properties in track bed. In this study, an RC/TS test apparatus was built and was run for testing a medium size soil sample that can handle with compacted soil sample up to 10 cm diameter and 20 cm height.

• 한국정밀공학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국정밀공학회 1996년도 춘계학술대회 논문집
• /
• pp.724-728
• /
• 1996

The instrumented Charpy impact test is generally used to evaluate the dynamic fracture toughness for varying engineering materials. However, the test is known to be difficult to evaluate the dynamic fracture toughness for very brittle materials because of the small crack initiation load. To evaluate the dynamic fracture toughness of verybrittle materials, it is necessary to develop a load sensitive instrumented tup. In this study, a polymer tup, which has small Young's modulus, is used for the instrumented Charpyimpact test and a proper testing method is developed. The results show that the developed method can measure rapidly changing loads from the moment of contact between the tup and the specimen to dynamic crack initation of the very brittle materials.

• 한국지반공학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국지반공학회 2009년도 춘계 학술발표회
• /
• pp.940-951
• /
• 2009

A comparative study on dynamic and static measurement of initial stiffness was conducted. Because soil stiffness decreases even at very small strains, the initial stiffness has been measured by dynamic tests using shear wave velocity measurement. On the other hand, due to the advance of local strain measurement, the triaxial testing device is capable of measuring the static initial stiffness. It has been known that initial stiffness measured by static triaxial tests is generally lower than that measured by dynamic tests possibly due to the limitation of static measurement of displacement at very small strains. This study presents experimental results indicating that the elastic shear moduli could be the same both in dynamic and static measurements owing to the soil anisotropy induced by anisotropic stresses.

• 대한토목학회논문집
• /
• 제10권2호
• /
• pp.91-102
• /
• 1990

본 연구는 다양한 지반조건에 따른 동적거동해석의 안정성 및 경제성을 분석하기 위하여 토사지반을 포함하는 시험부지를 선택하여 토사지반에서는 미소변형율의 crosshole test 및 downhole test와 대변형율의 반복삼축시험, 암반에서는 미소변형율에서 현장시험인 crosshole test, downhole test와 실내시험인 sonic test를 실시해 변형율에 따른 지반의 동적전단계수, 감쇠비와 포아슨비 등을 측정하였다. 시험으로 구한 동적지반특성과 기초특성과의 상관관계를 회귀분석을 통하여 분석하였고, 지반의 설계대표치는 시험결과를 토대로 지반별 분포특성 및 영향요인을 고려하여 토사지반에서는 비선형 응력-변형모델로, 암반에서는 미소변형율에서의 동적지반특성을 산정하였다. 상기의 지반구성방정식과 대표치 산정과정은 실제 시험결과 분석, 지반입력 data 산정에 활용 가능하도록 체계화하였다.

• 한국정밀공학회지
• /
• 제23권3호
• /
• pp.163-170
• /
• 2006

Thin films play an important role in many technological applications including microelectronic devices, magnetic storage media, MEMS and surface coatings. It is well known that a thin film's material properties can be very different front the corresponding bulk properties and thus there has been a strong need for the development of a miniature tester to measure the mechanical properties of a thin film. Two testers are designed and set up in small size of 62 mm width, 20 mm depth and 90-120 mm height to fit in a chamber of scanning electron microscope (SEM). One tester has a homemade 0.2 N load cell and a low-priced electromagnetic actuator. The other has a commercial 5 N load cell, a $52{\mu}m$ piezoelectric actuator and some novel grips. Two types of 3.5 microns thick polysilicon specimen are tested to prove the testers' applicability. The strain is measured by the two ways. Firstly, it is measured by an ISDG system in the atmosphere far the reference. Secondly, the same test is repeated in a SEM chamber to monitor the strain as an in-situ experiment. The strain is evaluated by observing the gap change between two markers.